Ndezvipi adjectives uye madimikira, fananidzo, vane?

Kuti kunyora rugwaro kana kuti munhu inopenya, catchy uye anotaurisa, hachishandi vanoshandisa dzimwe nzira zvinoyevedza, inonzi nzira dzekare uye nemifananidzo. Idzi dzinosanganisira: dimikira, epithet, vane, gudziramukanwa, kuenzanisa, zvinofananidzira, periphrasis, uye zvimwe zvirungamutauro umo shoko kana mashoko anoshandiswa yokufananidzira, kuti zvose izvi zvikuru kuratidza.

Next tichadzidza sei kusiyanisa siyana mudungwe munzira nzira dzavo kushandiswa.

Ndezvipi adjectives nemadimikira

Inonyanyoshandiswa vasangana mumabhuku mutauro achishandisa kutaura zviri adjectives uye madimikira.

Shoko "epithet" muchiGiriki yakaiswa kuti "kushandiswa". Ndiko, muzita anotova tsanangudzo musimboti - tsanangudzo chiri inonyatsoenzanisira inechirevo chinhu kana chiitiko. The Pakanzi riri akaratidza epithet, kuti abatane zvinorondedzerwa chinhu, anotsigira zvayo mupfungwa uye kunyange semantically.

In wemitauro lexicography hapana vakawanda vaibvuma dzidziso vachiri, achitsanangura chaizvo epithets uye madimikira. Kazhinji kutaura matatu marudzi adjectives:

• The mutauro nevakawanda - vaya vane simba, kazhinji kushandiswa mumabhuku yokukurukurirana kutaura (dova sirivha, kuchitonhora, etc ...);
• pevairwara nhetembo - kushandiswa chevarwere nemabasa (lupus mhandara dzakanaka pakutaura zvakanaka navo, etc ...);
• nomumwe munyori - vakasikwa vanyori nokunyora mabhuku (futlyarnoy nezvavanofunga (A. P. Chehov), scratchy maziso (Gorky)).

Dimikira, mukusiyana kune epithets - haisi chete shoko, asi mashoko rinoshandiswa mupfungwa yokufananidzira. Madimikira vanosarudzwa pamusana zvakafanana kana, Ukuwo, kusiyana chero mananara kana zvinhu.

Sei uye kana dimikira rinoshandiswa

More, chii adjectives uye madimikira, uye chii anosiyana dzavo, izvozvo zvinogona kunzwisiswa kunzwisisa kuti chinokosha chinodiwa kuti kushandisa ekupedzisira ndiwo mavambo yavo, kuti kujairika kugona kuti neshamwari mupfungwa uye kubatsira kusuma vamwe chiitiko kana chinoshamisa.

Heuno muenzaniso dimikira rondedzero denga usiku munyaya "Vatatu" Gorky: "Gwara Way sirivha jira akatambanudzira mhiri kudenga kubva kumugumo mumwe - kutarisa kwaari kuburikidza mapazi emuti kwaimufadza uye ndakasuruvara."

Uchishandisa template, vakarasika kubva kakawanda kushandiswa kwayo mavambo uye mupfungwa saturation madimikira anogona kuderedza kunaka basa kana kutaura hwakataurwa.

No zvishoma ngozi uye angava kunyanyisa, nokuwanda okufananidzira. Tiri nyaya dzakadaro vave buda flowery uye dzemaoresa, nei anogona kuputswa uye ayo maonero.

How kusiyanisa dimikira uye chipauro

Nemabasa dzimwe nguva zvakaoma chaizvo kuti kusiyanisa chaizvo izvo vakaita mudungwe munzira muvambi rinoshandiswa. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira nguva yakawanda kunzwisisa fananidzo, chii adjectives uye madimikira.

Dimikira iri nzira yakanaka, iyo yakavakirwa pamusoro ringanidzo, kuchinjwa tsika mumufananidzo, mufananidzo, "Morning kuseka mahwindo. Meso ake - rima agates ".

Same epithet - mumwe madimikira kacho nyore - uri kuzivikanwa ( "inodziya mukaka mambakwedza nechando nyeredzi inotonhora").

Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, atova zvinogoneka kunzwisisa chii kwokufananidzira, epithet, vane uye kuvawana zvinotevera muenzaniso: "Zvave kuonekwa sechinhu refu tsono dzakamhanya-mhanya pamwe anofara rebhuruu, kubva kumusoro dzengereka makore, anosiya ..." (Ivan Bunin, "The Little dzorudo ").

Zviri pachena kuti pane zvave nemadimikira (madonhwe akabhururuka refu tsono), uye adjectives (kubva smoky makore) uye somunhu (mafaro denga rebhuruu).

Somunhu - dimikira, zvinofananidzira chaiye

Saka chii chinonzi dimikira, epithet, muenzaniso? Izvi, sezvamunoziva, zvinoreva yokutaurirana mafungiro kurutivi Chiitiko kana chinhu, rudzi siyana mavara, vachibvumira kuti akanyorwa kana kutaurwa kwakajeka uye chisingakanganwiki.

Uye ichi dzinogona kuzivikanwa somunhu - chaiwo nzira, kuva refu nhoroondo chaiko kune zvavo unyanzvi. Kutevedzera - ichi kwakafanana kuti zvinofananidzira, kuchinjwa Zvivako yokurarama venyama pamusoro mananara kana zvinhu.

On kushandisa kutevedzera, uye akavaka mumwe pedyo ngano Genres - a ngano.

Kusiyana tropes akadai dimikira, epithet, fananidzo, vane - zviri mari chaizvo mutambo zvakare. Kushandisa izvozvo, havadi rondedzero yacho, zvakakwana kuenzanisa izvozvo chinhu nechakare kuti zvakafanira sangano: "! Sei anosiririsa akafukidzwa chakasakara mashanga pasi nedumbu ingrown hatenki kumaruwa landless murombo, landless vanhuwo zvavo" (JS Sokolov-Mikita, "Childhood").

Kuti kuenzanisa kwakadaro

Hazvibviri kufungidzira basa isina enzaniso, enzaniso zvimwe chete chinhu, fananidzo chimwe chiitiko mumwe, achiita zvakawanda yakarurama, inovarondedzera zvakajeka uye panguva imwe chete kubudisa mafungiro ake kwavari.

Classics mabhuku Russian nounyanzvi nyanzvi unyanzvi kushandiswa epithets, madimikira, fananidzo: "Mune zvitema, Dziine nyeredzi inopenya kudenga vherevheti dema mashizha mapatani akanga akafanana munhu maoko rukabata kudenga achiedza kusvika ayo dzakakwirira" (Bamba Gorky, "Three" ).

Dzakaoma kuziva kuenzanisa

Anorondedzerwa kupfuura kuratidza nzira - fananidzo - rakanyatsojeka zvakaoma kusiyanisa nyaya umo mutongo chete vachishandisa shoko nemibatanidzwa "sei", "chii kana" uye "kana", asi zvimwe zvinangwa.

Kamwe zvakare - the epithets, madimikira, kuenzanisa ndivo nzira inobatsira rokuvandudza, "pendi", akadaro. Saka, muna mutongo "Takaona kuti akafamba zvishoma nezvishoma akananga dondo," hapana kuenzanisa, pane mubatanidzwa, unobva zvikamu ane kunzwisisa mutongo. Pfungwa iri "Isu vakaenda mukoridho, apo kwasviba uye kuchitonhora se pakavanda" (Bunin) kuenzanisa yakajeka (sezvo chando sezvo pakavanda).

Nzira dzekufambisa kuenzanisa rokuti

Uye kuti dzinotevedzana dimikira, epithet, fananidzo, vane aigona pakupedzisira kubata ose dzakarasika, kuzopedza zvishoma pamusoro kuenzanisa.

It runoratidzwa munzira dzakawanda:

• .. Kushandisa nokumukirana nemashoko "sei", "zvakarurama," "akafanana," nezvimwewo ( "bvudzi curled se tunonzwa pizi");
• okufananidza dhigirii chipauro kana dudzirachiito ( "mutauro nechisvo rakapinza");
• ablative rokuti ( "mumwoyo imwe Nightingale vakaimba rudo");
• uye lexically (kushandisa mashoko "akafanana", "yakafanana" uye saizvozvo. d.).

Gudziramukanwa chii

Kubva kushandiswa tropes akadai dimikira, epithet, fananidzo, gudziramukanwa ndicho chatinonyanya wakapfuma, kuwedzeredzwa pfungwa. Vanyori vakawanda nyore kushandisa unyanzvi ichi: "Akanga chaizvo impassive, vamwe ibwe, ruosteessa chiso."

For hyperbolic nzira inogona kunzi kune nakisisa hofori, uye Thumbelina, uye The Mukomana Thumb, kurarama rungano. A gudziramukanwa ari epics - ichi chinhu chinokosha chokufunga: Silushka vane magamba nguva dzose yakakurisa, uye muvengi - inorwadza uye pasina nhamba.

Kunyange mukutaura kwezuva nezuva anogona kuwanikwa gudziramukanwa: "! Hatina kumboona mumwe kwemakore ane chiuru" Kana "yakateurirwa gungwa misodzi."

Enzaniso epithet Kuenzanisa hyperbola uye kazhinji ikashandiswa, mukusika kuenzanisa hyperbolic kana kutevedzera nemadimikira ( "mvura akadurura rusvingo zvikukutu").

Kugona kushandisa vakaita mudungwe munzira achaita matauriro ako yakaumba inopenya

Pane imwe nguva kunyange V. G. Belinsky akapikisa kuti kutaura zvakanaka uye kutaura zvakanaka - hazvisi chinhu chimwe. Pashure pezvose, kunyange usina chaangapomerwa kubva pfungwa nemaonero girama, zvingava zvakaoma kunzwisisa.

Uye kubva apa, iwe pamwe kare kunzwisisa dimikira, epithet, vane, uye kuti azive kuti kushandisa nzira iyi kunokosha zvikuru. Achakubatsira pamwe kuti akanyatsofungwa kuverenga iwoyu Classics - sezvo inogona aionekwa mureza kushanda zvose manyorero hunova yomutauro wokuRussia.

Kutsvaga Kunzwisisa Gogol kuti mitsetse: "... Words semaruva, akadai munyoro, manune uye yakajeka ...", umo duku akagadzirwa zvinoyevedza zvinoreva ane munyori vakakwanisa kutaura zvakajeka pfungwa yake inzwi ramashoko. Uye yeuka, kuti kwokufananidzira, gudziramukanwa epithet - zvokushandisa kuti ottochat kutaura kwako uye, naizvozvo, vanofanira kudzidza kuzvishandisa!