Kwakachena zvinhu: mienzaniso. Preparation yakaisvonaka zvinhu

Our upenyu yose chaizvoizvo kuvakwa basa makemikari siyana. Yatinofema mhepo ine muzvizhinji kuti magasi akasiyana. The goho riri carbon dioxide, iyo zvino kupatsanurwa zvinomera. We mvura kana mukaka, inova musanganiswa mvura nevamwe zvinoriumba (mafuta, zvicherwa, mapuroteni, etc.).

Banal Apple - iri akagadzirwa namakemikari zvakaoma kuti anosangana nemumwe uye muviri. Mangoti chinhu anowana mudumbu yedu, zvinhu zviri chigadzirwa, hatina zvakawanda, vanotanga kutaura pamwe gastric muto. Ose chete chinhu: mumwe murume, romuriwo, mhuka - chine nezvimedu uye zvinhu. Ekupedzisira akakamurwa mhando mbiri dzakasiyana: wakachena zvinhu uye wemisanganiswa. Munyaya ino isu anofanira kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakachena uye zviri semhosva wemisanganiswa. Funga nzira nokuti kupatsanura wemisanganiswa. Uyewo kutarisa mifananidzo mienzaniso chaiyo zvinhu.

dzakachena zvinhu

Saka, muna kemisitiri dzakachena zvinhu - avo zvinhu kuti nguva dzose panofanira chete chete mhando PARTICIPLE. Uye ichi ndicho chokutanga pfuma inokosha. fuma wakachena mvura, semuenzaniso, randinogara chete mvura mamorekuru (i.e., yayo). Sezvo fuma wakachena nguva dzose ane kugara sezvamunoita. Saka, mumwe nomumwe mvura morekuru rine maatomu maviri rehydrogen uye mumwe okisijeni atomu.

The ehupfumi inokunda zvinhu, kusiyana wemisanganiswa ane chimiro yechigarire uye chitarisiko shanduko kana tsvina. kwakadonhera mvura chete ane Kubika pfungwa neGuinea mamota ari tembiricha yakakwirira. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti chero fuma chaiyo haisi zvachose pachena, nekuti kunyange yakaisvonaka aruminiyamu ane tsvina iri nziyo, kunyange ane mugove 0,001%. The mubvunzo unomuka, kuti kufunga mukanyiwa yakaisvonaka fuma? The yemaitiro nokuti kukarukureta riri sezvinotevera: - M (uremu) akachena fuma = W (wevasungwa) akachena fuma musanganiswa * / 100%.

Panewo mufananidzo wakachena zvinhu zvakadai zvikuru akanatsa zvinhu (Ultra-rakaisvonaka, mukuru-kuchena). zvinhu zvakadai zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira semiconductors mune zvakasiyana-siyana kuyera uye kadambari namano, renyukireya uye mune dzimwe minda nyanzvi dzakawanda.

Mienzaniso wakachena zvinhu

Takaona kuti yakachena fuma iri kuti rine zvinhu imwe marudzi. Muenzaniso wakanaka yakachena fuma inogona echando. Kutaura zvazviri ndicho mvura chete, asi vakasiyana kuti mvura, iyo tinosangana ose zuva, mvura yakachena zvikuru uye harina tsvina. Diamond aivawo wakachena fuma sezvo rine chete kabhoni pasina tsvina. Zvinoshandawo zvizununguke sekristaro. Zuva nezuva tatarisana asi mumwe muenzaniso yakaisvonaka yokunyorera - yakaidzwa shuga, iyo ine chimwe chete sucrose.

wemisanganiswa

Tatoona mienzaniso yakaisvonaka zvinhu uye vakachena zvinhu, zvino mberi mumwe chikamu zvinhu - wemisanganiswa. Musanganiswa - kana akawanda zvinhu zviri aivhengana. Tiri atarisana mixes nguva dzose, kunyange munguva musha. The chete they kana sipo anogadzirisa musanganiswa kuti tinoshandisa zuva nezuva. Mixtures zvinogona akasikwa nomunhu, uye angava dzinongoitika. Vane zvikukutu, mvura uye gaseous mamiriro. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvakafanana tea musanganiswa mvura, shuga uye tii ose. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso musanganiswa akasikwa murume. Mukaka wechisikigo musanganiswa, sezvahunooneka, pasina kupindira kwevanhu mune nedanho kukura uye rine zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvinoriumba.

A musanganiswa murume-inenge nguva refu refu uye zvakasikirwa pasi pokudzora kupisa vanotanga dziparare kupinda mumwe nezvimedu (mukaka Somuenzaniso, anotendeuka anovava mumazuva mashoma). Mixtures tiri rakakamurwa heterogeneous uye homogeneous. Heterogeneous wemisanganiswa vari heterogeneous, uye zvinoumba dzavo chaioneka akashama ziso uye nemaikorosikopu. wemisanganiswa vakadaro se suspensions, vari zvinozoita yakakamurwa kubudikidza kuturika (yakasimba fuma uye fuma iri mvura state) uye emulsion (mbiri zvinhu zviri mvura state). The homogeneous nezvakavhenganiswa homogeneous, uye avo mumwe zvinoriumba haagoni kunzi. Vanewo vachinzi kugadzirisa (zvinhu zvinogona kuve gaseous, mvura kana rakasimba state).

Characteristics wemisanganiswa uye vakachena zvinhu

Zvivanakire, mashoko anotaurwa tabular chimiro.

Nzira chokuwana yakachena zvinhu

Zvakasikwa, pane zvinhu zvakawanda zviri muchimiro wemisanganiswa. Ivo zvinoshandiswa pharmacology uye mumaindasitiri kugadzirwa.

Nokuti wakachena zvinhu zviri siyana kuparadzana nzira. The heterogeneous muvhenganiswa yakakamurwa pakugadzirisa uye filtration. Homogeneous wemisanganiswa vakakamurwa kwemvura uye DISTILLATION. Funga mumwe nzira yoga.

pakugadzirisa

Nzira iyi inoshandiswa kupatsanura suspensions, akadai musanganiswa remurwizi nemvura. The musimboti mukuru pamusoro izvo kunobva sedimentation rikurumidze, ndiye musiyano iri densities pakati zvinhu kuti kuparadzaniswa. Somuenzaniso, rimwe fuma zvakaoma uye mvura. Dzakasviba zvairema kupfuura mvura yakachena? jecha ichi, somuenzaniso, izvo pamusaka rayo guru uchatanga kugara kunzvimbo pasi. Saizvozvowo kuparadzana siyana emulsions. Somuenzaniso, mvura inogona kuparadzaniswa kubva mafuta muriwo kana mafuta. zvinhu izvi vari kuparadzana kwacho vanoumba chiduku firimu mvura panyika. Under Murabhoritari mamiriro, zvakafanana muitiro rinoitwa kushandisa munhu separatory fanera. Nzira iyi kupatsanura wemisanganiswa anoshanda zvakasikwa (pasina yokupindira kwevanhu). Somuenzaniso, zviri deposition kuti chin'ai uye kuputa kubva Vakazopinda mumukaka cream.

mupise

Nzira iyi ndiyo akakodzera kuwana akachena zvinhu kubva heterogeneous wemisanganiswa Somuenzaniso wemisanganiswa kwemvura nevakawanda munyu. Saka sei inonzwika apo mabasa ari muitiro anoparadzanisa musanganiswa nezvimedu? Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana solubility uye PARTICIPLE saizi.

The Sefa chakagadzirirwa kuti yaigona kupfuura chete zvacho pamwe chete kana solubility akaenzana kuti rinogona akapembera. Makuru nemamwe kukodzera nezvimedu haangaupfuuri kuburikidza Sefa uye achaita firimu. Basa Sefa unogona kuridza kwete chete kushandiswa mano uye negadziriso mukati murabhoritari, asiwo vose vanoziva zvinhu, zvakadai amakwai, marasha, calcined ivhu, chakatsikirirwa girazi nezvimwe porous zvinhu. Filters zvinoshandiswa muupenyu chaihwo zvakawanda zvakajairika kupfuura zvingaita sokuti.

Maererano nenheyo iyi anoshandira tose runozivikanwa vacuum, izvo anoparadzanisa guru tudonhwe guruva uye noungwaru zvaunoswedera diki, asingakwanisi kukuvadza mashandiro. Kana uchirwara, ipapo iwe kupfeka gauze bhandeji, izvo zvinogona dzinobvisa kubuda utachiona. Vashandi vane basa iri chokuita kupararira magasi ngozi uye guruva, vanopfeka haende kuvadzivirira muchetura.

Matambudziko ari magineti uye mvura

Nenzira iyi zvinokwanisika kuparadzana musanganiswa wesimbi upfu uye nesarufa. Nheyo kuparadzana inobva migumisiro magineti pamusoro simbi. Iron nezvimedu vanokwezvwa magineti, nepo sarufa achagara panzvimbo. Nzira chete inogona kushandiswa vaparadzane dzimwe simbi zvikamu zvachose kurema Kwakashandiswa micheka.

Kana sarufa upfu rakasangana nesimbi upfu, dira mumvura, nonwettable sarufa nezvimedu kuyangarara vakananga mvura pamusoro, ukuwo rinorema simbi pakarepo nhema pasi.

Kusimuka kwemvura uye crystallization

Nzira iyi inoshanda ane homogeneous musanganiswa, dzakadai munyu zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura. Kunoshanda dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa uye mumarabhoritari ezvinhu. Somuenzaniso, vamwe mudziva mvura yakanga Ipwa pasi kudziyisa, uye munyu kunogara panzvimbo yayo. Kubva makemikari maonero, izvi kunobva pakuti musiyano pakati zviviri zvinhu kufashaira chinonditadzisa navo sasana panguva imwe chete. Wakaparadza mvura ungadzokera hwemvura, uye munyu asara vacharamba vari zvarakanga ezvinhu.

Kana fuma kuti zvikaramba (shuga, somuenzaniso) unonyauka nokuda kudziyisa, mvura haina Ipwa chose. Musanganiswa pakutanga nenharo uye ipapo kunoguma musanganiswa akanga dzakachinjwa vanosimbirira shuga nezvimedu vakagara pasi. Dzimwe nguva zvakaoma - kupatsanurwa zvinhu rurefu Kubika pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, kuparadzana mvura kubva munyu. Panyaya iyi, kuti vaporized zvinhu kuti aunganidzwa, inotonhorera uye dzora. Nzira iyi inodaidzwa kuparadzana homogeneous wemisanganiswa nokuda DISTILLATION (kana DISTILLATION). Kune anokosha namano kuti kwakadonhera mvura. mvura kwakadaro (kwakadonhera) iri zvinowanzoshandiswa pharmacology kana motokari kutonhora enyika. Zvechokwadi, iroro nzira vanhu vari kwakadonhera doro.

chromatography

Zvapedzisira Nzira kuparadzana - chromatography. Zvinonzi inobva chokwadi kuti vamwe zvinhu zvinoodza kupinza zvimwe zvinhu zvinhu. Inoshanda sezvinotevera. Kana iwe tora bepa kana jira, iro chinhu rakanyorwa neingi nyudza chikamu mvura, uchaona zvinotevera: The mvura uchatanga absorbent mapepa kana jira, tichandokwira, asi colorant achava zvishoma shure. Muchishandisa ichi chidobi MS ruvara musayendisiti aigona kuparadzanisa chlorophyll (venhumbi anopa mutema ruvara miti) kubva mitema zvikamu chirimwa.