Legal mbuva chokuita ruzivo. date kudzivirirwa

Kubudirira musayenzi uye kwesayenzi mberi panguva ino padariro mumagariro pakukura kuratidza mumunda mashoko michina yose kubudirira kwevanhu. Mumwe mukuru Zvakawanikwa munzvimbo iyi, hapana mubvunzo, ichakurukurwa sezvo chidzoke uye kukura Indaneti, zvinhu uye zvinogonekwa izvo tichingotarisira kukura.

Positive uye zvinhu zvisingafadzi kukura mashoko michina munzanga

The rakanaka rinoitwa kukura vanhu ruzivo hazvirambiki uye zvakaoma anofanira kugadziriswa, asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti vose nebudiriro zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi, sezvinoita mutemo, pane zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa mumativi. Uyewo, munhu yoga nyaya ndiyo yepamutemo mitemo maringe ruzivo.

Maererano muvanhu mashoko, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kukura uye kuvandudzika wegadziriro kutaurirana Links pakati vanhu kwete chete optimizes muitiro kuwana data, asiwo kuti pave zvirongwa zvitsva pakukurukurirana. Muchiitiko ichi akambokanganiswa zvimwe miganhu pachedu. Pane dambudziko kuchengetedza oga pakugadzirwa uye kuvandudzika muvanhu mashoko, kuvaka pamusoro kwemitemo chokuita ruzivo.

Chiitiko nevazhinji mutsika uye kuwana ruzivo "simba"

Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino kunokoshawo ndechokuti kukura dzinonzi uremu tsika - the socio-tsika chinoumba pachayo zvakawanda. Zvichienderana dzidziso maindasitiri Toffler, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti kupararira vakawanda netsika Western nzanga iri XX remakore rakanga yakafanira, kune rumwe rutivi, zvinhu zvakadai kukura urbanization, vakawanda kuverenga, kuwandisa vanobudisa nhau, uye kuno rumwe - kukura mupfungwa kusanzwa uye kushushikana, chokuita intensification pakubhadhara dzakawanda basa, uyewo kuwandisa mutengi tsika munzanga.

Saka, mukurumbira tsika nemagariro ari kuvavarira kuvandudza sangano, kuwana zivo itsva, ndine mashoko matsva kupa mukana mukuru kune zvinhu uye mikana munzanga. Chaizvoizvo, vakawanda kuwana zvinhu dzaichimbova ropafadzo yacho vepamusoro munzanga. Saizvozvowo, kugona zviwanikwa mhando ichi, mutsika dzakakurumbira, uye awana hurumende itsva, pamwe chete chezvinhu zvinokosha ezvinhu nesimba anova penhaka akakodzera mashoko, uyewo mashoko kuchengeteka.

Mufambo uye Accessibility

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pakafunuka uye kufamba pamusoro mashoko iwayo, izvo pari muridzi (uye Tingangonyanya mubatirire) vanobudisa mutengi, ari kumusoro chaizvo. Panyaya iyi, kudzivirira mashoko havakwanisi nhasi. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti Kuwanikwa mashoko akadaro hapasi kushandiswa nevavariro dzakanaka. Zvinosuruvarisa, magariro uye tsika yazvino mashoko mutengi ndizvo kure wakakwana. Panyaya iyi, rinooneka kunomutsa mubvunzo kwete mukana yokuwana data, asiwo pamusoro mitemo yavo uye zvakavanzika, kunyanya vanenge apo Kuwanikwa munhu anotyora kodzero yekuvanzika kwezvine uye zvinokosha mutemo chokuita mashoko.

Chinetso date oga evanhu vemazuva ano

Mumwe mamiriro ezvinhu kuramba kusada mashoko nzvimbo iri rezvedzidzo pfuma - mudzidziso nomurayiro kodzero rezvedzidzo pfuma uye kukura achishandisa mashoko kudzivirirwa.

Maererano nyaya 1228 of Civil Code, munyori mugumisiro nokuda rezvedzidzo basa ndiye mugari uyo basa rokusika akasika Somugumisiro yakadaro. Intellectual pfuma mitemo pamwe kuvimba nomutemo mitemo chokuita mashoko muenzaniso ndiye vanyori vanoshandisa migumisiro njere uye zvakasikwa basa panguva yayo kungwara uye kubvumira kana vachiramba kushandisa kwavo nevamwe.

Category Copyright

Uyewo, njere pfuma kunosanganisira kodzero chokuita Copyright. Pakati pavo - kodzero vatambi kushanda, phonogram vaburitsi, kana masangano waya nhepfenyuro, vaparidzi, Database vaburitsi, patents,-siyana maindasitiri mazano, utility yokutevedzera, mazita kutengeserana, trademarks, zviratidzo, basa mavanga.

mhenyu nyaya

Panguva iyoyo, mashoko rikwanise dambudziko piracy mashoko nokuti kuti mashoko kuchengetedzwa, akapa kukura kwemichina yekufambisa mashoko yechizvino, haagoni kupiwa zvakakwana. Nyaya rakaoma kwete chete nokuda kukura dzakasiyana-siyana software, iyo inopa mikana yakakwana kuti network ugororo. Individual kunzwisisa ndiko kushaya pachena zvinodiwa kuti Pakusarudza mutemo pamusoro date dziviriro. Pakati Mhando zvisiri pamutemo kushandisa usashandisa vangazivikanwa sezvo zvisiri pamutemo pakuunganidza uye pakuburitswa kwemashoko zvigadzirwa. Data Protection Act uye kuti, uye mumwe pezvinhu somunhu kukanganisa pamusoro Copyright.

zvisiri pamutemo kutora

- Softlifting ( "nyarara kuba") - kuzviwanira munhu marezinesi kopi usashandisa uye achiiisa makombiyuta akawanda ari kutyora chibvumirano pakati rezinesi chibvumirano.

- Mapfumo Client Access - vanotenga sangano marezinesi Software iiswe imwe kana makombiyuta (kana kuti iiswe pamusoro Server kuti vashomanana nemakasitoma yemakambani rezvebonde), asi chaiwo kugadzwa nekambani server yokutanga kuiwana zvakawanda vanoshandisa pane raanotaura rezinesi chibvumirano.

Software Distribution

- Internet piracy - kuisa mamwe zvokutenga-software zvigadzirwa paIndaneti (kuitira kuti chero achiputa web anokwanisa kukopa kana kutevedzera software), uyewo rakazaruka kuwana pirated Software (kana kutengesa navanopinda nzvimbo Network).

- chitsotsi kana counterfeiting - inopiwa replicating zvisiri pamutemo kopi marezinesi Software (mu iyi yakadaro kopi rezinesi iri rakapa uye mvumo).

- vasiri pamutemo kungatonziwo pamusoro-software kuti zvokunze vezvenhau (disks, ndangariro makadhi) kuti aparadzirwe (kana kutengesa), asi muchiitiko chino kopi haifaniri rakapa nokuda yepakutanga.

- Copy uye kutengesa-software pagondobwe kwavakazoita Implementation pamwe Hardware (kana mwanda nevamwe zvirongwa).

- Sales pachavo makombiyuta iiswe unlicensed software.

- Kushandiswa non-ezvokutengeserana Software zvebhizimisi zvinangwa. Software Arakure vakatengwa rezinesi ane dzidzo kana rezinesi ane shoma yezvokutengeserana kushandiswa (mu iyi kutyora rezinesi mazwi). On rubatsiro urwu, yakanyorerwa masangano dzidzo, ave mutemo, inokosha discounts.

- Factory piracy - Sale unaccounted kuti surpluses uye "kuparadzwa" anomhanya chirimwa wacho goho. Izvi mhando piracy kunoitika apo chirimwa unobereka nhamba huru makopi chigadzirwa, pane vaiva nekodzero (kana panyaya ukabvisa vakasara consignment). zvinogadzirwa zvakadai havasi zvaiona gare gare zvisiri pamutemo kutengeswa.

Legal hwaro michina date dziviriro

Technical kudzivirira mashoko muchishandisa mirayiro:

- "The kudzivirirwa kunze komutemo kuwana mashoko uye tsanangudzo mazwi.". Sachigaro chisarudzo Russian State Technical Commission (30.03.1992).

- "zvoga Systems Technology Information Protection pakuparwa mvumo yekuwana zvoga kupatsanura maitiro uye ruzivo kuchengeteka zvinodiwa ..." Sachigaro chisarudzo Russian State Technical Commission (30.03.1992).

- "Computer michina Firewalls Dzivirirai pamusoro kunze komutemo kuwana kudzivirira zviratidzi pamusoro kunze komutemo kuwana mashoko ...." Sachigaro chisarudzo Russian State Technical Commission (25.07.1997).

- "pakudzivirira mashoko ezvinhu chokuita kunze komutemo kuwana Software Ezvemutauro mashoko kuchengeteka kupatsanura pamwero kudzora kusavapo undeclared zvinhu ..." Sachigaro chisarudzo Russian State Technical Commission (04.06.1999).

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti hwokugadzira kudzivirira mashoko pari iri havaratidzi formalized basa. Nemamwe mashoko, yokupedzisira ine musingaitwi nzira kuti kugadzirisa nhasi.

Specificity matambudziko pakuronga hwokugadzira kudzivirira

- The guru zvinoverengeka kuti itibatsire rokuvaka anobudirira mashoko kuchengeteka.

- Difficulties mu pave chaiwo chepakutanga chiyamuro Data.

- Difficulties mu kwemasvomhu nzira kuwana optimum zvawanikwa kuti uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. chiyamuro Data.

tsanangudzo yokuti dambudziko zvedzidzo pfuma

Kutsigiswa mumutemo mutemo mashoko nevakangwara kodzero varege zvakakwana iteererwe. Kuwedzera zvokutanga kubiridzira pane mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu apo mhinduro kuchengetedza kodzero iyi zvizere inongova zvisingaiti nokuti unoreva zvakawanda.

Somuenzaniso, mumwe matambudziko nyaya kuona pamutemo zvinodiwa kuchengetedza ruzivo chinhu neizvi ouinjiniya Software tsika (chirongwa nadzurudzo, kugamuchira makiyi, kushandiswa algorithms uye ekisipoti, uye mamwe mashoko private). Kudivi rimwe, neizvi ouinjiniya Software anoshumira achibatsira yedzidzo mudziyo, panorumwe - iri sechinhu kukanganisa pamusoro Copyright kuti usashandisa yekubvuma. To musi, hapana ruzivo pamusoro kuedza kuratidza mudare kururama kwemashoko mukutonga neizvi okugadzira. Kurwisana izvi hazvina kugadziriswa pavazhe, uye chero bedzi mamiriro ezvinhu haachinji, kukurukurirana pamusoro legality uye tsika kuti inofambiswa Software kukura acharamba.