Modern Misimboti rakavhurika mapurani makombiyuta uye nzira Implementation kwavo

Pakati pezana remakore 70s wekupedzisira remakore rakatanga "miniaturization" makombiyuta - yakagadzirwa uye kuparadzirwa bv. Vari kutsiva kura makombiyuta uye Chikurukuru - vave kushandiswa mumba. The chikuru Injini izvi zvinoitawo US chakasimba IBM, yaiva kwete mutungamiriri nyika pamisika kombiyuta, asiwo initiator azvino kuitika mundima iyi.

Kuti tirambe kutungamirira panzvimbo yacho pamusika, kambani rakatanga kuwanda kwenhambwe, asi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakava pachena zvikuru kuti mumwe chete yokutengesa mitoo hadzishandi, waida vangasimudzira itsva unyanzvi mhinduro. Kuti chisarudzo ichi uye kwave kukura kadambari mano kuti pave nenheyo rakavhurika mapurani. Pana IBM, dhipatimendi chaiyo akasikwa, waiva kuongorora zvose zviitiko munzvimbo ino, kuti vaongorore navo uye kupa zano womuenzaniso akadaro, izvo zvingadai mudzidziso zvose mberi pfungwa yacho. Zvikurukuru, izvi zvaireva kuti nheyo rakavhurika PC mapurani wakaradzikwa ave pfungwa pane padariro drafting remangwana pakombiyuta.

IBM masayendisiti uye mainjiniya kushanda dhipatimendi kwesayenzi ezvinhu rusununguko, zvichireva kuti vari kushandiswa kugadzirisa dambudziko mienzaniso yakanakisisa zvinoumba kubva vapemhi siyana. Somuenzaniso, ari processor akasarudzwa kubva kuna Intel - zvakanakisisa panguva iyoyo Intel-8088, izvo akapa basa ne "mamwe" kufambidzana, mumwe chekuchengeta kukwanisa 1 megabyte. The-software aifanira kupinda zvishoma-anozivikanwa zvishoma Microsoft.

Muzhizha ra1981 Ini ndakaberekwa ichi symbiosis - kombiyuta akasikwa kubva kumativi makambani siyana, uye izvo chaizvoizvo rinosanganisa nenhungamiro pakurigadzira ichi rakavhurika mapurani. Vava dzinokosha vose zvimwe nzira kukura zvigadzirwa kombiyuta. nzvimbo iyi hwakasimbiswa kunyange mazwi: nayo akazviratidza nenguva iyo okuti "Inoenderana IBM PC» zvinoreva kuti mudziyo uyu, kunyange kana inounganidzwa mune imwe akasimba, ane mudziyo unoenderana IBM nemitemo uye rinosanganisa nheyo rakavhurika PC mapurani.

Shoko "akazaruka" iri gadziriro ino uzivi uye zvemichina zvinoreva kuti kombiyuta pakutanga vaumbe mukana yokuvandudzwa uye kunyange kuchinja yakafanana vana mugadziri, apo nhengo dzose dziri kuchinjaniswa uye mumwe anogona unganidza zvakasiyana-siyana nadzurudzo mano. Zvakanga zvakakosha kuti kuchinja kwakadaro hakuna kuonekwa vamwe mhando basa muchivande, asi nekusiyana, vaiziva kuti vanoshandisa uye vakaparadzana ndiwedzere (yaitsiva zvimwe zvikamu panorumwe), kuti nokushingaira kukurudzira makambani kugadzira zvinoumba kuti mafomu mu makombiyuta.

Pano muenzaniso vana mugadziri, vose zvavo, uye rakanga hwaro pairi kuumbika uye kuumba mitemo rakavhurika mapurani. Sezvineiwo, kuwanikwa uye kushanda kushandiswa kwakapararira nheyo idzi akaita munhoroondo IBM hakuna kunaka chaizvo basa. The kambani pacharo wakarasika, asi kwete kunyange kugamuchira chete, hapana zvinodiwa tichitarisa musika kukurudzira kuvamba ake. Uyezve, makambani akawanda, uchishandisa misimboti rakavhurika mapurani, vane zvakawanda zvinokosha mberi kukura uye kusimudzira bhizimisi kombiyuta, zvakakwana kupa muenzaniso Microsoft.

"Kubudirana pachena" kuna kombiyuta yemazuva ano kuti zvachose vose zvigadzirwa zvayo uye kudyidzana Specification zvinoumba nemumwe uye kunze nyika kuwanikwa munhu kunyange zvishoma kujairana magadzirirwo murume. Uye ichi, akavapindurawo, yekudyidzana kunowedzera nhamba yemakambani vanoshandisa. Saka, shoko rokuti "akazaruka" harisi chete zvokugadzira zvinhu kugutsikana, asiwo pasocial.