Zvirongwa pachayo inogona kwakaoma. Chokutanga, kuti zviito zvose zvinofanira chinyatsotsanangurwa danho nedanho. Asi ane faniro kwakadaro, pane zvakawanda zvinhu yekudyidzana aivabatsira kuti kubudirira pakati mabasa kuti vanofanira chirongwa ( "Pascal", "C", "assembler" - pasinei nomutauro rinoshandiswa). Rimwe maturusi izvi ndiko kusika zvinogara.
The kukosha mapurogiramu zvinogara
Chii chinonzi kutenderera? Sei zvichidikanwa uye chii zvakanakira kuva programmer kana iwe kurishandisa? The kutenderera kunokosha STRUCTURAL pakuderedza chepurogiramu, izvo zvinoita kuti michina achiurayiwa imwe nhamba nezviito, akapa kuti zvaidiwa yakasimbiswa parameters. Saka, nyore muenzaniso basa kutenderera - podnesenie vamwe nhamba kuti simba. Hapana chikonzero taurira mitsara kumusoro kusvikira haingatikwaniri; nokuti michina anogona zvose ngazviitwe kwaita nacho. In muitiro zvinogara anogona kuponesa nguva yakawanda uye zvaida kushanda nesimba saka hazvisi zvakakodzera nguva dzose uye vose matanho vanyorese bumbiro remitemo achishandisa kutenderera. Simply kupinda unochinja variables uye kutanga Implementation. Asi sezvo akavaka-kutenderera zano? Kana kunyange zvakawanda? Pachavo embodiments ari kutenderera zvikuru zvizhinji - mashoko ari mubhuku pamusoro mapurogiramu, "Pascal," tichakurukura kana "assembler". Naizvozvo, setsikawo nokuti informational zvinangwa nekukatanura kupa yokungotaura zano vaviri rinofarirwa kupfuura kushandisa:
- Kutenderera pamwe postcondition.
- Loop aine precondition.
vamwe vose vari kuenda pamwero mukuru kwakaita kusiyana dzavo uye zvimwe zviitiko, saka vanofanira kunzi mune akapoteredza uye zvinangwa chaizvo. Panguva ino, ngationei kuti zvikuru nevanhu. The siyana zvinogara pamwe preconditions uye postconditions? Heino loop ane precondition:
apo «ezvinhu» kuita «yekubvuma»
General yokungotaura framework kunoita pamwe postcondition
chimiro ichi kunyora bumbiro apo opareta kutenderera pamwe postcondition Implementation mari muviri. Pakutanga zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, chaizvoizvo, nei akaisa sei pashure aurayiwe bumbiro? Asi hapana chinoshamisa ikoko rutivi chimiro ichi ndechokuti bumbiro iri akaurayiwa pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu ari akasangana kana kwete achiita. Asi chete 1 nguva. Ipapo kutevera bvunzo, kana zvose, sezvo kuva, kana kwete. Uye pasina zvakakwana ezvinhu mutumbi kutenderera ngaasatendwe. Ichi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo uye anobatsira inoti, iyo ine kutenderera pamwe postcondition. Muenzaniso chii akaudzwa uye apo unogona kuona rinoshanda Implementation vakarondedzera pano? Heuno muenzaniso kutenderera pamwe postcondition:
dzokorora
"The code"
kusvikira «Conditions»
General yokungotaura kutenderera hwaro ane precondition
Asi chinonyanya dzakakurumbira nzira iri chaizvo ichi. peculiarity Its iri yokuti nokuda kuurayiwa zvakafanira ezvinhu, pasina bumbiro iri kumbobvira vaurayiwa. Kazhinji, bumbiro remitemo iri chaizvo pose uye simba rayo zvachose inokanganisa kombiyuta unongotaura. Naizvozvo, akashandisa zvikuru manomano urongwa: zvakawanda makobiri remitemo raizoiswa zvishwe kana kunyange makirasi munhu inogutsa anouya chete panguva nguva zvakanaka. Vose nguva remitemo iri, asi regai kushandisa kombiyuta. zano Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kuponesa processing simba kuuraya chirongwa kana zvimwe zvirongwa.
Practical Implementation mu mapurogiramu mumitauro yakasiyana
A mashoko mashoma pamusoro hunoshanda kubudirira zvinogara. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa yokutanga zvose anoponesa nguva, zvose anoishandisa uye programmer. On wechipiri yave akati, nei, nei mashoko mashoma kutaura pamusoro mutengi. Chokwadi chokuti aparadzane kupinda dzakasiyana anobvumira Software nokukurumidza Takudzai uye kumhanya, uye maererano, inodzidzisa achava chete zvokutadza kufara kushandisa Software kwakadaro. Uyezve, nzira iyi, kana bumbiro remitemo anochengeterwa kutenderera kana imwevo kirasi (rinowanzova kunokonzerwa kubva muviri), uye rinobvumira kushanda kunyatsoshanda. Unofanirawo kuuya nokukurumidza zvinopupura wacho ndangariro masero. Saka, kana zvose zvaifanira kuitwa manually, zvingava kuwana nomumwe uye pane mukova rakakodzera. A loop achibvumira kakawanda kana kunyange dzakawanda dzinoderedza kuita zvose pachako. Uye anobvisa vanhu chinhu, izvo zvingaita kuti maawa vanofanira kutarira matambudziko romutemo.
mhedziso
Saka, Paaipedzisa kutaura zvose zvakanyorwa, tinogona kutaura kuti ichitanga pamwe postcondition kana pre kunoita nyore nzira kuponesa mari pasina kubayira unhu. Uye paainyora zvirongwa yakaoma, ndiyo imwe chakanakisisa programmer shamwari, achimubatsira kuti bumbiro remitemo nyore kuti aite uye kuverenga. Naizvozvo, kana kunyora bumbiro ravo asingadi vasade kushandisa kutenderera pamwe postcondition kana precondition - zvakananga zvakagadzirirwa aivabatsira chirongwa-software kwezvisikwa, uye kushanda pamusoro pake - kwete kushandisa mukana uyu.