Labor kudzivirirwa - chii ichi? Labor kuchengetedzwa nemitemo. Occupational yakachengeteka kuenda kukireshi

Occupational Safety uye Health - mitemo zvainanga nekukudziridza ushamwari yakachengeteka uye kugadzirwa mabasa. Yekuwana zvakanyorwa mabasa akasiyana-siyana. We inotevera sei kuti pave OSH utariri.

normative garo

kubva dzemunharaunda nezvaro magwaro akadai:

• Labor kuchengetedzwa nemitemo.
• Instructions uye akarayira hushumiri uye madhipatimendi.
• Mitemo.
• Collective zvibvumirano.

Mabasa aya ane zvokudya:

1. Dare sangano uye kuronga basa iri mafekitari.
2. Nokuvumba muripo uye makomborero vanobatanidzwa mune ngozi (ngozi) maindasitiri.
3. Fanira zvinodiwa kuti TB uye utsanana.
4. Anosimbisa basa vanhu kutyorwa mitemo nemirayiro kumabasa.
5. Yokudzora mabasa supervisory uye pamutemo nezviremera.

Occupational Safety uye Health of Russian Federation

Sezvo zvinhu normative gwaro zvinoenderana nechipimo iyi nyasha TC. It zvakakwana uye dzakawanda akafukidza nenyaya chokuita kudzivirira basa. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hurumende iri Kunyatsoteerera mamiriro ezvinhu umo vari kushumira kune zuva nezuva mabhizimisi akawanda. TC rine zvikamu zvinoverengeka. Mumwe nomumwe wavo inosanganisira mitemo zvimwe okuwana. Nokudaro, Code anoita nokushanda maawa purogiramu uye kurangwa, kudzivirira kodzero dzevashandi, zvemagariro Kudyidzana uye zvichingodaro.

General mbuva

Chikamu chino Code kunoratidza pfungwa "kudzivirira basa". Tsanangudzo iyi inosanganisira kodzero mushandi kuna:

- zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti utsanana uye vakachengeteka;

- zororo;

- nekuripira zvakakanganisika, iyo yakawanikwa mukufamba kwavo nyanzvi basa;

- social inishuwarenzi kurovererwa;

- pamutemo kudzivirirwa uye zvichingodaro.

chibvumirano

The TC kuti Gwaro opedza rose chikamu. Saka, zvinonzi pa kwemamiriro chibvumirano panguva kupinda zvebhizimisi rinofanira chairayirwa zvechadenga kushanda kwezvakatipoteredza, makomborero aya uye muripo (ari chiitiko kuti basa rinoitwa pasi pokudzora ngozi uye hunokuvadza zvikonzero pamusoro), zvakajairika kwadzinoita uye purogiramu mabasa (kana ivo vakasiyana mureza iri kambani), zvinhu uye mhando mumagariro inishuwarenzi. The chibvumirano anobvumirwa kupinda vagari vanenge zvasvika nemakore 16. Kubvumirwa wemasaini uye vanhu makore 15 okuberekwa pavachawana talk dzidzo kana mberi nezvidzidzo zvavo neimwe chirongwa chikuru, kuwedzera yakazara, chimiro. Panyaya iyi, chibvumirano chinofanira akasaina kuti aurayiwe mugari wenyika nyore kushanda, pasina rusaruro kune utano hwake. Tichitungamirirwa mvumo mubereki, muchengeti kana anobatsira chibvumirano vangava chinoguma munhu nemakore 14. The chibvumirano iri nemasaini iyi, kuti aite chiedza basa ravo kupembedza nguva pakudzidza.

basa kudzivirirwa

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvikamu TC. Maererano nenyaya yacho, vanhu vose kuuya kubasa kana transferable mumwe chinzvimbo, musoro zvebhizimisi kana mushandi mvumo naye, unofanira kuitisa murayiridzo yekare. The mushandirwi vanosungirwa kupa Occupational yakachengeteka mitemo, uye vashandi ari zvebhizimisi - kuzivana navo. Chokwadi kurairirwa ndee mumagazini zvakakodzera. Nguva nenguva, kambani inofanira kupupurirwa OSH. Rinosanganisira hunoshanda matanho anobatsira kuziva nenhanho unoda vashandi kuti zvibereko mabasa. Kana mushandi kushanda anokuvadza kana ngozi ezvinhu, kuti mushandirwi anosungirwa kuronga kurovedzwa kwake. Somuenzaniso, utano uye kuchengeteka mukushanda magetsi zvivako inosanganisira Vanosarudzwa Briefings, kudzidzisa purogiramu, pashure izvo mushandi unowana kuwana akakodzera nzvimbo.

Rights uye nokubatira vashandi vari yekare

Protection vashandi kunosimbiswa pakutanga, musoro vachida. The mitemo inopa vashandi pamwe nekodzero uye anovapa basa munharaunda utano. The zvihombe vanosanganisira:

• The kodzero kumabasa kuti akasununguka pasimba ngozi kana zvinokuvadza zvikonzero kuti, kuti vawane mashoko pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu pakubata kwake, kuchengetedza zvinhu tichiregeredza yacho mushandirwi, zvinokufadza iri nomazvo supervisory simba rokuita yokurohwa kwavo yokushanda ezvinhu.
• Nokuchengeta mushandi kutevedza mitemo zvinodiwa uye nezvaanoda. Zvikurukuru, chinofanira kutevera kunenge vanoshanda utano kuzivisa masimba pamusoro zvashata kunoitika, pakarepo dzinoshuma tsaona.

Zvinodiwa Kuti mushandirwi

Mumwe zvebhizimisi chirongwa musi Occupational kuchengeteka uye utano zvinofanira kukudziridzwa. Unosanganisira ose matanho nechokwadi ngozi kwezvakatipoteredza. OSH chirongwa anofanira chikwata pamwechete supervisory zviremera uye takanyatsoomerera mune kambani. Mushandirwi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vanofanira:

• Huchaunza nzvimbo vashandi mukudzora vakachengeteka upenyu hwevanhu uye utano hwavo.
• Kuronga nguva vanachiremba bvunzo tichiregeredza zvavakanga vachida kuita.
• Kuita Briefings pamusoro vakachengeteka matanho uye mitemo, setifaya vashandi nenguva nenzira.
• Ipai vashandi pamwe kudzivirirwa zvakakwana.

Wandei utano macheki vari fanira anoratidza kuti kubvuma kuti hurumende. Zvikurukuru, utano uye kuchengeteka mune Dow inosanganisira dzose kuongorora nyanzvi. matanho akadaro anodiwa inonzi yakachengeteka kwete chete nevadzidzisi nevamwe vashandi, asiwo vana vanogara tsika. In nemasangano, supervisory zviremera ukanyatsoongorora sei Occupational utano uye kuchengeteka. The Dow nyanzvi anofanira kungoonekwa kuziva TB Manual, kuti kukwanisa nechokwadi yakachengeteka vadzidzi.

Order uye kurangwa

chino Code rinotaura dzinokosha mitemo zvainanga zvaidiwa kuMudzidzisi zvinodiwa TB. Kukanganisa basa kurangwa rinobatanidza nokuiswa pamusoro vaya vanhu - kubva mashoko uye kutsiurwa kuti kudzingwa. Kana kukundikana pedyo basa zvinodiwa inogona kushandawo administrative matanho.

zera muganhu

Features zvinopa yakachengeteka uchishandisa zvakatipoteredza vanhu pasi pemakore 18 vari yaidzorwa akaparadzana Chikamu TC a. Mariri, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inotaura zvausingakwanisi kuita uye kubatsira chokuita mubvunzo kubva nomumwe zera muchikwata. Zvikurukuru, vagari havabvumirwi kushandisa basa makore 18 panguva emakambani inorema, dzechimwe kana zvinokuvadza ezvinhu. It haabvumirwi kubatanidza navo mabasa pachivande, uyewo kukwanisa kukuvadza avo tsika kukura. Zvinonzi rambidzwa kutumira vashandi vasina kusvika makore 18, panzendo dzebhizimisi, kubatanidza maawa okuwedzera, basa usiku, nokuti basa pamazororo uye kwevhiki. Annual anosiya Uchapiwa kuti vanhu vakadaro kwete asingasviki 31 mazuva (karenda).

Collective zvibvumirano uye zvibvumirano

Chikamu ichi anosarudza mukana kupinda nechibvumirano pakati yakawiriranwa mitoro yacho mushandirwi uye mushandi vakarondedzera kuvandudzika kwekushanda ezvinhu uye basa kudzivirira. Izvi, nezvimwe Mapato, anouya kuyaruka uye vakadzi. Rinotaurawo rinoti kodzero dzevashandi kuti mazano ari kukura uye nyore seboka zvibvumirano.

mumagariro inishuwarenzi

Essential mukuita yekare ine FL, yokudzora zvinofanira rokumanikidzirwa inishuwarenzi vashandi pamusoro tsaona mukufamba mabasa avo vachida. Maererano zvokudya vashandi vayo inofanira kuchengetedzwa zvisinei chimiro varidzi wekambani. Izvi zvinoita kuti tiwane nekuripira kukuvara kunokonzerwa noutano kuti aite kugadzirwa mabasa.

Bt zvinodiwa maitiro

murau uyu ndiwo mumwe chikuru Occupational utano uye kuchengeteka. Sezvo chikamu hurongwa chendangariro kuita of Bt nokurondedzerwa uye zvekushandisa mapepa, kusanganisira utano uye kuchengeteka zvinodiwa Occupational uye nezvaanoda. Standards kungava zvomunharaunda (rakagadzirirwa imwe kambani), bhizimisi, mamiriro. Industry mitemo dzinokudziridzwa maererano peculiarities imwe zvoupfumi zvekutepfenyura. Vanogona kuva inoomesera kupfuura avo varipo vari nhengo mueni.

Achiita uye ekufambisa mamiriro

Maererano zvinokosha basa mutemo, mutoro paumbwe hakukuvadzi uye njodzi kushanda ezvinhu panguva zvebhizimisi hwakapiwa nehurumende yake. Iyewo, kunofanira kutungamirirwa zvinodiwa yekare. Mirayiro pamusoro basa kudzivirira kunogona muchinjikwa sectoral uye saizvozvo sectors zvose upfumi hwenyika. Rinoronga pokumuka mabasa awa Health Ministry of Russia.

Mirayiro pamusoro basa kudzivirira inogona kubvumirwa kwenguva yakati nguva kana nokusingaperi. Mirayiridzo Typical tinogamuchirwa ne mvumo nechepakati Executive (yeUnited) simba pasi risati sungano dzaishandiswa mibatanidzwa. mirau iyi dzinokudziridzwa maererano muchinjikwa sectoral uye sectoral mitemo yekare uye kwete kuti kupikisana navo. Systematization uye chizvidavirire rinopa ichangobva Health Ministry, mureza mirayiridzo - yeUnited Executive miviri.

Cherechedzo uye masimba

Nyaya idzi kuitwa mvumo masangano. Izvi zvinosanganisira miviri hurumende uye kuongorora. basa ravo riri yakazvimirira bhizimisi vatungamiri, uyewo vakuru yavo yakakwirira. The nechepakati nemamiriro nevarikutonga (yeUnited) Zviremera aite kudzora kuchengetwa yemirau mureza uye maindasitiri mitemo kubva nemasangano hwakanyatsorwisa omurume nemasangano. Kutarisira kuurayiwa mabasa vemunharaunda pamusoro zvebhizimisi anoisa pamusoro wake, vakuru madhipatimendi, vatungamiriri chikwata uye dzimwe sarudzo anotyisa.

Features mureza Mirayiridzo

Gwaro nomumwe achatakura nezita uye nhamba. Mirayiridzo vashandi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvikamu:

• General zvinodiwa.
• Mirayiro pamberi shanduko.
• TB mu mberi.
• Maitiro panguva yokukurumidzira ezvinhu.
• TB shutdown.

Sections dzinoitwa kuti yakananga ezvinhu kuti imwe mushandi kana kirasi revashandi. Shanduro nhungamiro yaifanira kanenge kamwe ose 5 makore zvavo mabhizimisi uye kamwe pamakore matatu - nokuti ngozi maindasitiri.

Kana zvinodiwa handishanduki, musoro kuMudzidzisi nyaya murayiro (kuitira) kuwedzera expiry musi. Unit misoro vanofanira kuva magwaro normative, kusanganisira - uye mirayiridzo vashandi maererano ounyanzvi hwokugadzira, uye mazita mabasa avo, aifarirwa kwokubatsira zvavakanga vachida kuita. The zvinodiwa anogona akapa risiti vashandi kudzidza panguva kwokutanga vazotaura, re pamusoro nzvimbo kana mumabhatiri pindika munzvimbo.