Lobbying - chii ichi? Technology uye mhando lobbying

Lobbying - ndiko chinokosha ano enyika uye zvoupfumi upenyu. Ndezvipi ayo chinokonzera, maitiro uye migumisiro munyaya ino.

Pfungwa lobbying

The lobbying izwi - chakumbirwa kubva Chirungu maonero. Zvinotora zita rayo kubva pamukova chivakwa - vaenzi, uye kazhinji zvinoreva "vaenzi". Ndipo enyika kupinda nevanhu vatisingazivi, unogona kuona pamusoro nezvido zvako kuwana vanoitisana. Mune zvematongerwo enyika kubudikidza lobbying dzinozivikanwa kunzwisisa mashandiro chiito pamusoro muParamende nepfungwa kuitwa kana kuramba anodiwa mutemo.

Mune Mupfungwa yakazara ari kufamba anozivikanwa Chartists (vashandi, inotsigira kuitwa kuti Charter) muEngland kunogonawo kunzi lobbying, asi musiyano chete kuti pamutemo kumanikidza mumiririri simba nevanhuwo hakusi chete zvinoitika asi kunobatsirawo. Zvinosuruvarisa dzakasiyana siyana lobbying kubudirira munyika ano nyika, izvo kurondedzerwa se nouori uye tsotsi hazviiti. Kunze lobbying haana zvakati kuwedzera ayo munda mabasa kuti zvinyorwe kutsanangurwa zvido vamiririri vaviri nevarikutonga uye matare.

Zvikonzero lobbying

Kusimudzirwa uye kudzivirirwa zvido mamwe mapoka ari Parliament zvoupfumi nokuti chokuti akawedzera kuvimba nehurumende sarudzo, budiriro dzinokura kutsigira avo kana zvimwe emakambani ari upfumi.

Lobbying - ichi hachina kutanga zvitsva. Zvinozivikanwa kuti rikabudirira muEngland emakore anoverengeka akapfuura. Nhasi, munyika dzakawanda - iri pamutemo basa, izvo rinobatanidzwa zvose nyanzvi chete, uye wose boka. Yavaiita boka Entrepreneurs vanogamuchira zano uye kumisa ukama vamiririri nevarikutonga uye matavi kwemitemo.

zvakananga lobbying

Huripo lobbying nzira inogona rakakamurwa mapoka makuru maviri. Chokutanga zvakananga nzira rokudzivirira zvido kwoupfumi kuburikidza zvakananga, ukama enyika. Zvinogona kuva nemisangano pachedu kana kushanyira enyika yemakambani, mabhengi, kuratidzira, kugadzira, sangano vemabhizimisi misangano, symposia, Misangano vemarudzi ose.

Direct lobbying rinoitwa kuburikidza nokupfuuridzirwa mamwe mashoko anofanira kunyengetedza vanodzika mitemo kuti kubvuma kana kuramba zvaidiwa nomutemo mabasa, kuongororwa uye tsvakurudzo. Panyaya iyi, chikuru basa - kunyengetedza enyika ari mubato achibatsirwa zvakakomba nharo uye kuwana rutsigiro rwavo muchimiro zvimwe zvisarudzo hurumende uye kunyange mitemo.

Zvisina kunanga siyana lobbying

Kusiyana zvakananga lobbying, zvisina kunanga kunoitika isina, tichidzivisa kubatana kurudyi enyika. Nokuti kwayo Implementation kuva zvishoma professionalism, kuongorora enyika uye zvoupfumi mamiriro ezvinhu. Murevereri kutanga yezviitwa zverudzi urwu, Chokwadi, rwokubudisa nhau. Ndosaka vezvenhau anonzi wechina bazi rehurumende. Kufambiswa kwemashoko nenzira yakarurama kuburikidza vanobudisa nhau zvakunoita achinyanya voruzhinji nokuita paruzhinji kuziva. Saka pane siyana yakawedzera rinomanikidza enyika kuti awane inotarisirwa zvabuda. Izvi kunoitika isina, pasina kumanikidza kana pachavo dzidziso. Yakabudirira lobbying - kutsvaka iyi vatsigiri vari zvakare vanofarira Zvaizobuda mhosva uye vanogona kubatsira mufananidzo nevakawanda zvido, asika masangano evanhu, etc. Mune West, lobbying runoonekwa sechinhu zvakananga rutivi veruzhinji kuti chinodzivirira veruzhinji mubereko kuti hurumende uye kutsvaka .. zvichangobva zvichemo.

mumvuri lobbying

Zvose pamusoro kunoratidzwa chimiro, nayo pamutemo neHurumende lobbying. Ndicho chokwadi nako Company akakuyananisai, uye kunyange kudzidza pazviri kuti mari.

Asi pane nzira inobva kushandiswa mhosva nzira. Broadly kutaura, dzinonzi mumvuri. Izvi zvinosanganisira tyisidzira, kutyisidzira, kumanikidza uye, chokwadi, uori. Zvinogona vakagumisa kuti yakabudirira lobbyism yakavakirwa pamusoro simba rokunyengetedza, uye mumvuri hwokumanikidzwa kana kubatsira. Hazvibetseri kuyeuchidza kuti ekupedzisira hakubvumidzwi nemutemo. In upenyu chaihwo, zvisinei zvakaoma kuona uko mutsetse pakati kwemhosva uye chepamutemo lobbying. Somuenzaniso, mune dzimwe States of North America, lobbyists vanofanira pamutemo nyoresa zvavo zvirevo enyika. pachena Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kudzora zvichibvira nzira yokushandisa nayo zvinetso zvematongerwe vavengi.

Case "Lockheed"

Case "Lockheed" ndechimwe Wokumusorosoro-Profile nyaya ichangopfuura, achiratidza kuti pamutemo lobbying. Chii? wokupomera ichi chokuita kutenga Japanese hurumende zvikepe American rakasimba "Lockheed". Technical parameters uye kuchengeteka parameters vari yekudyidzana muduku kuEurope, asi mari yavo yakanga "European" chechetere. Nei vokuJapan akaenda yakadaro zvakaipa zvakawanda? Muna 1976 akatanga nezvaanoziva zvinopupurira guru fufuro kuzviremera muJapan, pakaziviswa Verengai madhora mamiriyoni maviri. Kupomerwa uori akaiswa mberi ne Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Countries. Akanga nemhosva muna 1983, asi iye akabva akapikisa mukwirirwi. Yose muitiro kusvikira pakufa fungira, kureva, kusvikira mangwanani 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Most dzinonakidza ndechokuti Tanaka refu pashure kupomerwa dzinobatanidzwa zvematongerwo enyika. Chiitiko ichi chakanga muenzaniso wokushandiswa ane encyclopaedic unyengeri lobbying tsika iri yepamusoro echelons simba.

PR

Chikamu PR-basa mumwe mutoro kwete chete nokuda kukurukura nzanga iri Mupfungwa yakazara, asi kugadzwa kwoUmambo kuti ukama zviremera panguva dzakasiyana siyana uye nemapazi ehurumende. mabasa dzakadaro inonzi GR-mamaneja akafanana lobbying. Dzinoronga misangano vehurumende, zvinopa evanhu mufananidzo dzebhizimisi muzvirongwa makambani siyana. Uye, chokwadi, kubatanidzwa kuvhoterwa, hatching chinzvimbo urongwa-refu pamwe chete enyika. Vazhinji makuru Makambani Russian kubvira nemakore 90s akatanga kuronga madhipatimendi dzakadaro mumapoka avo. Mune dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope, shoko rokuti "lobbyist" harishandiswi nokuda kunaka yokureva paruzhinji maonero. Asi pane musiyano pakati PR murume uye lobbyist.

Musiyano mabasa lobbyists uye GR-mamaneja

Lobbyist munyika ano - a "vakasununguka Artist". In izvi zvakasiyana kubva GR-maneja, kushanda dzakananga boka uye kuti akabhadhara. mari yake yakakwirira zvikuru, sezvo ane muripo mutsa kana chikamu chezvinhu akagumisa kwema. A lobbyist anogona kushanda vatengi akawanda, izvo anosarudza pacharo uye maneja anodzivirira chete zvinofarirwa rutsigiro rwake. Asi musiyano chinokosha kubva lobbyist basa chokuita uye yakafanana ruvara enyika avo mabasa. PR vanhu vari kunze panzvimbo yokutanga zvoupfumi mabasa.

vamwe mhedziso

Lobbying - ari yakafara pfungwa, izvo nhasi kunoonekwa mashandiro enyika, ane basa ndiko kuti asimbise ukama nedzimwe mabhizimisi hurongwa nezviremera kuitira kuti vasimudzire uye kudzivirira zvido mapoka zvoupfumi.

Lobbying akafanana vakawanda vemazuva ano ounyanzvi hwokugadzira akadai consultant kuti hurumende ukama kana voruzhinji noukama maneja. Ndokusaka pane nyongano pamusoro zviri ichi izwi. The townsfolk kuzviziva sezvo Advocacy, chinhu akafanana basa gweta. Dzimwe nyanzvi kusiyanisa ichi mhando yebasa somumwe Michina dhipatimendi rimwe Public Relations (PR). Zvisinei, vanotsvakurudza vakawanda vanobvumirana pamusoro chaizvo kuti lobbying sezvo ari oga basa, kunyanya pamisika upfumi uye capitalism. Big mabhizimisi nemakambani kuziva pave ukama enyika, sezvo yokupedzisira navo.

To muchidimbu: kuti vaenzi - chii? Mose, mbiri-nzira motokari kune mumwe. Lobbyists chete kuita vanozoshanda, vaya vanobatsira kuwirirana uye asimbise ushamwari.