Macrolides. Kupatsanura (Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa, dzinongoitika uye azalides)

Macrocyclic lactone mhete - ndiyo hwaro kwemakemikari urongwa boka inorwisa mabhakitiriya macrolides. The kupatsanura kunosanganisira kuparadzana pa 14, 15 uye 16-membered. mishonga idzi kuti mudukusa muchetura.

Macrolides. Kupatsanura kubudikidza mhando mavambo

Natural macrolides:

Macrolide "Erythromycin" - ichi ndicho chokutanga bacteriostatic mushonga, izvo chakaratidza kutanga guru boka. It agamuchirwa 1952 kubva muStreptomyces erythreus - ivhu actinomycetes. Nekuti macrolide "Erythromycin" ane pfuma reversibly tichisunga kuti ribosomal 50S-subunit, inotyora paumbwe peptide zvisungo pakati amino asidhi mamorekuru yezvakaita uye anoita ichivharira mapuroteni usage zvigare siyana. Saka inorwisa mabhakitiriya "Erythromycin" hakuiti itibatsire kwetunhu (mukomboni) nucleic acids. Panguva dzakakwirira mishonga, nekuda mamwe mabhakitiriya anogona kuva bactericidal nomugumisiro.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - chiri mushonga kuti rinobva muStreptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes, iye - wokutanga boka 16-membered macrolides. Lactone mhete - ndiyo STRUCTURAL hwaro kugadzirira "Spiramycin". Inoitwa 16 kabhoni maatomu (C) kuti zviri kurerekera matatu carbohydrate vakasara: mycarose, mycaminose uye forosamine. Kugadzirira Kuva ayo sezvamunoita spiramycin kushingaira fuma akaparadzirwa Canada, Latin America uye Europe.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - mushonga unorwisa, mumiririri boka 16-membered macrolides. Yakabudiswa neZvapupu muStreptomyces narbonensis. It Ane mugumisiro bactericidal hunhu. It kuchititadzisa mapuroteni kwetunhu yeimwe, kunotadzisa nokukiya RNA (chokufambisa) uye zvakabatana kuna 50S-ribosomal subunit Kamudzira, nokudaro rakavhara kupanana peptides kubva pakati A. akabvumira pakurapa zvirwere pamuviri.

Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa macrolides:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - ichi ndicho chokutanga Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa 14-membered atibiotik. Zvakange Rinobva macrolide "Erythromycin". Features mamiriro rinopa yepamusoro kuramba acids, microbiological uye nani pharmacokinetic parameters.

Macrolide "Clarithromycin" - ane 14-membered mushonga, macrolide rinobva "Erythromycin". It kwakavandudza kuramba acids uye nani pharmacokinetic uye antibacterial zvivako.

Natural-inorwisa mabhakitiriya macrolides vari zvikuru kushingaira pamusoro giremu-akanaka, vamwe giremu negative uye intracellular tusingaoneki. A ano macrolides akadai Semi-chakaita zvokugadzirwa, zvakawanda kushingaira pamusoro Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic microflora uye yokuSpain bacillus.

Uye pakupedzisira, kuti azalides - ichangobva chizvarwa macrolides:

Inorwisa mabhakitiriya "Azithromycin" rinoreva subclass azalides kuti vari siyanei ari mamiriro kubva kwakajairika macrolides. Mhete ari macrolide "Azithromycin" hapana lactone, asi 15-membered. Kislotoustoychivot nayo anowedzera kuti 300 nguva zvichienzaniswa mushonga, "Erythromycin".

Macrolides. Kupatsanura zvizvarwa:

1st - zvinodhaka "oleandomycin" "Erythromycin";
2nd - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "Clarithromycin";
3rd - macrolide "Azithromycin".

Zvairatidza macrolide boka inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Kupatsanura pakati Diseases

Avo kuti zvinokanganisa kufema hurongwa: rikwanise sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit, munharaunda akawana nemabayo, exacerbation pamusoro bronchitis, whooping chikosoro, diphtheria.

Skin uye munyoro zvinyama: njovhera, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, mburwa.

Oral mhango: periodontitis uye periostitis.

Zvomudumbu maitiro: Campylobacter gastroenteritis, mumwe dumbu urikanwi.

Uyewo macrolides akashandiswa kudzivirira zvinotevera zvirwere: pertussis, yomumuzongoza, rheumatic fivha, endocarditis.