Ndege "Airbus A350": zvokunyaradza Zano, zvinhu uye wongororo

Rimwe achangobuda yemashoko ndege ano chiri ndege, "Airbus A350". Ndiye ndiye ari zvemberi pfungwa engineering. Asi, chokwadi, iri airliner, pasinei kwayo yakajeka zvakwakanakira pamusoro vakwikwidzi ayo, ane zvainovhiringidzawo zvayo. Ngatimbotaura nezvenhoroondo kukura ndege, "Airbus A350", tsanangura ayo chikuru zvekushandisa maitiro, uyewo kudzidza wongororo kutakura uye nyanzvi vokutanga.

mutsetse ndege "Airbus"

Asi kutanga ngatimbotaura pamusoro mutsetse yevagari mhepo chokufambisa mutakurwi ndege, "Airbus" boka, sezvo yokupedzisira muenzaniso boka iri ndege ndiyo chete "Airbus A350".

The kambani French "Airbus" rakaumbwa muna 1970 kupfurikidza kubatanidzwa nomumwe aviamashin vagadziri vakawanda. Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, zvava rimwe vatambi kupfuura mumusika. Zvinonzi mubasa mukugadzira zvose vehurumende uye vemauto michina.

Kubvira pakutanga kwayo, "Airbus" akapinda anotyisa Zvinotambudza chikuru panguva the American rakasimba "Boeing" iri yevagari avhiyesheni pamusika. Uye, ndinofanira kutaura, tsere ichi haana pasina kubudirira. Nechekare ndege yokutanga, akasunungura European hanya muna 1972 (A300), vava mukurumbira chaizvo pakati vendege. The airliner itsva yaiva nyika yokutanga mapatya-injini hwayo-muviri ndege, kureva kuva Zara maviri pakati mufambi zvigaro. Muna 1974 rakazoshandiswa kuti oparesheni chikuru French akaendesa mhepo Air France uye rinoshandiswa nanhasi.

Izvi zvakateverwa nokubudiswa zvinotevera yemashoko ndege: A310, A320, A330, A340, A380. Zvakare, A320 mutsetse, pamwe mhuri "737", pari kupfuura rakakurumbira munyika.

The wokupedzisira itsva yakabudiswa muna 2013, "Airbus A350". Nezvake, uye huchakurukurwa.

Background pamusoro

Creation rutsva inotakura ndege "Airbus" akanga aronga sezvo mhinduro nokubudiswa dzesangano "Boeing" ndege 777 (1994) uye chiziviso chirongwa Boeing-787 (mangwanani kukura - 2004.) Last zvakanzi papi sezvo mari kupfuura ndege munyika mukirasi kwayo.

Mukupindura, "Airbus 'aronga kusunungura nani uye zvikuru mutengo-anobudirira shanduro A330, achihudana A330-200 Lite. Kuti mari nechemberi kukura wokuenzanisira ichi, izvo akatanga kutaura zvakafanana muna 2004, apo basa racho "787" rave richiziviswa.

Asi, sezvo zvikazooneka pamasikiro kwacho kubudirira chinangwa ichi waida kuchinja zvikuru. Saka zvakaita 2006, vakazivisa kushanda basa idzva, rinonzi "Airbus A350 XWB". tsamba wokupedzisira inomirira Extra Wide Body, iro kushandurirwa rinoreva Russian "Ultra-rakapamhama fuselage." Pakarepo chakataurwa kuti ndege itsva ichava kupfuura mari-zvakabatsirawo chinotsva kupfuura "787", uye ayo kugadzira mari achava yakaderera pane 8%.

Muitiro pakusika

Saka, zviri muna 2006 vakava pokutangira pakasikwa mutakurwi-refu dhonza hwayo-muviri ndege pamwe michini mbiri, "Airbus A350".

Chaizvoizvo, kukura akatora nguva zvikuru kwete, sei zvikuru kazhinji vaifanira kuvaka ndege mukirasi yacho. Vava nemakore matanhatu. Izvi imhaka yokuti vari mubishi basa rinounza kushoma pakati STRUCTURAL kuchinja zano yepakutanga, uye boka achida kusunungura, pakupedzisira, chakakodzera mukwikwidzi kutange 2009 egungwa mhepo dzezvimwe "787".

Pakapera 2012 pasi Serial nhamba ndege MSN1 zvakanzi zvifambiswe paungano chitoro. In mid-2013 yakaita yayo yokutanga bvunzo kutiza, uye kubva pakutanga 2015, yokutanga nguva mutakurwi airliner A350 rakatanga.

okunatsiridza

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muenzaniso uyu aimbova matatu shanduro: asi A350 - 800, A350 - 900 uye A350 - 1000.

"The Airbus A350 - 800" akatanga kushanda 2014. Its mukati rakagadzirirwa kutakura 270 mubhazi, uye ndege-siyana 15.700 makiromita. Uyu nadzurudzo ane mupfupi fuselage.

"The Airbus A350 - 900" akaiswa kushanda mugore iroro. Gamuchirai kusvika 314 vatakurwi zvakanga, asi daro iye aigona dzinobhururuka, akanga shoma zvishoma - 15 000? Km. Zvinonzi nadzurudzo iyi kuonekwa chawo.

"Airbus A350 - 1000" rwakatanga yakarongwa ndege yokutanga muna 2015 moga. Kukwanisa yaro 350 vanhu uye kutiza siyana - 14 kusvika 800? Km. muenzaniso uyu ane elongated fuselage (zvichienzaniswa Muongororo yekutanga).

Kushumira zvose mazita okunatsiridza hunodiwa kuti vafambisi vezvikepe maviri.

rwokugadzira unhu

Zvino, ngatidzidzei zvakawanda pamusoro akagadzira uye michina zvechadenga ndege, "Airbus A350".

The chikuru womuenzaniso ane kureba 66,8 m, uye nadzurudzo - 60,5 M uye 73,8 m, ukuwo. Mapapiro -. 64 M Height okunatsiridza ndege ndiyo 16.9 m, uye nekubata bapiro nzvimbo - 443 mamita ^2.

The chikuru chepfungwa idzva akaitwa "Airbus" ndechokuti chinosanganisira kupfuura 50% kubva rinoumba zvinhu, rinopfuura chete chinoratidza "Boeing 787". Uyewo ari A350 yaishandiswa bakatwa bapiro mazano, ayo kumbobvira kushandiswa pane mamwe yokutevedzera dzesangano "Airbus".

okunatsiridza All kuti ndege vari vakapakata injini maviri Trent XWB, izvo zvinogona kupa vaifanira kumhanya 945 km / h. Mukuwedzera, ndege kitted ebetsero injini Honeywell HGT1700.

kabhini uye

Imwe neimwe okunatsiridza ndege kabhini ane nhanho nhatu nyaradzo: kirasi yokutanga, mabhizimisi uye upfumi. Sezvingatarisirwa, mune mumwe nomumwe wavo pane zvinokosha kusiyana padanho basa uye kunyaradzwa. Mubhazi, zvichienderana mamiriro avo emari uye zvavanoda, anogona kusarudza chero vatatu aronga makirasi mu "Airbus A350". Ndege kabhini zano iri pamufananidzo pazasi.

No ndege zvakakwana pasina nzvimbo yemutekenyi munyika. Ndiyo pfungwa pazviri iwe kudzora kutiza imwe ndege. Cab "Airbus A350" riri vakagadzirira pamwe midziyo yemagetsi ichangoburwa, vakasikwa noungwaru zvigadzirwa, izvo zvinoita kuti kutyaira zvose manually uye achibatsirwa yacho autopilot.

Reviews kutakura uye nyanzvi

Zvino ngationei kuti kufunga kwave aumbwa pamusoro ndege itsva panguva yayo yokutanga vanhu uye nyanzvi.

Vazhinji nemakasitoma ari boka kune ichiwedzerwa kabhini nyaradzo tichienzanisa nedzimwe mhando "Airbus", uyewo inokosha ndege softness, pasina mhepo Makomba uye mamwe matambudziko madiki.

Vanamazvikokota simbisa kuti ndege itsva iri zvechokwadi mari kupfuura airliner mukirasi yacho. Pakati zvazvakashatira achitungamirira vaongorori vakaona kwemitengo yezvinhu muchina kugadzirwa, uye maererano, uye ayo nokutongesa mutengo. Saka, idzva French musika ndege nyika, zvichienderana nadzurudzo, inobva 260,9 kusvika mamiriyoni 340,7 emadhora. Enzanisa mashoko "787" vanofungidzirwa kuva pakati $ 218,3 kusvika mamiriyoni 297,5. Asi mari mafuta uye kugadzira zvinoita kupfuura recoup kusiyana-refu oparesheni. Pakati pokuperevedza yakati ane rakawedzera pamwero automaticity mu basa, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nguva anogona kunzi uye chiremera.

Zvisinei, vakawanda nenyanzvi dzenyika kupa zvakanaka tinyatsonzwisisa kuti airliner "Airbus A350" zvavo.

tarisiro

Iye zvino, "Airbus A350" kunozivikanwa sendarama mari uye zvakachipa kuramba airliner mukirasi yacho. Maererano nokurondedzerwa kwayo rakapfuura yayo huru mukwikwidzi - "787". Ikozvino tinofanira kumirira mhinduro weboka American boka uye ona kuti chishamiso zvigadzirwa izvozvo angapikisana yayo European aikwikwidza.

High Unhu yemari kuchaita kuzadzisa mukuru mutsva French ndege kudiwa kubva vendege kutungamirira nyika. Saka, panguva iyoyo pane kare maodha nerubatsiro 764 vamapoka ndege kubva 39 vendege. Pakati pavo, dzakadai Qatari kambani Kuwait Airways, Vietnam Vietnam Airlines, Finnair Finnish, Portuguese pombi Portugal, furuwenza Iberia. "Airbus A350", iyo kabhini zano Kunowanzurudza mutakurwi ugovere siyana zvemari upfumi, uye kukwanisa - kuponesa pane dzimwe ndege vachava zvechokwadi vanowana uye mberi yakakurumbira pamwe vatengi sezvo hazvizovi asingatombodi chakakodzera mukwikwidzi.

Asi kukura zvemichina hakuiti mira, uye kwaita airliners itsva zvakawanda yepamusoro yepamusoro uye zvoupfumi maitiro - zviri chete nyaya nguva.