Metro Berlin - dunhu, kufukidza mundima huru

Metro Berlin, uyewo kunzi U-rautateiden (zvinoreva "njanji pevhu" pakati Untergrundbahn mashoko) - mumwe mukuru Europe. It akazarura muna 1902 uye pari zvino ari kushumira 170 pazviteshi, izvo rakakamurwa mapazi pamwe zvachose urefu 151,7 makiromita gumi. Vanenge 80% pechiteshi mutsetse muchivande Berlin yakavanzwa pasi paiva pasi.

Mugore, rinoshanda vanopfuura mamiriyoni 400 vatakurwi muna 2012, mamiriyoni 507,3 mubhazi akashandisa U-rautateiden. Daily mutakurwi kfc vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 1,4. utariri Its, kugadzira uye kugadzira kwave chikuru matunhu neminisiparati chokufambisa kambani Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe, nani kuzivikanwa nokuda Acronym BVG.

kurerukirwa hurongwa

Kakawanda nezvitima ane penguva maminitsi 2.5 chinenge mevhiki uye maminitsi mashanu vamwe zuva. Manheru, zvitima vanosvika ose maminitsi 10. Panewo purogiramu nguva zuva usiku.

The chikuru senga guru ndiye Berlin pevhu. The zano hwakada zvakanyatsobatana zvakaoma dzomumaguta nezvitima - S-rautateiden. Naizvozvo, vanhu vomuguta nevashanyi kukwanisa nokukurumidza uye zvakanaka kusvika chero achida nzvimbo.

nyaya

Berlin raiva guta rokutanga muGermany kuvaka pevhu, uye wechishanu muEurope pashure London, Budapest, Glasgow uye Paris. A guru muchinangwa pakusikwa chokufambisa zvakaoma vakaridza Werner of Siemens - akakurumbira German injiniya uye muvambi. Kuti ndohwaJehovha pfungwa pakuvaka pevhu chitima pomumbure kundosangana kukura motokari matambudziko guru Germany mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19.

Nhungamiro rokutanga kuchiteshi yakavakwa uye yakatanga kufamba muna 1902 pashure yakareba maronga uye kukurukurwa chirongwa. Line akayambuka pasi uye zvikuru akadzokorora hwokugadzira zvinogadzirisa of New York pakati yakakwirira njanji makwara. Mumakore akatevera, vakawedzera uwandu nemapazi Metro muBerlin. Driving kusvikira pamusoro World War First aiva kumativi mana.

Uyezve kuronga kuvaka muchivande kwezvivako akanga nechinangwa kubatanidza guta uye nzvimbo wayo: Wedding, iyo yaiva kuchamhembe chikamu, pamwe Tempelhof uye Neukölln, rakamiswa zasi. mabasa awa zvakatangwa muna December 1912 uye zvakasimba kunonoka kusvikira 1930 nemhaka yehondo uye veMubatanidzwa vakawanda matambudziko zvemari.

State kana hweNational Socialist

Apo simba raiva Nazi Party muna 1933, Germany hwachinja zvikuru. kuchinja aya zvakakanganisa Berlin pevhu. nhepfenyuro All risungirirwe mireza Nazi, zvinhu zviviri zvave kunzi mukukudza magamba hurumende itsva. Mapurani Speer kwakasimbiswa chinzvimbo chirongwa kuwedzera Berlin pevhu. The Dunhu nechinangwa uvhure annular mutsetse iro batanidza mamwe shinda ne mumwe.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II Vtorov nhepfenyuro yaishandiswa sezvo mhepo-bvuta matumba. Infrastructure inowanzonzi pachena kuparadzwa, zvimwe izvo vanokwanisa kukurumidza kubvisa. Asi kudzorera zvakazara kukuvadza kudziviswa kugara kurwa. Pasinei neizvi, kufamba nezvitima akanga vakaramba kusvikira pakuguma ruvengo.

Chete pakapera April 1945 vambomira basa Berlin pevhu. Tanera zano akaratidza kuti vakanga zvikazara vakarega nerubatsiro magetsi. Zvisinei, mukati mwedzi turakiti racho zvakare rakapiwa kushanda nehurumende. Zvakawanda mbiri ichi chinofanira kuguta commandant N. E. Berzarinu.

kweSoviet

The chinokosha muupenyu guta rakanga rayo nekupesana migove miviri. muganhu wakatangwa pamusoro kwevanhu kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira ndiEzekieri. Kwave kune inonyatsozivikanwa kuvakwa Berlin Wall - fenzi kuti wakapatsanura nzvimbo muzvikamu zviviri. Izvi vakauya yakawanda nematambudziko ari pevhu.

modernity

Nhasi, ari Berlin pachivande ane 10 mitsetse - 9 huru uye mumwe ebetsero. Nemambure ane Kureba hombe uye ndokwenguva nzvimbo kwete chete guta, asi namafuro pedyo. Nokuti evashanyi ari kutengeswa ari Berlin subway map pamwe varipo. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, vakokwa guru anogona kufamba pasina kutya vopedzisira varasika, uye kuongorora zvose zvinofadza zvinhu.