Beloyarsk NPP - Work uye kudzidza

Ural, 40? Km kumabvazuva Ekaterinburg ndomumwe wokutanga muSoviet Union maindasitiri renyukireya simba miti. It chakatangwa muna 1955 uye ainzi "Beloyarsk NPP." Muna 1964 akapa wokutanga simba chairema dig via-100 "Nuclear Rugare Big" inokwana 100 MW. Kubvira muna 1967, wechipiri - dig via-200. The anovhara wechitatu - BN-600 "kutsanya Nyuturoni" 600 MW - chichiwanikwa muna April 1980 Nhasi, simba chirimwa ane nhatu reactors zvenyukireya. Muna 1981 uye 1987, vaviri vokutanga dzakamiswa. In dzasara rechitatu. Nyanzvi inonzi zvakasimba reactors "Breeders", kureva "Mwene". Vakanga zvaishandiswa pakugadzira plutonium zvombo-mugiredhi kubva uranium exchange. All Western nyika nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, reactors yakadaro akamira. Uye Beloyarsk NPP chete ndiyo ichangoburwa munyika yakadaro maindasitiri chikwata imwe. Kuvimbika uye vakachengeteka yaro yakakwirira kwazvo.

Muchidimbu pamusoro reactor. Mumashoko aro anoshanda nharaunda akatakudza mafuta magungano - zirconia chubhu. Vakaisa renyukireya mafuta pellets, kazhinji uranium exchange U235. Kana vachigoverana mafuta kuva mugove mapaipi kupisa iyo yakaumbwa yavaibvisa simbi (kana kutungamirira) kana mvura pasi zvikuru (kwete yakabikwa) rinobva inopisa mapazi (dunhu rokutanga). Saka yavaibvisa ane mukuru radioactivity; kuti kunze kwayo haagari kupisa iri zvaitambidzwa yechipiri loop umo imwe simbi kana mukuru kumanikidzwa mvura. Pano, mutakuri kupisa rinopisa kusvikira reflux wechitatu mvura edunhu uye chiutsi akapa kuna turbine. Gare gare, kuvakwa mvura mumatunhu ose. Reactors simbi-metal-mvura hunonzi nengozi kupfuura mvura-haachandidi. Asi ivo vakanyanya tsindirana, saka unogona kuzvishandisa kutakurirwa. Beloyarskaya reactor kwenyukireya BN-600 mumatunhu maviri okutanga ane esimbi coolant. Last - chiutsi-yavaibvisa superheater.

Beloyarsk NPP-2 - wechipiri (uye zvakananga wechina) Powerhouse pamusoro padanho kuvakwa. Makore mana ruzivo chikwata BN-600 oparesheni uye processing mashoko akapiwa zvakakonzera chisarudzo kuwedzera vaviri - BN-800 uye BN-1200. Mushure paChernobyl tsaona, mabasa awa vakarega, asi basa racho rakaramba kuchinja. Muna 2007, kuvakwa vatangazve.

BN-800 hadzisisina aiendeswa mberi kushanda kubva "Nyuturoni kutsanya" ano, uye migumisiro yakanaka vakawana nayo, vachaparidza:

- kuumba namahwindo mafuta kutenderera simba renyukireya zvinomera;

- anopfuura 50-nedanga kuwedzera kubudiswa atopedzera uranium exchange, ichipa huni renyukireya simba miti nyika;

- tsvina yenyukireya zvishomanana ichida, kushandisa asiri radioactive uranium exchange U238 nenzvimbo dzokurasira;

- Empty chinotsva riparadzirwe plutonium kubva namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara zvenyukireya warheads.

Beloyarsk NPP chete mutsva simba vezvikwata nokuda 2022 achava inokwana 2600 MW. Mumakore anotevera, kuchatanga kuvaka chinogumbura nhamba 5 - BN-1200.

Pakutuma wandei BN-1200 reactors mune ichi nezvimwe zvinomera uye kusanganisira emakambani kutenderera inobereka huni yenyukireya, vanoumba kwegadziriro mukugadzira zvakafanana. Saka Russia achapa pachavo uye ushamwari nyika huni ichi kwemazana emakore. Beloyarsk NPP ngakuitike yaro yakakodzera iri kutenderera, sezvo ayo vamapoka rakasiyana-siyana experimental tsika zvinogadzirisa chitsva simba zvekutepfenyura ari rugare atomu.