Makopi Mari. How kusiyanisa Kunyepa?

Numismatics - munhu anonakidza nzira kubata nhoroondo. Ndizvo chete dzimwe nguva pane anosetsa zvinhu, uye kukosheswa kuzviwanira ine nhoroondo mapfupi zvikuru kupfuura tinoda.

History fakes

With mari yokutanga rakavapo uye counterfeiting. Sezvingatarisirwa, nyepera vakasikwa chinangwa unotiranga, kunyange zvazvo kuuya kubva wokufambisa mari vanosanganawo kubva yakatofanana.

Pane nzira dzakawanda chihombe mari counterfeiting, uye kukura zvigadzirwa chinowedzera izvi. Kana kunyange mazana mashomanana apfuura zvaibvira pasina dambudziko kuona nderechokwadi mari avete pamberi penyu, zvino chinhu chinopa kunzwisisa muitiro, kunyange nyanzvi.

Counterfeiting mari kare

Kusiyiwa kubva kushandisa mari ndiko ichifarirwa counterfeiters, asi ari muchimiro Antiques. Ruzivo numismatist zvikuru vanokwanisa kutenga ndevokunyepedzera akadaro. Dzimwe kunaka fakes kunyange yakakwirira kuti kunyange ziso yakadzidziswa inogona kunyengedzwa.

Vakawanda vaikopa akafumurwa haasi kunyanya zvisingawanzoitiki mari, mutengo riri kubva emapoka nemazana emadhora. Izvi Muitiro kwakasimbiswa kuitira kutsausa ruzivo vateresi haisi kunyanya kusingawanikwi uye zvakafanana Kuonekwa kopi yapakuvamba.

youmambo mari

Makopi mambo mari inogona kuwanika kupfuura sirivha, asi pane vanhu vazhinji goridhe zvinhu. Kutsvaka zvisingawanzoitiki specimens yesirivha kunogona pamwe mukana mukuru naJessica Kunyepa, nekuti zvakaoma chaizvo kuti ritsigire nderechokwadi.

Makopi Mari yakagadzirwa nendarama, pane zvakawanda nguva shoma. Vakawanda nokuti kuti kutenga yakadaro mari numismatist vachava kunyatsongwarira uye kuzvidzivirira hwakadzama ongororo kuti mavambo.

Zvinenge zvose mari tsarist nguva vacho maBhaibheri avo. Find kopi mari paIndaneti kana iri antiikki muchitoro kuva nyore, asi hwakavimbika vapemhi vane mukurumbira nguva dzose kunoratidza kusava yokusiyana.

Kutsiva chepakutanga

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mari makopi ane nzira nzira yokubudisa kuti mari vateresi. mari zhinji vakanga wakabudiswa circulations duku kana vari zvinodhura chaizvo uye isingawanzowanikwi. Modern chitsotsi kuti zvisingawanzoitiki Antiques vakadaro vachawana nzvimbo yaro iri muunganidzwa. Zvinenge zvose yepamusoro ndevokunyepedzera zvichava chaizvoizvo kufanana kuti chepakutanga.

Kunze KUJEKA, uye pane makopi kuti vakasunungurwa somunhu chirangaridzo. The musiyano chitsotsi uye yepamusoro yakatofanana rezasi mutengo uye imperceptible akadzama. In kugadzirwa chokunyepera akasangana zvachose vose subtleties, uye yakatofanana munhu zvikuru akawedzera kana kubvisa zvimwe zvinhu.

How kusiyanisa Kunyepa

Simple munhuwo zvake Zvakaoma kuziva kana kwete mari zvechokwadi. Asi pane dzakawanda dzinokosha zvinhu kuziva kopi mari.

The nyore nzira - ndiko tichienzanisa chepakutanga mari. Muchiitiko chino, pane mukana mukuru kucherechedza Kunyepa. Kazhinji, misiyano vari zvidiki, saka zvakakosha kunyatsotarisa kuti mashoko.

Dzimwe yokunyepera kuumba yakasiyana ruvara. Ndicho chikoponorwa Base. Mari Silver vane vakareruka nomumvuri, panguva apo Kunyepa akaipa zvikuru rakafanana aruminiyamu. More yakagozha chitsotsi zvinogona kuitwa sirivha, kana kuva unhani vanokudzwa simbi.

Kazhinji pane makopi mari Russia kana Soviet Union, vane zvakawanda uremu kupfuura chepakutanga. Somuenzaniso, zviri Ruble yakagadzirwa muna 1924, pamwe dzakanakira ezvinhu, anoyera 20 magiramu, asi ayo nyepera ishamwari - 21. Usaita kurasikirwa mukana uremu chepakutanga mari panguva kushandiswa, asi musiyano inofanira kunyora nezvavo.

Kudzidza Groot anokwanisawo kuunza zviitike. Kazhinji, tichienzanisa epakutanga eMagwaro mari kuti asarudze. How kusiyanisa Kunyepa uchishandisa Groot? Angangove chaizvo kuti makopi vachava vashoma kusabvumirana pamwe chepakutanga coinage. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nguva munhu zita nyepera haisi münzmeister kana tsamba vari gogonera.

Vamwe fakes vari kutsausa maonero ake akare. Ivepo Dombo mari anopa kuoma uye anondimutsa chivimbo nderechokwadi. Asi wemanomano zviri kumbonyanya nyore crank ane asidhi kana kubikira mari. Zvinoguma patina pamba uri richangobva yakagadzirwa mari.

matambudziko More muka kubva dzinodhura uye isingawanzowanikwi specimens. Nokuchengetedza husiri nyore kuwana yakadaro, tenzi nhoroondo pamusoro zvose, uye akarurama nokuda ziso zvakaoma kuziva kusiyana. Nokuti zviitiko izvozvo, pane bvunzo siyana uye kuongorora vasingazoiti kumhanya kupinda Kunyepa. Nokuti mukuru Kuvimbika kana kutenga mari zvakakodzera kutaura panzvimbo akachengeteka isingachinji mukurumbira.

Mari Modern vari kubatwa kukopa. Zvingaita sezvinoshamisa, asi pane muduku uye chitsotsi Mari Russian, zvimwe izvo dungwerungwe zvikuru afarire vateresi.