Glaciology - sayenzi chii? Kuti kudzidza glaciologist?

Glaciology - sayenzi chii? Chii kuita nyanzvi kuti vazoshanda mumunda ichi? Ngatiedzei kuwana mhinduro yemibvunzo iyi uye nezvimwewo.

Glaciology kudzidza?

Izwi iri rinobva pane rechiLatin mashoko "glyatsies" - chando, uye "Logos" - dzidziso shoko. Glaciology - sayenzi chando kuti akaumba inongoitika ezvinhu pamusoro pemvura nyika, vari lithosphere, mhepo uye hydrosphere.

The mabasa basa sayenzi zvinosanganisira:

• kudzidza zvinhu nokuumbwa chando, zvinhu chokuvapo kwavo;
• kudzidza nziyo, Zvivako echando panyama;
• nokuongorora Geological anokonzerwa mazizaya panyika pevhu;
• kudzidza nenzvimbo kugovera echando idzodzo.

Glaciology - sayenzi chando kuti zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe wefizikisi, zvemaumbirwo. Nyanzvi munyaya ino vari zvinowanzoshandiswa nzira makanika ose Geographical Sciences.

Nhoroondo inotungamirwa sayenzi

Tanga dzidziso vakaisa akakurumbira Swiss kukwira gomo, geologist uye zvakasikwa Oras Benedikt of Saussure. Zvinangwa uye nyaya itsva tsvakurudzo kuitika iye akafukunurwa ake basa ruoko-akanyorwa "Rwendo kusvika Alps." Basa anoita masayendisiti munguva kubva 1779 kusvikira 1796-fung gore.

Dzinenge Pakuurayiwa zvinetso inotarisana glaciologist, chakatsanangurwa muna 19 remakore fung. Zvisinei, panguva ino, masayendisiti vakanga vasina hurongwa zvinhu pamusoro mazitombo echando. Not zvakakwana nyanzvi ruzivo pamusoro ehupfumi zvokunyama echando, ayo maitiro. Naizvozvo, vokutanga guru chokutambudzika pakukura sayenzi glaciology akanga inozivikanwa kunyanya kuunganidza ruzivo, paumbwe nzira yesayenzi.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 aizivikanwa kutanga sayenzi dzinoverengeka pamwero mukuru nzendo zvainanga nokudzidza glaciation, pfungwa munzvimbo kweArctic Circle. Waitsigira kundizivisa musimboti rwomuviri mananara kuti dzinoitika mazitombo echando, kuti chidzoke vakadai chaiwo nzira sezvo zvemuchadenga mapikicha, photogrammetry, chafariz kuchera, achirova-rova ivhu. Panguva iyi, masayendisiti akakwanisa kuva zvakakurumbira kupatsanura echando, kunyanya chamber kufamba, inotungamirwa uye kunyunguduka mazitombo echando.

Over yokupedzisira remakore kunge ndaitora zvakawanda mashoko pamusoro Nzvimbo kuparadzirwa permafrost. Masayendisiti vaigona kuziva itsva uye mazitombo echando kuita Directories yavo rondedzero.

Chii glaciologists?

Glaciologist - munhu basa, musimboti chiri kudzidza chando idzodzo achiumbwa chaiwo ezvinhu. Nyanzvi yakadaro kudzidza zvinoitwa chimiro mazitombo echando, maitiro avo, kwemasayendisiti kuti kukonzera kunyunguduka chando.

Glaciologist - basa kunobatanidza kudzidza avalanches, reservoirs, dzakanga inoumbwa utsotso chando. Uyezve, vaya nyanzvi mune muboka nhoroondo iyi nzira ngozi pamepu, nokudaro zvichiita kuti panowanikwa tsaona uye dzinongoitika dzoga.

Chii kubatsira sei glaciology?

Glaciology - sayenzi kuti zvidzidzo, pakutanga kwezvose, kwakapararira rechando panyika pevhu. Maererano masayendisiti, remasangano kugara vanenge 11% of zvachose panyika. Vakazonakidzwa hurongwa mamiriyoni 29 mativi makiromita ³ Freshwater. Kukura sayenzi inoita kuti pfungwa kushandisa mvura pfuma nzizi uye nyanza, izvo kuumbwa nokuda kunyunguduka mazitombo echando.

Uyezve, glaciology - sayenzi sei kudzivisa njodzi, mhaka chiri kushandura maitiro mazitombo echando. The hunoshanda divi rokudzidzisa uye ari mutariri rokuzvidavirira nzvimbo, izvo aburitswa kufamba mazitombo echando, nechinangwa kuita zvoupfumi mabasa.

Kudya nesayenzi

Nokuti kudzidza mazizaya nhasi akasika richikurukura specialized masangano, vari Russia, USA, Switzerland, Italy, Canada, muUK, vamwe zvikuru dzakabudirira. Kutanga kubva 1894, izvozvo inoshanda dzakawanda glaciological komiti kuti anobata nokudzidza chando uye chando.

Kuti kuva zvesayenzi rakarongwa dzakatevedzana pazviteshi, izvo pfungwa iri Polar Urals, Franz Josef Land, Altai, New Earth, muna North-East uye Central Asia.

Important glaciological Zvidzidzo

Wokutanga rwendo zvakakomba zvainanga kudzidza mazizaya kupfuura munyika, yaiitirwa nguva kubva 1923 kusvika 1933, gore masayendisiti Soviet. The zvakawanika dzakaitwa muna Central Asia, ivo Urals, Novaya Zemlya. Chinangwa mishandirapamwe zvinoreva dzakaunganidzwa anobatsira mashoko chando idzodzo.

Chaizvo zvakasimbisa kukura sayenzi rwendo, vakarongwa maererano mutsvakurudzi Soviet G. A. Avsyukom munguva kubvira 1950 kusvika muna 1960-ndipo. Rakanga zvainanga vachiongorora zviri mazitombo echando ari Tiến-Shan. Somugumisiro, masayendisiti vakakwanisa kuisa kumhanya uye muenzaniso kufamba pamusoro permafrost.

Muna 1877, dzakawanda, kwakasarudzwa kuronga chaiwo Aerospace mabasa, izvo zvinofanira kuramba vachiongorora kunyunguduka chando uye chando dzakasiyana kumatunhu panyika. Chinangwa chacho zvisikwa aita inotungamirwa pamusoro pezvakaitwa kuti kutungamirira replenishment mvura yakachena pamusoro Earth. Kokutanga kwakadaro zvaanorumbidza rwaiitwa achishandisa vashandi nzvimbo chechitima "Salyut-6". Research akapfeka chinooneka hunhu. The chikuru guru zvinokosha data, masayendisiti vaikwanisa kuunganidza nokushandiswa 12-nedanga uye 6-nedanga mabhainokura. Pictures of pose pasi kuti rwaiitwa kubva nekukwirira vanenge 350 km akabudisa yakawanda yose yepamusoro mifananidzo achibatsirwa paunogona kuita kuyerwa zvikuru yakarurama.

Muna 2012, mumhuri glaciologist aishanda Antarctica, vakatadza kuita anobudirira kuchera echando chivharo, pakukora chiri pamusoro 4 km. Masayendisiti kuwana mvura prehistoric echando mugungwa. Dzidza rakasiyana mararamiro anenge rakavapo pamusoro mamiriyoni emakore, akaratidza utachiona wamboonekwa kuti sayenzi. Kuwanika zvaikosha kukura kwete glaciology, asiwo munda kutsvakurudza nzvimbo. Ake zvisingatarisirwi zvabuda dzinoti Mishonga soups kwakadaro havasi chete pasi chando chivharo Nyika, asiwo vamwe mapuraneti vavo satellites.