Musiyano nzira

Musiyano iri shanduro kubva muchiGiriki rinoreva kuti "subdivide mu mbiri" kana "duality". Musiyano zvikuru zvinobudirira kushandiswa masvomhu uye pfungwa nokuda kupatsanura pakati okunze, uye uzivi uye zvemutauro - kuumba Sub-rokuti, vashanduri zvakakwana.

musiyano nzira inofanira kusiyaniswa kubva kwomuzvarirwo kupesana. Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti "munhu" anogona kukamurwa pfungwa "munhurume" uye "nomunhukadzi", uye unogona kukamurwa kuva "munhurume" uye "munhu". Saka, mumutsetse wokutanga, pfungwa mbiri hadzipokani, saka hapana musiyano. Kana yechipiri, "munhu" uye "munhu" - tsanangudzo vaviri anopikisana uye regai piringisha, uye ichi ndicho tsanangudzo musiyano.

musiyano nzira anokwezva ayo nyore, sezvo nguva dzose aripo maviri chete nemakirasi kuti aneta chitsama dividend pfungwa. Nemamwe mashoko, weboka anogara aripo dichotomous proportionality. A mberi chikuru chinhu ndiye zvibviswe mumwe kugovera nhengo nokuti rimwe divisible yakatarwa anogona kuwanikwa bedzi rimwe nemakirasi "b" kana "kwete B", uye weboka rinoitwa chimwe chete nechigadziko chokuita nokuvapo kana kusavapo imwe chinhu.

Nokuti zvose dhigirii ayo musiyano nzira ine zvakaipira chokwadi kuti chikamu ine PARTICIPLE "kwete". Somuenzaniso, kana zvose masayendisiti rakakamurwa mathematicians uye mathematicians, ipapo hama rechipiri boka pane unoreva zvakawanda. Kunze chinetso ichi, pane mumwe, wakaumbwa pave chakaoma pfungwa, zvichipesana kukosha wokutanga, ukuru kubviswa wokutanga vaviri.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, musiyano inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinoyamura classifying kugamuchira chero pfungwa. musiyano nzira ari kushingaira kushandiswa Kuwana kunorondedzerwa zvimwe zvinodiwa netsika yacho mashandiro (somuenzaniso, nokuenzanisa kuti vaifanira kana zvishoma).

Kazhinji vasingazivi kushandiswa nzira musiyano algorithm izvo chaizvoizvo matanho inogona kurondedzerwa. Somuenzaniso, mutambo "Unozivei nhamba" mumwe mutambi anofunga nhamba kubvira 1 kusvika 100, uye mumwe anoita unoedza zvokufungidzira kwakavakirwa zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika "zvishoma pane" kana "mukuru" kutanga. Kana iwe kufungisisa zvine musoro, sezvo nhamba yokutanga nguva dzose inonzi 50, uye muna zvakaitika yakavigwa zvishoma - zvakawanda 25 - 75. Saka, danho ose nechokwadi nhamba yakavanzika ipfupi nehafu, uye kunyange unluckiest murume kufembera zvisingazivikanwe munenge 7 kuedza.

Kana tichishandisa nzira musiyano kugadzirisa equations siyana kuwana zvakanaka mhinduro zvinogoneka chete kana anozivikanwa chete kuwana mudzi uri kupiwa penguva. Izvi hazvirevi kuti kushandisa nzira iyi zvinokwanisika kuwana midzi chete Linear equations. At mutongo yakakwirira-kuitira equations uchishandisa nzira bisection anofanira kutanga vagovere Midzi zvikamu. Pfungwa yokuzvimiririra rayo rinoitwa nevanhu kuwana rokutanga uye rechipiri nomukaka zviri mashandiro mumichero equations uye equating kuti razero (f '(x) = 0, f' '(x) = 0). Chinotevera ndechokuti kuona tsika add (x) muna muganhu uye akaoma pfungwa. The Pamusana Masvomhu ndiyo penguva | munhu, b |, vane tsika mashandiro kuchinja wemasaini uye apo add (a) * F (b) <0.

Kana kukurukura graphical nzira nokuda nekugadzirisa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga vachishandisa musiyano algorithm mhinduro iri nyore. Somuenzaniso, pane chidimbu | munhu, b |, mukati umo mumwe mudzi x.

Danho rokutanga dzemaitirwe ari algebraic paavhareji x = (a + b) / 2. hereinafter vakaverenga kukosha mashandiro panguva iyoyo. Kana d (x) <0, ipapo [a, x], zvimwe - [X, b]. Nokudaro, chinguva aienda rinoitwa, umo inopfurwa imwe kutevedzana x. The kukarukureta rinomira kana musiyano panguva sq kukanganisa.