List kuti matombo earufabheti

Mabwe mamineral dzavo yeimwe. Hazvibviri kufungidzira redu pasina zvicherwa chaizvoizvo dzichiumbwa nayo.

Grading maitiro

Govera akawandisa kwemarudzi dzinoita vari mapoka mapoka. Majini anokudzwa:

• sedimentary;
• metamorphic;
• magmatic.

Recent mugove mumwe mapoka matatu:

• plutonic;
• hypabyssal;
• kuputika.

Subgroups inogona kukamurwa:

• anovava;
• svikiro;
• zvinhu;
• ultrabasic.

Zvinenge zvisingaiti kuti anyore rakazara dombo, kufungisisa zvose zviripo pasi pano, saka vazhinji vavo. Munyaya ino tichashandisa kuti vachiedza maumbirwo ruzivo pamusoro kupfuura zvinofadza uye zvakafanana marudzi.

Metamorphic pamatombo: Pamazita

Avo akaumba pasi pokudzora goko pasi runowanzoitika endogenous kwendangariro. Sezvo kutendeuka kunoitika apo zvinhu zviri yakasimba chokutambudzika, ivo nemaziso unnoticeable. Munguva kuchinja, mamiriro, magadzirirwo, Zvinoumba padombo yepakutanga. kuchinja kwakadaro kwakaitika, unofanira mubatanidzwa zvakanaka:

• kudziyisa;
• kumanikidzwa;
• zvazviri magasi, zvingaitwa.

There metamorphism:

• zvenharaunda;
• The kuonana;
• hydrothermal;
• pneumatolytic;
• metamorphism.

Zvinotevera mazita dombo alphabetically kuti boka iri zvicherwa.

amphibolites

zvicherwa aya yakaumbwa nevanhu hornblende uye plagioclase. tepi yokutanga semhosva silicate. Nemaziso amphibolites - a shale kana arrays mavara kubva yerima rwegirini dema. Ruvara kunoenderana sei zvakawanda murima chitsvuku zvinoriumba varipo vari Zvinoumba zvicherwa. Secondary zvicherwa veboka iri:

• magirinedhi;
• magnetite;
• titanium;
• zoisite.

gneiss

In ayo mamiriro, gneiss girenayiti pedyo chaizvo. Nemaziso kusiyanisa zvicherwa izvi zviviri kubva mumwe haisi nguva dzose zvichibvira, sezvo girenayiti uye gneiss makopi achiuya kwaari panyama parameters. Asi mutengo zviri kuderedza gneiss.

Gneisses vari nevakawanda kuwanika, saka kushandisa rokuvaka. Zvicherwa zviri zvakasiyana-siyana uye aesthetic. Density kumusoro, saka ibwe inogona kushandiswa kongiri uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa.. Kana chiduku porosity uye pasi Absorção de Água gneiss makawedzera kuramba kuoma nechando. Sezvo kwevhu ndiyewo diki, kushandiswa zvicherwa kutenderwa kuva nemamiriro.

shales

Kuita pasi padombo, pakati metamorphic chokwadi kuzotaura schists. Govera marudzi zvakadai, yakadai se:

• ivhu;
• rekristaro;
• talc;
• chlorite.

Nokuda kujairika marongerwo uye aesthetics pabwe, mumakore achangopfuura, asi pabhodhi razova chinhu chinokosha decoration zvinhu zvaishandiswa pakuvaka.

Shales - a nani guru boka, izvo vanoumba matombo. List kwazvakaita mazita kuti uchipinda kushandiswa nevanhu zvakasiyana zvinangwa (kunyanya kuvaka, kugadziriswa, vakiridzo):

• siltstone;
• zlatalit;
• serpantinitovy;
• gneiss;
• phyllitic uye PAMATOMBO.

quartzite

ibwe iri ichinyatsozivikanwa raro, sezvo Goldstone achiumbwa pamwe kuwedzera tsvina. Kuvakwa quartzite sandstone kana kutanga zvinhu zvicherwa Goldstone kutsiviwa munguva remunharaunda metamorphism.

Zvakasikwa, quartzite akawana hwakasimba inotungamirwa. Kakawanda marara:

• hematite;
• girenayiti;
• nesilicon;
• magnetite;
• Mika.

The vakapfuma deposits inowanikwa:

• US;
• India;
• Russia;
• Canada.

The chikuru zviri zvicherwa:

• nemishonga kuti chando, mwando, kutonhora;
• simba;
• kuchengeteka, kwezvakatipoteredza ushamwari;
• mukurumari;
• kuramba alkalis, acids.

Philly

Kwete mudukusa ndandanda padombo ndohwavo phyllites. Anogara ane zvenguva nzvimbo pakati nevhu uye Mika schists. The acho gobvu nomucheka-grained. Muchiitiko chino, mabwe pachena crystalline, vari dzinoratidzwa raidudzwa schistosity.

Phyllites vane silky Sheen. Ruvara Zano - black, noruvara pfumbu. Zvicherwa rwakakamukana matete Slabs. Senzira phyllites kusunungura:

• Mica;
• sericite.

Angava zviyo crystals:

• albite;
• andalusite;
• mutamba;
• Goldstone.

Rich deposits kuti phyllite kuFrance, England uye United States.

Sedimentary pamatombo: Pamazita

Zvicherwa veboka iri dziri zvikurukuru pamusoro pemvura. Nokuti paumbwe zvinotevera ezvinhu anofanira akasangana:

• pasi tembiricha;
• kunonaya.

Kune zvitatu nemagene subtypes:

• clastic anomirira zvinonyadzisa mabwe vakaumba kutsemuka matombo;
• nevhu, mavambo iyo chokuita kuchinja zvicherwa mapoka "silicate" uye "aluminosilicate";
• biohemo-, chemo-, organogenic. Kwakadaro maitiro deposition vari akaumbwa zvakakodzera mhinduro. Izvi zvakare kutora chinoshingaira chikamu nemaziso zvinenge kwete chete, makemikari zvinhu. Nezvebasa rinokosha tsvina.

Kubva chemogenic kusunungurwa:

• halides;
• sulfate.

List kuti matombo subgroup iyi:

• gypsum;
• anhydrite;
• sylvinite;
• zvizununguke munyu;
• carnallite.

Chinonyanya kukosha sedimentary pamatombo:

• Dolomite, reraimu-kufanana batana.
• Yematombo zvinosanganisira potassium carbonate pamwe admixture mumwechete uwandu inclusions uye magnesium. Parameters pamusoro chicherwa chikuva, pakutsvaga nziyo uye mamiriro, uyewo chicherwa unaku. A chinokosha - zvakawedzera dziine compressive simba.
• Sandstone akaumba chicherwa sejecha interconnected zvinhu rwokuzvarwa mavambo. Mukurumari ibwe anoenderana admixtures uye chii fuma ndokuva bhainda.

Volcanic matombo

Iva nechokwadi kuti kuputika matombo zvinofanira kutaurwa. The mazita nezvibereko kwakadaro, kusanganisira pano zvicherwa kuumbwa panguva kuputika kwemakomo. In kusunungurwa ichi:

• effusive;
• clastic;
• kuputika.

chikamu chokutanga, aizivikanwawo dombo kuputika, zvinosanganisira:

• andesite;
• basalt;
• diabase;
• liparite;
• trachea.

By pyroclastic, kuti detrital, chinzvimbo:

• breccia;
• tuffs.

Anenge munhu azere earufabheti mazita kuputika padombo mhando:

• anorthosite;
• girenayiti;
• gabbro;
• diorite;
• dunite;
• Komati;
• latites;
• monzonite;
• obsidian;
• pegmatite;
• peridotite;
• perlite;
• pumice;
• rhyolite;
• syenite;
• tonalite;
• petrosilex;
• gang.

Organic matombo

Kubva zvisaririra zvipenyu zvinhu inoumbwa Organic pamatombo, ndandanda chiri zvakarurama kunotanga rinonyatsooneka zvinhu - choko. matombo aya ndezvaJehovha kare kukurukurwa pamusoro boka sedimentary uye zvinokosha kwete chete maererano applicability kugadzirisa siyana mabasa evanhu, asi uyewo mufumi matongo zvinhu.

The subspecies kukosha kwaiita paruware - choko. Zviri dzakakurumbira kwazvo uye kushingaira kushandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, makanyorwa pamatanda muzvikoro.

Mel akaumba calcite, chakange kare yaiva anoshongwa vaigara yekare mumakungwa coccolithophorids algae. Ndivo nemaziso zvinenge zvakawanda vaigara redu mamiriyoni zana apfuura. Panguva iyoyo, mashoko algae anogona kushambira vakasununguka munyika yakakura iri inodziya gungwa. Kufa, nemaziso zvinenge achiwira pasi, pova batana rukoko. Dzimwe nzvimbo akapfuma deposits pamusoro sediments, pane mazana metres ukobvu uye zvakawanda. Akanakisisa kuvazivisa ndivo zvikomo choko:

• Volga;
• French;
• Chirungu.

By kudzidza Cretaceous matombo, masayendisiti akawana zvisaririra navo:

• gungwa urchins;
• dzemugungwa;
• sechipanji.

Kazhinji, inclusions izvi - kunongova shoma muzana nhamba Akaongorora nesuko, kuti vakadaro zvinoriumba regai kukanganisa parameters pakati rudzi. Pashure pokudzidza Cretaceous deposits, kuti geologist anowana ruzivo pamusoro:

• zera erudzi;
• mbiru mvura yaiva pamberi;
• Mamiriro ezvinhu kuti kare yaivapo akadzidza munharaunda.

Igneous matombo

Under magmatism unonyanyozivikanwa kunzwisiswa sezvo raora kuti mananara anokonzerwa magma uye mabasa ayo. Magma - a silicate uchanyangadika, tinongonzwa chipo iri mvura, pedyo moto. Sezvo chikamu magma pane mukuru chikamu kugadzikana zvinhu. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pane mhando:

• asiri silicate;
• nizkosilikatnye.

Kana magma inotonhodza uye crystallizes, pane igneous matombo. Ivo vaakadanawo igneous.

Govera erudzi:

• intrusive;
• effezivnye.

First kuumbwa panguva kudzika kukuru, uye wechipiri - panguva kuputika, kureva zvakananga panguva nyika pevhu.

Kazhinji sezvo chikamu magma ane zvakasiyana siyana pamatombo, yakanyauka uye hwakakanyiwa silicate gobvu. Izvi wakatsamwisa:

• kukwidza tembiricha panyika mukobvu;
• pumped kumanikidzwa;
• Tikafunga zvinhu.

The klassiske shanduro magmatic matombo - granite. Nechekare zita rake chairo muchiLatin - "moto" inomiririra kuti erudzi racho hwepakutanga aiva inopisa. Granite zvikuru anoongwa kwete chete nokuda kwayo hwokugadzira parameters (iyi ndiyo kusimba yakasimba), asiwo nokuda kworunako, nokuda crystalline inclusions.