Kunyanya kubhadhara

Mukuita kwekuita mabasa, masangano ezvehupfumi anounza maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa achishandiswa pasina mari-mari kuburikidza nekushandira mabhengi. Kuti uite maitiro aya, mari yebasa rehurongwa inotora zvikumbiro zvekubhadhara uye mirayiridzo. Izvi zvinyorwa ndezvikonzero zvekunyorera mari kubva kune zvinyorwa zvebhizinesi rebhizimisi chete apo masimi ose emhando idzi ane dhezi rinodiwa, izvo zvinotarisirwa.

Imwe yemasero ekudikanwa kana mairairo ane ruzivo rwechimiro chechiverengero chinogona kuiswa mukati mazvo kubva kune rimwe kusvika kune matanhatu. Inoreva urongwa hwokubhadhara. Tsanangudzo yechiratidzo ichi yakagadzirirwa mu Civil Code yeRussian Federation. Maererano nemutemo uyu, urongwa hwekubhadhara ndewokuenzanisa zvakasimba mukushandiswa kwekutengesa kunoitwa nemabhengi ebhengi kune rimwe boka rezvinyorwa zvokubhadhara, kana nguva yekubhadhara kwavo yasvika kana kuuya pazuva rekupa.

Ihurumende yekunyora mari inogadziriswa apo nzvimbo yezvemari yebhizinesi rebhizimisi haibvumiri kubhadhara mari yose inodiwa nenzira yakakodzera. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro asingasimuki, kubviswa kwezvinhu zvose zvakakodzera kubhadhara kuchaitwa nehurongwa hwesangano.

Murairo wekubhadhara unogadziriswa pamutemo munyaya ino mazana masere nemakumi mashanu neshanu ye Civil Code yeRussian Federation. Nenzira dzayo dzinotarisa zvinotevera:

1. Mukutanga kwekubhadhara mari, masangano ebhengi anonyora mari kubva kumabhuku emabhizimisi pamagwaro ehutungamiri, maererano nekushandurwa kwemari kunofanirwa kugutsa zvido zvine chokuita nekudzorerwa kweanmony, pamwe nekukuvadzwa kunoitwa hutano uye hupenyu hwevanhu.

2. Chimiro che "vaviri" mumunda chinoratidza kuti kutanga kwekubhadhara ndeye chirevo chekugadzirisa kwechirongwa chakabudiswa mumagwaro anongororwa ane chokuita nekubhadharwa kwekubhadhara mari, uyewo mubhadharo pasi pechibvumirano chebasa, chibvumirano kana chibvumirano chemunyori. Nyaya pamusoro pekutanga kwebhadharo yakatorwa mukusarudzwa kweBumbiro reMitemo reRussia Federation, iro rakagadzirisa hurongwa hwekorodhe yekunyorera mari kubva kumabhuku ehurongwa kana pane kubhadhara bhajeti uye mari yakawedzera yemari yehurumende, pamwe chete nebhadharo iyo inokonzerwa nemabasa ekugadzira. Muchiitiko ichi, vanogona kufananidzwa kune zvose zvekutanga uye yechipiri.

3. Kana chinzvimbo chechitatu chinotaurwa mumagwaro ekubhadhara, bhangi rinotumira mari mune izvi zvakarongeka kune vashandi avo vane ukama nevanoshandira vanogadziriswa nevhidhiyo dzebasa (zvibvumirano). Kune imwechete yekudzidzira inosanganisira mari yekubhadhara mari yevanhu (pensions, social inshuwarse, inshuwarisi inobhadhara inshuwarisi). Kana nheyo yekambani yenheyo isingabvumiri kuendesa mberi kwega kwezuva rimwe chete, kubhadhara kwechitatu kunoratidzwa mumararamiro akatevera. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanira kuonekwa kuti zvikwereti izvo mutemo wakapiwa kuitwa pasi pehurumende yekutanga neyechipiri inofanira kugutsikana zvizere.

4. Chechina chekutanga chebhadharo chinosanganisira kuendesa kubhajheji uye mari inobatanidza kuwedzera. Zvinosanganisira izvo zvisingagamuchirwi zvekuregererwa kwechitatu. Uyezve, chechina chekubhadhara - basa rehurumende, mari, zvituko, nezvimwewo. Zviyero zvose zvinoshandiswa chete mushure mekugutsa zvido zvinosanganisira regimendi nhamba imwe, mbiri nehatu.

5. Chikamu chechishanu chekubhadhara chinopa kuti kunyorwa kwezviyero kune zvinyorwa zvehutungamiri, izvo zvinopa kugutsikana kwezvimwe zvinoda.

6. Chimiro che "sita" mumunda wekubhadhara chikwereti zvinoreva kuti mabhuku aya anogamuchirwa kuti aite mukurongwa kwekarani.