Ndege "TU-204": wongororo. Civil ndege

"Tu-204" unosvikirwa-siyana mutakurwi jeti. muchina uyu muhurukuro makore 80 weDhipatimendi Design Tupolev. Achibatsirwa creators ake chinangwa kutsiva zvisingachashandi apo "Tu-154". Kune okunatsiridza siyana pamusoro ndege: VIP-shanduro, mutakurwi, mitoro uye chinokosha. The ndege "Tu-204" asangana yakachengeteka zvose zvinodiwa, choutsi uye ruzha, saka mhando izvi zvinogona vakavhiyiwa pose. More iri gare gare.

patani

The ndege "Tu-204" - mumwe cantilever monoplane kwomuzvarirwo zano. yakatsvairwa mapapiro ayo chaizvo pasi. Vake vaviri turbojet injini akatasva pylons inokosha. Nzvimbo dzavo dziri pasi pemapapiro. Izvi zvinopa muenzaniso mumwe nevamwe maitiro. Panoperera nomumwe bapiro akaronga winglets. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza ari anonyengetedzwa zvuva uye kuwedzera chikwidzo. Mukuwedzera, vari vakapakata kaviri slotted ichibhabhamisa. Izvi chinokosha. Uyewo slats vari pano. Ivo waidzora akatakura ehupfumi ari ndege. Vari chiri pamwe kutungamirira kumucheto bapiro. The chassis ane makumbo matatu uye mhino vanofamba Pamativi. The nemamiriro powerplant chinosanganisira RB211-535E4 kana 2 turbofan "PS-90A"

nyaya

Mushure Russian vehurumende ndege "Tu-154" ndege kushandisa kwemakore 2 years, muna 1973 panguva weDhipatimendi Design Bureau akatanga kushanda kunze yemberi yekubvisa womuenzaniso ichi. Pakutanga, zvakanga ndaizvipira ndiwedzere zvakadzama "Tu-154" uye kuva akasiyana-siyana configurations, uye siyana zvirongwa zvitsva. Pashure pezvose, masayendisiti akaita chisarudzo nyasha trimotored muenzaniso paupamhi-muviri, izvo vakatumidza - ndege "TU-204".

The chirongwa aifarirwa Hurumende muna 1981. Zvisinei, panguva iyi, kuti vagadziri vakasarudza kusiya muswe injini. Zvadaro adzokorore gwaro. Somugumisiro, izvozvo loomed Zuva yakarongwa nokuda ndege.

Munguva kukura, masayendisiti ari kushingaira kushanda itsva kugadzira nzira, uchishandisa zvigadzirwa makombiyuta. Kuti usarudze Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri aerodynamic configuration zvimwe zvikwepa inokosha, vaifanira kuongorora vakawanda yokutevedzera. Uyezve, kuderedza uremu uye zvinowedzera simba chikwata kunze kushanda pakati zvinoumba zvinhu. mugove wavo kurema womuenzaniso haisi asingasviki 14%.

Kana magadzirirwo rakapera, ndege "TU-204" akatanga kubudisa kutengeswa panguva Ulyanovsk Aviation Industry Complex zita pashure Ustinov D. F. Izvi ichokwadi chokwadi. ndege A yokutanga "Tu-204", wongororo zvakanga zvakanaka, yakavakwa muMoscow munharaunda ane ruzivo chinokosha kugadzirwa ASTC. A. N. Tupoleva uye UAPK.

bvunzo

Izvi zvaisanganisira 2 kumumvuri. Special hurongwa vaivamo muenzaniso kwaiitwa panguva zhinji dzekuturika mikoko.

Pakutanga January 1989 paiva kutanga kutiza akati ndege. The ndege "Tu-204" akabvisa kubva Banga "Ramenskoye". Inobva migumisiro miedzo vakasikwa magadzirirwe zvimwe kuvandudzika. Uye kwakavandudza kugadzirwa michina. Muchiitiko chino, yakawanda ngwariro rwakabhadharwa inonzi itsva-digital maitiro kuti basa. Kunyatsoita munzvimbo iyi zvakaita kuti zvakanaka mugumisiro. Nyanzvi zvakatangwa 23 zvokusarudza pepuranga otomatiki kudzora mamiriro kushandisa mudhiraivho. Mumwe akaedzwa kuti akavimbika uye ndege nemiedzo yakawanda. Zvose izvi zvaida nguva refu. Uyezve, panguva iyoyo akatanga nematambudziko zvoupfumi rehurumende. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti mari nokuti purogiramu ipfupi. Somugumisiro, mashoko okuti ikawanda kuwana magwaro anodiwa uye bvunzo.

Muna 90 bhajeti mari chirongwa rikaguma zvachose. Izvi zvakatungamirira rakamira pamusoro advertising yokuedzwa, uye ndege "Tu-204", iyo ichiri kudiwa kuti vasangane Nokuraramisa kudzidza, vaitarisira pamapapiro.

Sezvambotaurwa, nokuti kuti iri 90s mamiriro ezvinhu munyika zvoupfumi hwaipa zvinoshamisa, bhajeti ndege bvunzo akatosvika akachenurwa. Kuitira kupedza pamusoro basa, masayendisiti vaifanira kutora matanho kunoshamisa. Somuenzaniso, vakabvuma kutakura nhumbi kuti remuneration. Panguva nemiedzo rwaiitwa mu zvakafanana rokutengesa ndege. Izvi akatibvumira kushanda kupedza chirongwa mari. Mushure kushanda nesimba, masayendisiti vakakwanisa kuwana zvakafanira chitupa muna 1994.

udzvanyiriri

Pakapera February 1996 akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kutiza commercial idzva rokutanga pahwaro vakati ndege. The ndege "Tu-204" ichibhururuka "Vnukovo Airlines" kubvira guru kuna Mineralnye Vody.

Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti "Tu-204" anofanira kutsiviwa ne "Tu-154". Zvisinei, kuti kungoerekana donhwe mari iri avhiyesheni indasitiri kwakaita kuti kuvhiringidzika finalization iri ndege, uye kwakaderedza mwero kugadzirwa. Izvi - vashoma yemashoko avhiyesheni makambani, kwemitengo yezvinhu kupembedza zvikamu uye kugadzira, kakawanda downtime. izvi zvose zvakaita kuti donhwe makwikwi pakati akati ndege, kunyanya kana tichienzanisa kumadokero Airbus-320 uye Boeing-737, yakaratidza isingadyi mari yakawanda kuti ishande uye isingadhuri.

Munguva 2000s, yakabereka hapana asingasviki 10 zvivezwa pagore. Kazhinji, vatengi vavo vaiva vehurumende.

Kubva nguva ratanga vakawanda kugadzira, dzinoti muna 1990, takaona chiedza 75 ndege "Tu-204" zvakasiyana siyana. Muna February 2013, achishingaira vakavhura anokwana 50 mhepo vamapoka mhuri iyi.

tarisiro

Pakutanga, pachinhu ichi, kuti ndege "Tu-204" riri rombo rakaipa kwazvo. Maererano rokutanga zano vagadziri, chaifanira kuita muhombe, uye nokuda kwayo kugadzirwa akavaka hachizi chirimwa chitsva riri Ulyanovsk. Zvisinei, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pashure pokuwa USSR kusvikira zvinodiwa avhiyesheni indasitiri yakatanga kupedzera yakawanda mari shoma. The musika upfumi yakatsiva muitiro. Somugumisiro, "Tu-204" ndege zvachinja Used yokumadokero mugadziri of machine. Uyezve, muenzaniso muzvinhu zvakawanda yechinyakare pamusoro nguva. Chimwe zvikonzero kuti rakaguma kushandiswa, aiva kuti vashandi kuti "Tu-204" inoumbwa 3 vanhu, apo vakawanda aircrafts ano vanoda 2. chete Izvi zvinosanganisira kuvapo mamwe mari kwerunyararo of vezvikepe.

Ndiani unobereka vanenge 10 mienzaniso izvi rimwe gore. Panguva iyoyowo, sezvinoita mutemo, ivo zvakakurumbira kweArctic, "Russian" uye Air Force. Nokuti chokuti Ulyanovsk uye Kazan mafekitari ndege haagoni vakawanda-zvibereko uye basa rinokosha, ndege "Tu-204" handina guru vaida vakawanda makambani. Zvisinei, maererano nyanzvi, ichangobva muenzaniso "MS-21" munzvimbo kukwikwidzana ngarava yokumwe "737". Maererano mashoko achangopfuura, zvikuru vatakuri, dzakadai Red Nemapapiro uye "Transaero" rinowanzoshandiswa akashuma kuti vari kuda kutenga mhepo zviumbu yacho akarongwa mhando. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti pane dzakakurumbira ndiye ndege "Tu-204", nyanzvi wongororo iyo inoratidza kuti zvinondiremera mangwanani kuti chevatatu kuti rapfuura Danho aviakonstruktorskogo nyaya. KLA uye Bazi Industry mari zvikuru inopfupikisa mumabasa aya, izvo zviripo chete papepa. Izvi zvinosanganisira "MS-21", yainorongwa kuti asunungurwe pamutsetse chete muna 2020.

Description of michina zvechadenga ndege "Tu-204"

Panyaya iyi, funga zvinotevera:

• Crew - 3 vanhu.
• Two turbofan injini - "PS-90A".
• Rova zvakasimba / bapiro nharaunda yaiva 42,0 m / 184,17 m².
• Kukura urefu / pakakwirira ndege - 46.0 / 13.9 m.
• Weight yasimuka (Max) / isina - 94 600 makirogiramu / 58 kusvika 300 makirogiramu.
• Payload - 21000 makirogiramu.
• Cruising havukavu iri 830 km / h.
• Ceiling anobatsira - 12 kusvika 100 m.
• kunonyanyisa-siyana 2.900? km.
• Kuvapo kutambanudzira 16.140 makirogiramu.
• Weight: kunonyanyisa kutora-kure / kumhara - 94,6 t / 47 M; Modelling mumugwagwa 58,3 m.
• Commercial bvumidzwa mutoro - matani 21.
• Flight vanosanganisira kusvika 3700? Km.

okunatsiridza

Pari zvino pane zvakasiyana inoverengeka ichi mhepo chikwata. Mumwe nomumwe havaoni izvi vaishandiswa kwazvo kuti vawane achida mugumisiro. Next, tarira kwavari zvishoma.

"Tu-204"

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, yasimuka uremu zvitsigiro nyaya iri 94.6 m. The nguva yokutanga ndege ino "TU-204" vane mufananidzo inopiwa ino, akasimuka 17 August 1990 (yakarongwa Flights) mumhepo. Mukuwedzera, nhumbi yambokurukurwa shanduro muenzaniso. Scheme Ndege "TU-204" ndiyo vaifanira akarondedzera vagadziri. Payload kuti nzira iyi asingadi kupfuudza matani 30.

"Tu-204-100"

musimboti Izvi injini "PS-90A" uye avionics Russian. Kugona kwaro zvakakwirira zvikuru. Uyu chinokosha chokwadi. kabhini "Tu-204-100" anobvumawo 210 vanhu. The advertising ndege iyi kwakaitika munguva yechando 1995.

"Tu-204-200"

womuenzaniso uyu nadzurudzo "pamusoro TU-204-100". Vaine Ndege iyi yokuwedzera Matangi huni, izvo zvinodiwa zvikuru siyana. Uyezve, vaya unyanzvi Ulyanovsk chirimwa "Aviastar" akavaka chete chikwata chimwe chete akati bhodhi nhamba RA-64036. Zvino womuenzaniso anogadzirwa Kazan.

"Tu-204-120"

"Tu-204-120" uye "Tu-204-220" vari azvaitwa okunatsiridza "Tu-204-100" uye "Tu-204-200". Vari vakapakata dzokumadokero avionics uye injini RB211-535E4 (2 × 19 500 kgf) - British-yakaitwa Rolls-Royce. utsanzi ichi chakaitwa kuti akudziridze mutengi ehupfumi yacho wokuenzanisira pakutanga nendege August 1992. Mhiri kwemakungwa zvinyorwa bumbiro vendege muIjipiti Cairo Aviaton akaita pamusoro ndege iyi kubvira 1998. Pashure paizvozvo, izvi Tupolev ndege, ine pikicha mundima, kuna China. The nzvimbo yemutekenyi muenzaniso ichi chakaitwa muna Chirungu shanduro. Izvi hwezvekukurukurirana kukurukura kune dzimwe nyika. Akati mhepo chikwata kokutanga munhoroondo ndege Russian akanga vanopupurirwa maererano zvimwe zvinodiwa European.

"Tu-204-300"

muenzaniso uyu (kare - "Tu-234") riri pfupi kuti 6 metres tichienzanisa inokosha tsanangudzo fuselage. ndege ino anobvumawo hapana anopfuura 162 mubhazi, asi akanga pakutanga taitarisira nokugaramo zvigaro 142 ari ndege "TU-204-300" vakakamurwa sezvinotevera: 8 mabhizimisi kirasi uye 134 - upfumi. sumo Izvi zvinokosha. Izvi kunosimbisa rakasiyana nemamwe werudzii nadzurudzo iyi, "Tu-204". The yakanakisisa nzvimbo, Chokwadi, uchava mubhizimisi kirasi. chikwata ichi yakagadzirwa muna zvakasiyana matatu. Dzavo ndege chikuva riri 9250, 7500 uye 3400? Km. Somugumisiro, "Tu-204-300" zvakazivikanwa sezvo ndege yokutanga michini maviri, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti kutiza kubva guru kuRussia Vladivostok usingamudimburiri. Muganhu kutora-kure kurema ndege yaiva 107,5 matani ari midziyo muenzaniso uyu ndiyo :. Domestic avionics "KSPNO-204 'uye vaviri Motors" PS-90A ". Kokutanga, "Tu-204-300" nendege mudenga muna August 2003, pashure pacho akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kuratidzwa panguva Aerospace anoratidza "MAKS-2003". Vanopupurirwa akanga 14.05.2005, ari kunhaka yaro Serial kurimwa hwakagadzwa pa Ulyanovsk fekitari "Aviastar".

"Tu-204-300A"

Izvi rehurumende ndege yaishandiswa administrative chokufambisa rikayerera isingadariki 9600? Km. The muenzaniso rinokwana vanhu 26 chete. Refueling - matani 42.

"Tu-206"

The ndege vachiri kusimukira nyanzvi. Zvinofadza kuti muna vakati midziyo inoshandiswa senzira huni liquefied negasi. aircrafts izvi vakatanga kubereka pahwaro imwe ndege akadai "Tu-204-100". Rimwe dambudziko guru iyi ndiyo placement kuti midziyo negasi kuti rinoda rebei vhoriyamu.

"Tu-214"

womuenzaniso uyu dikidiki "TU-204". Kunonyanyisa kutora-kure kurema chikwata ichi yakawedzera matani 110,75, uye payload kukura -. To matani 25.2 kuti zvinhu ndege nadzurudzo kwave vanopupurirwa maererano nemitemo Russian "AP-25", izvo zvaienderana Western kure-25 uye nechirongo -252. Serial Kugadzirwa hunogadzwa Kazan aviaobedinenii navo. S. P. Gorbunova. First kure muenzaniso uyu zvakaitika muna 1989. Vakatanga kudirana ndege izvi Soviet Union yevagari avhiyesheni muna 1997 chete. Ndiko, pashure pokuwa Soviet Union. Muna April 2010, ndege vakatanga kubereka chete spetskomplektatsii. Asi rokusika panzvimbo yezvokutengeserana shanduro rikaguma, nokuti haana zvinobatsira. Kunyange zvazvo kuunganidza aifarira yakati uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mikuru vatakuri - "Transaero".

"Tu-204SM"

Uyu zvikuru kunowedzera ndege "Tu-204". Noku "TU-204-100" ake yasimuka kunonyanyisa uremu ichiwedzerwa zvikuru. Uyewo mune muenzaniso uyu upgraded avionics. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, nhamba vashandi wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika vanhu vaviri, achidzikisa zvigaro mundege "TU-204" uye kusiya chikepe pasina pamusoro-bhodhi injiniya. Izvi zvinoitwa maererano dzakawanda tsika yokutevedzera nokuda kirasi iyi.

Mukuwedzera, ndege "Tu-204SM" kwave kuchiita zvimwe zvachinja.

1. Mazuvaano of turbofan "PS-90A2." Izvi Akaperekedzwa vasanyanye mari upenyu kutenderera uye kuwedzera overhaul uye basa zvekuvaka zviyero uye zvikuru zvinhu (inopisa divi - 10000 zvinogara uye kuchitonhora - kusvika 20,000).
2. Updated apu "TA-18-200". Muchiitiko chino, zvakanzi ikawanda kukwira pokutangira uye kumhanya. Wakatangwa midziyo itsva, iyo anoita zvakafanira mabasa zvakafanana zvimwe vanotarisira uye mamiriro zvinodiwa ICAO uye European kuzvidzora.
3. Upgraded chassis. Magadzirirwo nezvavanofunga vakatorwa nhoroondo yose zvinhu kuti dzinoenderana Resource airframe.
4. ari kabhini yave nani.
5. Akaderedza vashandi 2 vezvikepe.
6. Pokuikurukura uye ari kumirira kugadzwa utariri gadziriro obschesamoletnymi dzakabatana (EMS). Uyewo, nani kuvariritira uye Diagnostics.
7. Modernized maitiro: Energy Saver, hydraulic, mafuta uye mhepo kutonhodza.

Pakapera December 2010 akawira pasi pamukova ndege bvunzo "TU-204SM." Rakanga kunze patsime-vaifanira bvunzo mutyairi Viktor Minashkin. Izvi zvakanaka. Zvisinei, zvose miedzo wainyatsotaura yoku- ndege rwaiitwa pamwe zvishoma kunonoka. Venhau mukuru Kumutungamiriri avhiyesheni chirimwa Sergey Dementiev akaudza vateereri kuti bvunzo kutiza muenzaniso uyu rave yaizotongwa December 17, 2010. Zvisinei, akasimbisa kuti basa iri ungano ndege iri mhando inofanira kupiwa purogiramu.

"Aviastar-SP", kambani ine kusvikira 2016 urongwa kubereka 44 ndege "Tu-204SM" mudziyo, akaronga kuti Red Wings Airlines huru vachida. Maererano rokutanga mashoko, mari basa iri riri dzinounzwa kanenge $ 1,8 billion.

In pemwedzi January 2012 panguva yakakurumbira Ulyanovsk ndege chivakwa kambani pasi zita "Aviastar-SP" kwakaitwa mutevedzeri Prime Minister of Russia. Maererano Dmitry Rogozin, kuti advertising itsva ndege "Tu-204SM" mutakurwi mhando kuchaguma June, uye kubvira pakati gore tinogona kutaura kwayo Serial kugadzirwa.

mugumisiro

Pashure pokuverenga apa, munhu anogona chaizvo kuva nzwisisei kuti ndege chinorondedzerwa, uye vamwe kusiyana kwayo zviripo. Uchitikurudzira Tupolev ndege zvakazara kusangana zvimwe zvinodiwa. Pari mhepo vamapoka mhuri vanonakidzwa wandei kudiwa. Technical uye waivako unhu mano kwakadai panguva yakakodzera chechetere. Zvisinei, Developers usaregedza uye kuramba kuvandudza ichi mhando ndege.