Matrix - chii? marudzi matrices

Nhasi kunodokuva kusingabviri kuwana munhu angadai achiri vainakidzwa CRT tarisisa kana CRT TVs yekare. nzira iyi nokukurumidza uye zvinobudirira vakazodzingwa ari LCD yokutevedzera, izvo kwakavakirwa mvura crystals. Asi hapana chizvaro kudukupiswa. Ndechipi mushonga crystals uye chizvaro? izvi zvose uchadzidza kubva ino.

prehistory

Kokutanga pamusoro mvura crystals, nyika akadzidza 1888, apo yakakurumbira nyanzvi Friedrich Raynittser vawana ariko vatorwa zvinhu zviri zvirimwa. Ake kushamiswa kuti zvimwe zvinhu, pakutanga vane crystalline mamiriro kana neshungu zvachose kushandura ehupfumi dzavo.

Saka, nefuma wokutanga mutnelo ari tembiricha kuti 178 Celsius, uye ipapo mudzoke zvachose kuti mvura. Asi kuwanikwa haana kugumira ipapo. It Vakawana kuti vatorwa mvura iri remagetsi ukama kunoratidza pacharo sekristaro. Panguva iyoyo rokuti 'mvura sekristaro'.

The kushanda nhungamiro imwe LCD chizvaro

In basa iri uye chizvaro vachishandisa. Chii Matrix? Izvi multi-aikoshesa izwi. Imwe yacho tsika - notibhuku Panel, LCD tarisisa kana chidzitiro TV ano. Zvino tinoona, iro nheyo basa ravo.

Zvino chakavakirwa kwakajairika chiedza polarization. Kana iwe yeuka chesekondari wefizikisi, chete zvinotiudza kuti zvimwe zvinhu vanogona kuparadzira chiedza mumwe chete chakarondedzera. Ndokusaka polarizers maviri 90 madhigirii kazhinji havagoni fambisa chiedza. Kuri kuti riri pakati vamwe zano kuti anogona tenderera chiedza, tichakwanisa kuchinja kwahwo uye nedzimwe parameters. Kazhinji, iri nyore chizvaro.

Zvakawanda mudziyo matrices

Kwakajairika LCD nguva dzose panofanira muzvikamu anoverengeka zvachose:

• backlight.
• Reflectors izvo zvinopa kufanana okuvhenekesa yambotaurwa.
• Polarizers.
• The substrate zvakagadzirwa negirazi, pana izvo conductive vokukurukura.
• A uwandu emura sekristaro nomukurumbira.
• Chimwe polarizer uye substrate.

Mumwe Pixel ane chizvaro akadaro kuumbwa kubva tsvuku, girini uye zvitema pixels, wemishonga unobereka mumwe mavara iripo. Kana iwe batidza zvose kamwechete, zvinoguma chena. Zviya, chii chisarudzo pamusoro chizvaro? nhamba iyi pixels mairi (1280x1024 Somuenzaniso).

Ndezvipi chizvaro?

Mune nyore chimiro, ivo pusa (nyore) uye tichishingaira. Pusa - zvikuru nyore mune pixels dzavo kusashanda ari kutevedzana, kubva mumutsara mutsetse. Saizvozvowo, mukuedza kuti asimbise kugadzirwa kuratidzirana makuru diagonal wakaratidza kuti vane disproportionate kuwedzera pakureba conductors. Somugumisiro, kwete chete yekudyidzana kunowedzera mutengo, asi kuwedzera voltage, zvichitungamirira yakapinza nokuwedzera kukanganiswa. saka A pusa chizvaro angashandiswa chete kubudisa chipa nezvingoro duku diagonal.

Active howa monitors, TFT, kubvumira kuti atarisire mumwe (!) Of mamiriyoni pixels nomumwe. Chokwadi kuti mumwe Pixel unoshanda munechimwewo transistor. Cell kuti akashaya kurasikirwa vatariri, kuti zvakanga akawedzera yoga condenser. Zvechokwadi, tichiregeredza vanoronga yakadaro akatadza kakawanda kuderedza mhinduro nguva nerimwe Pixel.

kwemasvomhu kururamiswa

In masvomhu, mumwe chizvaro chinhu chinhu chakanyorwa tafura vane vakanyoresa chiri panzvimbo mharadzano pakati pemitsara neshongwe. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti matrices zvavo zvinowanzoshandiswa makombiyuta. The chete Kuratidzwa rinogona sokureva chizvaro. Sezvo neimwe Pixel ane zvimwe Coordinates. Saka chero mufananidzo inopfurwa iri Laptop vanoratidza, mumwe chizvaro umo masero huri ruvara neimwe Pixel.

nekukoshesana rinotangira chaizvo 1 byte okuyeuka. A zvishoma? Haiwa, asi kunyange muchiitiko ichi, mumwe chete pave FullHD (1920 × 1080) achava nenzvimbo mbiri MB. Uye zvakadini nzvimbo uchada kuti firimu kuti maminitsi 90? Ndokusaka mufananidzo iri compressed. Huge kukosha ndechokuti determinant.

Zviya, chii determinant pakati chizvaro? polynomial ichi tichibatanidza zvemamiriro sikweya chizvaro zvokuti ukoshi hwayo anochengeterwa transposition uye Linear mubatanidzwa mitsara kana pembiru. Pasi chizvaro iyi zvinonzi vakanzwisisa kwemasvomhu okuti achirondedzera urongwa pixels umo ruvara dzavo coded. Sikweya inonzi nekuti kuwanda mitsara uye mbiru mairi zvakaenzana.

Nei zvichikosha ichi? Chokwadi chokuti Coding rakashandiswa Haar rokuchinja. Kutaura zvazviri, Haar tinoshandurwa - ndicho dzoro pfungwa kuitira kuti kuva nyore uye yakabatana isiri encode. Mugumisiro chinhu orthogonal chizvaro, nokuti iyo decoding nguva rinoshandiswa sezvo determinant.

Zvino isu kutarira chikuru mhando chizvaro (ndiko chizvaro pacharo, taona).

TN + firimu

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana uye zvakachipa zvino anoratidza yokutevedzera. It ane hwakanyatsorwisa rokutsanya nguva mhinduro, asi murombo ruvara kubereka. Dambudziko ndechokuti crystals iri chizvaro zvakarongwa kuitira kuti vachiona pamakona vari vakawana kunyora nezvavo. Kuti tikurire Fani iyi, isu yakada firimu chaiyo unokubvumira kuwedzera nhamba yokuona pamakona.

The crystals mu chizvaro vanosarudzirwa iri shongwe, nokudaro achiyeuchidza masoja ari achimisa. The crystals vari wakamonyaniswa kuva zononoka, saka zvakakwana kubatirira zvakasimba mumwe. The akaturikidzana zvinonyatsoziva yakabatana substrate, pamusoro pemvura yokupedzisira anoita rinokosha rusesi.

Mumwe sekristaro anounzwa electrode yokudzora ari voltage mhiri payo. Kana pasina voltage, ivo crystals vari zvayaitenderera paguyo ne madhigirii 90, yokuti chiedza uchipfuura pachena kuburikidza navo. Zvachinja zvake chena Pixel chizvaro. Chii rakatsvuka kana girini? Sezvo zvinoitika?

Kamwe kwakapa, compressed akamonyoroka, kuti compression reshiyo kunobva simba ano. Kana kunonyanyisa kukosha, ivo crystals kazhinji kurega kuparadzira chiedza, zvichiguma dema background. Kuti vawane pfumbu ruvara uye ayo noruvara, nzvimbo crystals iri zononoka iri kugadziridzwa kuitira kuti mumwe yakawanda chiedza vakapfuura.

Panzira, kuti default mu matrices izvi nguva dzose kusashanda ose mavara, zvichiguma chena Pixel. Ndokusaka zviri nyore kuziva kupiswa Pixel kuti nguva dzose hworatidza pacharo muchimiro inobwinya pfungwa pamusoro Monitor. Kupiwa kuti ruvara kubereka pakati matrices ino mhando anogara dambudziko, zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vawane uye kuratidza dema.

To zvimwe zvakarurama chinzvimbo, mainjiniya crystals akaiswa pana necheparutivi pamusoro 210 °, mauri ruvara yepamusoro uye norudaviro nguva zvawanzwa. Asi pano, kwave kusiri pasina lining: vakasiyana dzekare TN-matrices vane dambudziko noruvara chena, mavara Ndashambidza kunze. Saka munhu DSTN michina. Chaizvoizvo Its ndechokuti kuratidzwa rakakamurwa sezvikamu zviviri, chimwe nechimwe rinodzorwa yoga. Ratidza Unhu kwakavandudza zvinoshamisa, asi akawedzera uremu uye Mari monitors.

Ndizvo chizvaro zviri Laptop TN + firimu mhando.

S-IPS

Company Hitachi, zvakanaka kusakadzwa zvinokanganiswa rapfuura zvigadzirwa, vakasarudza kuedza kuvandudza nayo, asi kungoti kugadzira chinhu idzva. Kunyanya kuti Gunther Baur muna 1971 kwakaratidza kuti crystals anogona kuiswa kwete muchimiro yakakoswa yembiru, uye vakaisa zvaivapowo mumwe pamusoro girazi substrate. Zvechokwadi, muchiitiko ichi, kuti achitumira electrodes vari zvakabatanidzwa.

Kana wokutanga polarizing Sefa, hapana voltage, chiedza inopfuura pachena kuburikidza nayo, asi kunonoka nokuda wechipiri substrate, ari polarization Ndege icho nguva dzose rinokoka pa necheparutivi rworwendo 90 pachinhu chokutanga. Somugumisiro, kwete chete zvinoshamisa zvinowedzera kumhanya nokushanda tarisisa, asi vatema - chaizvoizvo vatema, uye kwete kusiyana ine rima pfumbu ruvara. Mukuwedzera, kunakisa kukuru uchida pamakona ose maonero.

Michina zvikanganiso

Haiwa, mune crystals jana izvo akaronga newokuti mumwe, zvinotora nguva yakawanda. Uye saka mhinduro nguva iri muenzaniso wekare inowana munhu cyclopean zvechokwadi tsika 35-25 MS! Dzimwe nguva kuonekwa kunyange kubva kutevera ari cursor, ndoda guru mifananidzo iri matoyi uye mabhaisikopu kune vanoshandisa vaigona aiva nani kukanganwa.

Sezvo electrodes vari dzinongoda musi iwoyo substrate, zvinoda zvikuru simba tenderera ari crystals ari achida divi. Uye nekuti vose monitors pahwaro IPS-chizvaro kashoma kuwana Energy Star nyeredzi kuti kunyatsoshanda. Chokwadi, kuti kuvhenekera substrate unodiwawo kushandisa mamwe simba mwenje, uye hazviiti kuvandudza mamiriro rurefu simba rakawanda.

Workability zvaAtemisi matrices akadaro zvakakwirira, uye naizvozvo, kusvikira ichangopfuura vaiva, chaizvo inodhura kwazvo. Muchidimbu, zvose zvakanakira nekuipira monitors yakadaro yakanaka vagadziri: ruvara unhu vane wakanakisisa uye mhinduro nguva dzimwe nguva, unogona kupa.

Ndizvo zvakataurwa IPS-chizvaro.

MVA / PVA

Sezvo vose vari pamusoro marudzi matrices vane zvainovhiringidzawo kuti kubvisa kutonetsa munyika itsva Fujitsu Technology yakazokudziridzwa. Kutaura zvazviri, MVA / PVA ari dzakachinja shanduro IPS. The musiyano mukuru - the electrodes. Vari iri rechipiri substrate muchimiro chemabviro zvokuridza. Izvi mhinduro inoita kuti zvive nyore kuita crystals vachinje muna voltage, uye ruvara shanduro kunova nani zvikuru.

Cameras

Uye chii chizvaro pakati kamera? Muchiitiko chino, saka akadana sekristaro kondakita iyo inonziwo mhosva akabatanidza mudziyo (CCD). Pane camera chizvaro mamwe masero, zviri nani zviri. Kana shutter anovhura, ichipfuura chizvaro chekubuda maerekitironi: zvikuru akasimba iyezvino yomuka. Nokudaro, murima zvikamu kuitika aumbwa. Land chizvaro pakuziva dzimwe mavara, uye somugumisiro kuumba mufananidzo wakakwana.

Zviya, chii kukura chizvaro, kana tinotaura nezvemakombiyuta kana Laptops? Ndicho nyore - vanonzi diagonal sikirini.