Muongorori wenyeredzi - ndiko ... nyanzvi huru munhoroondo

Muongorori wenyeredzi - munhu anofarira yepasi pose pezvakaitwa uye zvakavapo. Zvinorevei - kuva nyanzvi? Ndiani aiva wokutanga kubvunza mubvunzo pamusoro zvakavanzika dzokudenga? Pazuva rokutanga uye mukuru nyanzvi kuwana nyaya yedu.

Muongorori wenyeredzi - iri ...

Vanhu vagara vachishamisika chii chiri kumusoro mumakore, uye sei zvinhu kushanda ikoko, muna yomuchadenga nzvimbo. Muongorori wenyeredzi - munhu zvichiitirwa kwete chete kubvunza mibvunzo iyi, asi kuvapindura. Zviri nyanzvi nezvenyeredzi - sayenzi zvakasikwa, zvose kwemasayendisiti uye ukama zvinoitika mariri. Uye nokuda kwaizvozvo unofanira kumirira, pakuongorora, uye Chikurukuru - ruzivo chinokosha mune zvesayenzi. Saka, imwe nyanzvi - iri pakutanga musayendisiti.

Professional nyanzvi vanofanira zivo wefizikisi, masvomhu, uye dzimwe nguva kemisitiri. Vanoshanda pakutsvakurudza nzvimbo uye Observatories, kuongorora ruzivo pamusoro mitumbi yokudenga, mafambiro uye nedzimwe mananara, kunobva kuna avo zvaanorumbidza, Satellite data, kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana namano. basa iri zvinosanganisira zvakawanda yakamanikana specialization Somuenzaniso, imwe yemapuraneti musayendisiti, astrophysicist, astrohimik, cosmologist.

The vaongorori venyeredzi kutanga

Zvepasi denga usiku, vanhu vakaona kuti mufananidzo pamusoro payo kunoenderana nemwaka. Zvadaro vakaziva kuti yepanyika uye zvokudenga urongwa zvose zvinodyidzana, uye akatanga kududzira chakavanzika yavo. Chokutanga anozivikanwa nyanzvi dzakanga sevaSumer nevaBhabhironi. Vakadzidza kuti kufanotaura womudenga kuora kwemwedzi uyere trajectory mapuraneti, achinyora zvaanorumbidza evhu.

VaIjipiti vari shure ari IV remakore BC. e. Takatanga kugovera kudenga zvinyamutanhatu, uye kufungisisa kwemiviri yokudenga. In China yekare, nokushingaira akaona zvose zvinoshamisa mananara zvakadai comets, Kuora kwemwedzi, kupfuta, nyeredzi itsva. Kokutanga imwe kometi kunotaurwa muna 631 BC. MuIndia yekare, yaiva zvishoma kubudirira, kunyange V remakore Indian muongorori wenyeredzi akawana kuti mapuraneti dzitendererane ayo akabatana.

Zvingaonekwa nyeredzi nemapuraneti vaiita Inca, Mayan, Celtic Druids, vaGiriki vekare. Recent akasasa zvose zvakanaka uye musoro dzidziso uye zvekungofungira. Somuenzaniso, matanda Pasi aiva kure North Star, uye mangwanani uye manheru Venus anonzi nyeredzi siyana. Nepo vamwe chaizvo yakarurama Somuenzaniso, Aristarh Samossky aidavira kuti zuva kupfuura Earth, uye vakatenda heliocentrism. Eratosthenes akayera sekamufarenzi paNyika uye obliquity pamusoro ecliptic kusvikira neequator.

Copernican chimurenga

Nikolay Kopernik - musayendisiti-muongorori wenyeredzi, anonzi mumwe mapiyona ose ari Scientific Revolution. Pamberi pake, kuMiddle Ages, nyanzvi kazhinji vanogadzirisa zvakawanika wake wokurera neChechi uye nzanga geocentric gadziriro chaPtolemy. Nepo vanhu vakaita Nikolay Kuzansky kana Georg Purbach, asi kuisa mberi kwayo pfungwa uye Masvomhu, nharo dzesayenzi dzaiva nani husingaoneki hunhu.

In basa rake "Pazuva nokumukirana pakati Spheres Vekudenga", rakabudiswa muna 1543, Copernicus anopa heliocentric womuenzaniso. Maererano neizvi, zuva nyeredzi pakavakirwa Pasi chinoita uye navamwe nyika. pfungwa iyi anotsigirwa muGirisi yekare, asi zvakanga chete mazano.

Copernicus mubhuku rake rinonzi akagovera yakajeka nharo uye musoro mhedziso. Pfungwa yake vakaramba kuva vazhinji guru nyanzvi dzakadai Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galiley, Kepler, Newton. Havasi vose pfungwa dzake dzakanga dzakarurama. Saka, Copernicus aidavira kuti dzakaita raundi kutenderera mapuraneti, chadenga ndeyevanyori zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, asi basa rayo dzachinja aimbova zvesayenzi maonero enyika.

Galileo Galilei

An mupiro chaizvo kuti sayenzi yokuongorora nyeredzi kwakaita Galileo Galilei - Italian nyanzvi yefizikisi yemasvomhu uye muzivi. Mumwe ake kubudirira yakakurumbira ndiye kweteresikopu. Masayendisiti akasikwa izvo kuchengeta denga Manyiminya mudziyo wokutanga enyika.

Nemhaka teresikopu, muongorori wenyeredzi, yefizikisi, akasarudza kuti womudenga pamusoro haisi mvere, sepakutanga akafunga. Found kuti pane makwapa zuva, makore hweGwara Way vaneta nyeredzi dzakawanda, uye inotenderera nemapuraneti akawanda Jupiter.

Galileo akanga kuchitsigira mutsigiri Copernican dzidziso. Aiva nechokwadi chokuti nyika inotenderera zuva, kwete chete, asiwo ayo akabatana, chii chinoita nemafungu penyanza. Izvi zvaita kuti kwemakore akawanda kutamburira nechechi.

Telescope akawana kuva chakaremara, uye bogohulnicheskie pfungwa dzakaipa. The Raibvunzurudza, Galileo akamanikidzwa kuchinja zvaakanga ataura mashoko ake. Zvinonzi ndiye yakakurumbira okuti, raakanga zvichipomerwa akati gare gare: "Asi chinofamba"

Iogann Kepler

Scientist-zvomuchadenga Iogann Kepler aidavira kuti nezvenyeredzi ndiyo mhinduro chirabwe chakavanzika kubatana pakati pezvakasikwa uye murume. ruzivo rwake akashandisa kuti mamiriro okunze uye goho. Iyewo akatsigira pfungwa Copernicus, kuburikidza izvo vaigona kuenda nokubudirira hwesayenzi kunyange mberi.

Kepler akakwanisa kutsanangura pachena asiri kufanana mapuraneti inofamba, pahwaro vatatu yaiwana mitemo yavo. Akatanga pfungwa kutenderera, chimiro iro kunorondedzerwa so ellipse. The musayendisiti zvakare yaiwana imwe mukana wokuti vanhu vanga kuti unobvumira kuti iwe ngaaverenge nzvimbo kwemiviri yokudenga.

All maonero Kepler sayenzi vakanga pamwe zvitendwa. Kufanana Pythagoreans, ndiwo maonero kuvapo mukuwirirana unokosha kufamba mitumbi yokudenga uye vakaedza kuwana nhamba kukosha kwayo. Kungokangaidzwa chakavanzika zvinoreva, zvimwe zvinonzi kudzimika pamabasa ake kwesayenzi vakanga chaizvo yakarurama pakupedzisira.