Mapurani Foster Norman: A Biography, zvirongwa

Munyika yanhasi guta yekuronga mapurani zvikuru Foster Norman anoonekwa somunhu chaiwo mhoro-Tech maitiro. Ake mapurani makasimba Foster uye ishamwari vanovimba zvikuru Conceptual guta-nokuumba okuvaka munyika mumakondinendi ose. mugari ichi Britain ndiyo Kumukundi zviri munyika naiprestizhneyshih mibayiro: asi Pritzker (analoginen Nobel kushandiswa mapurani) uye Imperial (kumusoro ari UK). Germany paakavapa iye ayo wemandorokwati mumunda nemagariro "Nokuti munorumbidzirweiko" pamusoro chirongwa mazuvaano vayo paramende. Akasika anoverengeka mabasa nokuti Moscow-City, iyewo ane honorary nhengo Russian Academy of Arts.

Foster Norman auya kubudirira chete kuonga tarenda rake uye kutsunga.

Start basa

Akazvarwa yepamusorosoro chaiwo muna 1935 mu Manchester (UK). Baba murongedzeri yave kushanda panguva boka, manufactures chiutsi turbines uye emagetsi. Tichifunga zvokunyama matambudziko mhuri-makore 16 akamanikidzwa kusiya chikoro uye kuwana basa iri Treasury taundi rokumusha. baba Norman vake ndafungira mushandi mabasa mwanakomana wake. Kuwedzera inokosha basa, wechiduku Foster akadzidzawo mutemo zvebhizimisi. Zvisinei, hofisi basa hazvirevi kufadza jaya mukomana.

Kunyange ipapo, akafuridzirwa mavakirwo Manchester, Foster Norman akatanga sketching tega chivakwa. Mumwe vanamabharani, vatinoshanda navo vakaona mumwe emifananidzo izvi, vamurayira kuita nenyanzvi mapurani.

Zvisinei, zviri Implementation Kurota yokutanga pashure-gore rimwe muchiuto muBritish Royal Air Force, uye gare gare - makore maviri siyana mabasa nyanzvi: rimwe bhekari, fekitari, imwe midziyo chitoro. Apfuudza kubvunzurudzwa, Foster Norman akatora basa iri zvibvumirano dhipatimendi mapurani sangano mubatsiri maneja. Kuita basa rokutengesa, akaziva kuti kuti kuva mapurani, iva nechokwadi kuti dzidzo.

inotungamirwa

mukomana ane makore 21 okuberekwa wakapiwa kupfuura makwikwi pamusoro akakodzera dhipatimendi paUniversity of Manchester. Zvisinei, kuti mamakisi haana kukwana kuwana ngaakubvumirei, achipa kodzero kudzidza panguva hurumende mari.

Naizvozvo Foster Norman vaiwana mari kubhadhara pazvidzidzo vake kushanda maawa mashoma pazuva, mubiki, mutengesi uye kunyange murindi akachengeteka pane rimwe bhawa. Asi kuwana mu dzidzo muUK haasi zvakazara kugutsa nyanzvi vavariro rejaya mapurani. akitekicha Its Kunokwezva mhiri kwemakungwa zvikara nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. Foster Norman akabata kosi chokurovedza iri US Yale University. Ndapedza, vaduku nyanzvi neshamwari yake uye waanodzidza Richard Rodgers akadzokera Britain, apo zvakanyorwa mapurani Studio "Team 4".

Kuberekwa yepamusorosoro

In mabasa avo ekutanga - ezvivako dzinogarwa kuti vashongedze nemumakomo nomunzvimbo dzine pamusoro Cornwall, uye zvakakurumbira London mupanda "Mews House" - pane rakanatswa dzenhoroondo mapurani.

Kugara munyika rokusika kutsvaka, vachitsvaka kuva spatially American pfungwa mapurani okuvaka, chikwata ichi muduku akaita itsva kwokukurukurirana mapurani - yepamusorosoro. Uye, chokwadi, chikamu pfungwa dzake Conceptual akagadzira mutsva mirayiridzo mapurani Norman Foster. mazano ake kwenguva dzinorondedzera kuchitendero zvivako maindasitiri. A kuchinja basa rake rakatanga muna 1966, basa racho okuvaka zvivako rakagadzirirwa mafekitari kugadzira makombiyuta "Rilayens chidhiraivho '.

Elegant Kubvumirana zvinogadzirisa, kuzvidzora uye runako pakati magadzirirwe chivakwa ichi chakaitwa Britons vanotaura nenyeredzi idzva pasango mapurani. Mairi munyori creatively vakashandisa aesthetics ose profiled simbi, anoita kwete chete basa vanachandagwinyira diaphragms, asiwo yepakutanga chiedza reflectors, kupenya kuburikidza navo akaiswa fluorescent sepombi. Chivako ichi chaiva chokupedzisira chirongwa "Zvikwata zvina", hwakasikwa vari pamwe chete Richard Rogers, mapurani Norman Foster.

Photos zvakasikwa ichi chinoratidza zvakajeka okugadzira zvinhu pamusoro vagadziri vayo, sununguka kushandisa kuvaka imwe kusvikira kumbonzwiwa zvokuvakisa uye zvivako, kuumba kududzirwa womukati Vhoriyamu nzvimbo yepakutanga, apo kusika yakasiyana uye ultramodern pamadziro. Yakanga isiri basa nyanzvi dzokugadzira. Vakasikwa ezvivako kusikwa anotaura pacharo: munyika yose mapurani akaberekwa ari manyorero itsva - yepamusorosoro.

Own boka, pfungwa dzavo

Pachena kune vose aiva yechimurenga kuvaka nheyo kuvaka hwakaitwa neDare Norman Foster. Projects rwezvitadzo hwemberi mukugadzira Yaizotsiviwa kwakajairika post-uye-danda STRUCTURAL enyika ari kuratidza-hwoupenyu "zvinoyangarara" sectional kugadzira. Vari kusiyaniswa achirova fungidziro girazi glazed pamadziro, uye chokwadi, nhungamiro itsva kukurukurirana wiring. Nechokunze, mapurani ichi anosika fungidziro surreal.

Muna 1967, murongedzeri nezvigadziko private kambani yake "Foster uye Partners", iro kusvikira 1983 (kusvika afa shamwari) iri kushanda pamwe chete yakakurumbira mapurani Buckminster Fuller. New nemumwe akakurumbira mapurani kusikwa Foster kwakaita kwavo anoziva span chiedza domes kuti vafukidze huru dzomumaguta dzezvimwe uye nokusika mikana nokuda localization zvemunhu multi-chinangwa dzezvimwe pamwe zvionera microclimate anotsigirwa.

Yepamusorosoro, awana zvakawanda kuratidza kuonga kuti kukwana, akasimbisa yakashongedzwa rising, akawana mashoko ayo ari London nechiteshi chengarava uye mutakurwi chiteshi "Fred Olsen Center" (1967), ari kuvaka "Willy Faber uye Dyuma" (Ipswich, 1974)

Chivako dzinokosha rakatevera, iro vakauya mbiri dzakawanda kuti mapurani, akava Sainsbury Center, yakavakwa kumabvazuva Britain muna 1977 panguva University. Foster pfungwa - vabatane pasi rimwe denga akasiyana zvachose avo dzichipfekeka munzvimbo: a miziyamu, kuresitorendi, yunivhesiti pacharo, bindu chando zvakabudirira.

Zvichida pamwe ichi nguva-jengachenga pfungwa mapurani kambani kuchinja. On mirairo vakapfuma private vanoita vakatanga kuva Norman Foster mazano. 10 yakanakisisa vavo ratinoparidza munyaya ino. Building, pakusikwa yaakanga paakapiwa tarenda ake uye mweya, zvino chinhu chinokosha mumaguta vaiongorora mumaguta mazhinji. Ngatitange zvedu rakapotsa rwavakaita.

London: Chivako-gaka

Atypical akitekicha kuti Londoners kuitei ikakuruma zvinosetsa rinonzi "eroottinen gherkin" kana "seksikäs fodya." Asi kakawanda sorokaetazhnoe kuvaka muzinda Swiss kambani yacho inishuwarenzi Swiss Re, nenzira, rimwe remasangano munyika, yainzi "Gherkin" (The Gherkin). Akanga asina kutyora, sezvo vakatya, mapurani chitarisiko guru British, zvakakwana kufanira mariri. Zviuru vashandi hofisi vanoshanda pano. Restaurants namazariro dziri pamusoro pauriri pakusikwa British.

New York: Tower Horst

Hearst Corporation venhau umambo muguta, iyo veko kudana "Big Apple", vakagamuchira chipo Foster. purojekiti mapurani vaifungidzira zvinhu Shanduro yeko kuvakwa-refu. Tichifunga okuparadza makore 30 Depression, America chando, uye ipapo kumisa kuvakwa chaiwo skyscraper danda, Kusaita nheyo uye ezasi uriri.

Pamusoro pawo, Norman Voster akavaka ikapenya girazi ukomba mativi ergonomic shongwe ine hofori mahwindo warrior negirazi umo anozivikanwa vashandi vaparidzi Cosmopoltan "uye Esquire vari kushanda zvino. Utsanzi pamusoro mapurani kuna girini pakuvaka: anotakurwa dzake chaivo mhepo aibuda inoshandiswa kwayo kufefetedza uye mvura mvura pachavo kuti akawira padenga, - nokuti mhepo kutonhodza gadziriro uye kudiridza maruva.

France Bridge "Viaduct Villot"

Chivako ichi, kwazvo kukwirira yakakurumbira Eiffel Tower, Norman Foster anobatana mabasa avo (pamusoro 10). Photos of zambuko pamusoro torni River, Munotatamura kubva kumaodzanyemba kweFrance Spain, kunoratidza kusiyana munhu okusika pfungwa. The zambuko pakati inoti inobata mhuri mbiru varefu, makiromita mugwagwa, vatadze nekatatu anticorrosion unhani. Haana chete waburuswa vanotambura kuramba kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa mugwagwa A-75, asiwo vakakwezvwa vashanyi vakawanda, kuva inonyatsozivikanwa mapurani aikosha weFrance.

London nhandare "Wembley"

Makuru Musi nhandare munyika, kusika munhu nomufananidzo ano wakange ane ruoko mu Norman Foster, akagamuchira vateereri yaro yokutanga muna 2007. The kunozivikanwa nhandare nhabvu, pakati Motherland munyika kwayo ano chimiro zvinotora kusvika 90 zviuru vaoni! Mapurani Washington anyevera mukana kukudyira (kazhinji kuitika panguva Inlet uye nzira yokubudisa panhandare.) Vanhu vari pacho anouya Via escalators, kuva zvachose kureba 400 metres. The chikuru chepfungwa chirongwa ndiyo akatunhidzwa chematenga 130 metres urefu, kutsigira munhu zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope padenga chivako mitambo. Rinopenya Triomphe usiku zvinoonekwa kubva kumativi ose London.

Akadaro denga chimiro kunokosha kuti patsangadzi kutarisirwa. Nokuda dzinongoitika chezuva anosvika kunyatsotarira tsangadzi nhandare.

Germany. Berlin. Reichstag

Muimba ino, pasina kupamhidzira, edza kuti vose vakanga vakakokwa Berlin. Vaimbove Reichstag, iyo yava kunzi Bundestag, kunze nhoroondo zvinokwezva, rava yepamusorosoro chishamiso. The weNobel mumakore 90 ari makwikwi kwayo rokuvakazve Norman Foster haana chete kusvitsa pakuvaka Federal Assembly (Bundestag) regirazi rising nokupa 360-dhigirii maonero guta - moyo Germany, asi akaitawo unokosha redesign kwaro vhoriyamu yomukati. Nokuramba sanganisika chokunze goko kweimba murongedzeri wakasika yakasiyana haytekovskogo zvemukati ezvinhu. Izvi zvinoitwa tichibatsirwa ukomba ano uye simbi ezvirevo. Chiedza, dzinongoitika ibwe uye decoration kongiri kupa ano kwakavakirwa of Bundestag panguva imwe hombe uye ergonomic chitarisiko.

Kazakhstan. Astana. "Khan Shatyr"

Unofunga chero mapurani Akamisa kupfuura tende munyika? The mubvunzo wokuti. Chivako rinotaura nzvimbo huru cheminda nhabvu 10. denga rayo yakasiyana ndeimwewo yakagadzirwa muchimiro imwe oblique cone. kusiyana kwayo - iri asymmetry (murongedzeri akakwereta pfungwa Art Nouveau). Zviuru netambo, fastening nayo nokuramba wakaomerera panzira, paivakwa neshongwe panguva iyoyo yakanga isingachinji 650 maindasitiri makomo. The chaizvo kuvaka chivako chakanga chakafanana kushamisira!

Inside haytekovskogo ichi akakodzera zvivako zviri Kazakhstan guru kunotenga uye varaidzo nzvimbo ine vakawanda maresitorendi, zvitoro, muzvitoro, netsvimbo cinémas.

Zvisinei, kuti pakuva "Khan Shatyr" rakasiyana nemamwe kuti inowanzorimwa nyika indoor dziva kuti pamahombekombe (jecha unhani iyo vakashandisa akakurumbira chena jecha kuputika kubva Maldives).

Britain. London. Airport "Stansted"

Magadzirirwo chivako ichi, yakavakwa muna 50-kiromita kure London, Ishe Foster akanga zvakare yepakutanga. Iye pakutanga akarasha dzenhoroondo canons okuvaka zvivako zvakadaro. rokusika Ainyanya musimboti - zvakaoma nyore - kwakaratidzwa zvakazara kamwe zvakare. Unique chinouraya denga girazi vachitsigirwa ne gadziriro mutopota zvikamu, contours kufanana inverted Pyramid inodzivirira dzakamirira kubva dzinongoitika kunaya. By rakateurwa ano chivako pedyo yendege, akafanana guru girazi kuutio haytekovsky.

Britain. Boston. Museum of Arts Fine

A kuwedzera Exhibits makurusa miziyamu muBritain akasika dambudziko. Hakusisiri zvakakwana iripo nzvimbo kuti pokugara. Kubatsira rarira Baron Foster. Muchiitiko chino, zviri, pasina kuchinja kuti huripo pazvinhu yesangano iri miziyamu, akavaka yakafarikana ano chivakwa mana storeyed, wakaita rose kwamagwaro American Art. Dambudziko nzvimbo anzverwa nokuda miziyamu kwemakore akawanda.

Germany. MuFrankfurt. "Commerzbank Tower"

To muFrankfurt ichi chivako ane mapurani kukosha, rakafanana kuShongwe London kana Eiffel Tower kuti Paris. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, iri basa kadhi muguta. Unique mativi skyscraper kushandisa pfungwa chivakwa zvakatipoteredza European. Inside pana mapuriro mana nemamwe zononoka wakasimwa mapindu: reMediterranean, North America, Asia. Vanhu vari kuvaka, riri yakasiyana dzinongoitika ezvinhu-haytekovskogo.

kurarama remangwana

Zvechokwadi mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru ezvivako nguva yedu ndiyo Norman Foster. Projects, Britain Maestro urongwa kubva mapurani mberi nguva. Iye innovator uye echimurenga kuumba mapurani chimiro maguta munyika yose. Architectural kambani "Foster uye Partners" nguva dzose anovaka yokufananidzira uye rakasiyana chivako Europe, muShanduro yeNyika Itsva, muna Asia. Characteristically, vari pashure erection kwavo kuisa kubhawa kukwirira pamwero mapurani, vanova pfungwa dzakabva ano kuvakwa mumaguta uye nzvimbo.

Iye shasha. Zvivako ake anokosha akawanda achinzi siyana: kana ari mazuvaano rokuvaka hurumende kana gadziridzo kuti maindasitiri kuvaka, kuvaka munhu Conceptual yezvitoro kana nangananga mumadhorobha kwezvivako: zambuko kana yendege.

To musi, iye chinozoiswa okuvaka munyika 22. Sezvo maneja mukuru wayo rakabudirira boka kwemakore akawanda mberi anoronga basa Norman Foster.

Projects muRussia - hazvina kupfuura kunobatsira zvebhizimisi, asi zvinokosha. Chokwadi ndechokuti, sezvo kutanga pamwe tenzi vakasarudza, hurumende Moscow aenda mberi nokuda sokunonoka chaiyo Implementation muzvirongwa. Zviri pamusoro skyscraper, "Russia" chirongwa, kukwirira 612 metres pamusoro munharaunda Moscow International Business Centre "Moscow City". Chivako ichi 118 mapuriro nemarudzi erection, aizova zvepamusoro mu Europe. Anoyevedza yakawanda kuvakwa, iyo akaronga imwe nzvimbo 520.800 mativi mamita. Construction chakatangwa muna 2007. Zvisinei, mune zvinotevera chirongwa yaipotsa chikuru investor - kambani Shalva Chigirinsky, iri kusangana nematambudziko zvemari. Zvino kune kambani "Foster uye Partners" akanga aronga kuti kuderedza kukwirira chivakwa katatu. Zvakabatsira sezvo nokukurudzirwa, constraints zvemari nehurumende Moscow iri dambudziko. Zvadaro, muna March 2012, vakaronga kureba shongwe wakaiswa kuti 360 metres. Uye pakupedzisira, chirongwa zvachose kusiyiwa. Nhasi panguva kuvaka nzvimbo inovakwa vangasimudzira dzakasiyana marongerwo.

mhedziso

Nhasi iye anonzi murongedzeri panhamba 1 munyika. In kambani yake 500 nyanzvi kushanda pahwaro wechigarire, uye mumwe 100, iye anokumbira gore negore pasi chibvumirano. Maestro The chakavanzika Kubudirira mavakirwo - panyaya okugadzira zvinhu, uyewo simba chinoumba chikwata chake, izvo zvinosanganisira vanhu vanobva pasi pose: David Nelson uye Spencer of Gray.

Mumwe mutorwa kubva kumhuri yebasa rakashanda aive neropafadzo yekuzadza zvakakwana mano ake makuru ekusika. Akakwanisa kugutsikana neBritain nekuvimbika kwemazano ake ekugadzira, uye dzimwe nyika yose. Architect Foster Norman anoshingaira kushandura chivakwa chekugadzirwa kunoitwa iye oga muhupenyu hwemaguta uye nyika. Pasinei nezera rinoremekedzwa (Bharoni-muvakidzi wemakore 80), haaendi mumumvuri, achienderera mberi kuparadzira vose vemazuva ano vakagadzirwa nemapuraneti nehuwandu.