Netsanga: photo, kurimwa, kushandiswa, tsananguro, microscopy

Mumwe inopisa inonhuhwira zvinowanzodavirwa sechinoitika masitadhi. Kuigadzira zvakaoma, uye zvakakwana yaoma zvinopfekwa mbeu bika mumvura uye kuwedzera uremu kuzvimba yakaderera wevasungwa vhiniga (apuro kana waini) uye zvakasiyana inonhuhwira, akadai nekinamoni, mhiripiri, Bay shizha, tarragon, celery, hanyanisi negariki.

Yemasitadha, iro rinoshandiswa pakubika nezvinonhuhwira, ari siyana matatu:

• White. The Tsika chili England uchanzi Chirungu.
• Black. mbeu dzayo anoshandiswa kugadzirira akakurumbira Dijon masitadhi. Kune pamusoro 20 nzira kubika omesa ichi.
• Yemasitadha, muEurope zviri zvikuru inowanzonzi sevatsigiri Russian (pamusoro wake uye ichakurukurwa munyaya yedu).

tsananguro

Yemasitadha chinhu pagore herbaceous chirimwa, richisvika munhu kukwirira 40-100 masendimita neshamhu, hwaiva simba mudzi. On twasu branching madzinde akaronga hunde mashizha, kupera mudenga, apo nhoroondo haasi zvikuru yakakamurwa, wakaatapudza uye petiole. Chinonyanya mashizha vari humwewo, petiolate, kazhinji lirovidnoperisto-lobed, girini, uye izvozvo panguva chaizvo pamusoro - rose, sessile, asi kwete amplexicaul uye rinokwanisa kucheneruka Hue.

Inflorescence kwetsanga sarepstkoy - schetkovidnaya bhurasho kuti nokukurumidza anova refu vari maruva nguva. Mana-perianth kuumbwa munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva sepals, yendarama-yellow Corolla uye petals, vakakurumidza kuderedza ari chipikiri. In sarepstkoy yemasitadha - 6 Stamens, vaviri vari zvokunze uye mapfupi, zvishoma uchi mumasero nechepasi; pamberi mbiri refu, pane imwe huru chidimbu chesimbi. The pistil ine ovary-mhango uye capitate rusarura.

Zvibereko wetsanga mune Linear, mutete, lumpy pod urefu kubva 7 kusvika 12 mm. The dhayamita kumbeu - anenge 1 neMM, ruvara yavo inogona kana dema-rinokwanisa kucheneruka uye shava kana zvacheneruka tsvuku. Flowering yemasitadha iri May, uye michero ichiibvira - June.

Where yakawanikwa?

Yemasitadha absently chinokura muna Central Asia, kuchamhembe China, Mongolia uye Southern kuSiberia. Chirimwa chinogona kuwanikwa zvose inowanzorimwa rokufambira, uye panyika pedyo nemigwagwa shama. Kusiyanisa pakati chizvarwa uye feral yemasitadha nani zvakaoma. The Russian chirimwa angosimuka mukana akaunza Lower Volga noruchinda mbeu uye mapfunde, asi vanhu veko akakwanisa kuongorora ehupfumi ose oleaginous zvinomera, uye vakatanga riitwe kwayo kurimwa. Pari, kudyara nzvimbo pakati oilseeds nzvimbo yechitatu iri sareptskaya netsanga (kushandiswa, unhu uye makemikari anoumba vanorondedzerwa zvakadzama munyaya ino) chaizvo. Kwete kure mumusha pakutanga Sarepta kwetsanga mafuta chigayo kunyange yakavhurwa 1810.

Masitadhi: Microscopy

In mbeu, zvinosanganisira ganda uye embryo iri rinenge hapana muviri yokutsiva rinenge kana endosperm. A muchinjikwa chinogona kuonekwa zvishoma chidhongi cotyledons uye mudzi kumativi chimiro.

Yemasitadha (microscopy iri yasimbiswa) ine mana akaturikidzana. Large Hauoneki masero ane madzihwa iumbe rokunze layer kana Epiderme e. Izvi zvinoteverwa guru chaizvo masero dzakaonda-norusvingo, kuzvimba pamwe macerating uye akapotsa akawira pasi pakaoma mbeu.

Masero wechitatu, sclerenchyma rukoko maitire chaizvo marongerwo. On muchinjikwa-chikamu zvikavaona richidzoka, hwakabatana pamwe dzisakarurama pakakwirira, iro noruvara kuwedzera, ipapo kudzikira. Izvi imhaka mbeu uye pitted pemvura.

Tangential elongated masero ane shava ruvara, vanoumba marongera chechina - ganda akatevera endosperm. Asi embryo rinenge chinomiririrwa masero mutete-nemasvingo ane mafuta mafuta uye aleurone mbeu.

makemikari anoumba

mbeu yemasitadha ine zvinokosha anonhuwirira uye Allyl netsanga, potassium bisulfate uye glycoside sinigrin ozeyewa kuti Shuga pasi pokudzora mirozina enzayemu. Kubva yakaviriswa mbeu vanogona kugadzirirwa yemasitadha kuchikosha mafuta kuburikidza DISTILLATION uchishandisa chiutsi. The Kuronga vakawana chigadzirwa aripo hapana anopfuura 40% Allyl netsanga mafuta uye kusvika 50% krotonilgorchichnogo uye tsianallil, kungoda kabhoni disulfide uye dimethyl sulfide. Uyezve, zviri munyaya Kuvapo Watermark slabovysyhayuschego kwetsanga mafuta nuna mafuta zvinosanganisira erucic, oleic, linoleic, legkotsenovoy, linolenic, myristic asidhi uye behenic acid, uye madzihwa nemapurotini. Mashizha chirimwa rine carotene, ascorbic acid, calcium yakawanda munyu uye nesimbi.

Masitadhi: kukura

Chirimwa chinokura zvakanaka yokusazvibata, yakaorera uye zvakanaka vakapedzwa ivhu, mukuwedzera, vanofanira kuwana chiedza chezuva. Inoparadzirwa netsanga (description, microscopy, makemikari anoumba yakapiwa pamusoro) mbeu yakawira pakachena muvhu chiri patsime chinodiwa. Kazhinji, nokuti kurima miti vakasarudzwa dzinodiwa inodziya mumamirire ekunze.

Kudyara shizha yemasitadha mbeu rinoitwa sezvo mangwanani sezvinobvira. Flowering miti iri June uye July, uyewo mamwe vamiririri makabheji mhuri. Panguva yapfuura vanodyara rosette mashizha ngavauye pamberi kwezuva, mazuva refu, mukuwedzera, richi- kura mbesa achadzivirirwa kubva crucifer nhata zvipembenene.

Yaikura yemasitadha optionally govera akaparadzana mibhedha, inokura zvakanaka uye pakati pemitsara. Mbeu zviri unodyarwa kuti kudzika hapana anopfuura 1 cm. Panongotanga wokutanga mashizha, mizambiringa yakabva kumwe vanofanira dzakaonda kuitira kuti daro pakati pavo kwakanga 5 kusvika 8 cm. Pashure vanoda kuberekesa senitrogen fetiraiza uye kudiridza. Pashure pemazuva anenge 20 kwetsanga kukwirira kunosvika 10-15 cm uye takagadzirira kushandiswa.

Close nehama nemagariro zvinomera zviri makabheji, watercress, radishes, turnips, rutabaga, radish, kubata chibharo, chando uye chitubu oilseed chibharo. Izvi zvinofanira kufungwa kana kuronga zvakadyarwa mbeu. Not akakodzera yaikura yemasitadha munzvimbo kare akakura neshinda mafuta mbeu, mapfunde, sunflower kana bhiti.

How kuunganidza uye vawanire mbishi zvekushandisa?

Yemasitadha, kana pane mbeu dzayo vagadzirira kukohwa kana raibva panzvimbo dzapasi uye pakati zvikamu chirimwa pods, saka vakatanga kufa ezasi mashizha.

First uswa kuti aiyanika uye zvinyoronyoro upure uye kuchenesa mbeu. Vakabva kunyenga nhete rukoko pamusoro tireyi uye pakupedzisira yaoma ari tsime ventilated nzvimbo. To nani mbishi ratanga Ipwa, rinogona pafiripi kana kurunga.

The waoma mbeu yemasitadha dzinofamba machira muhomwe. Zviunganidzirei mbishi zvinhu inokurudzirwa ari mupurigatori munyika ventilated uye panzvimbo yakaoma, kudzivisa mustiness.

Pasherufu upenyu yemasitadha mbeu - 2 years, saka edza kuzvishandisa panguva ino. Kana yakatsvuka zvinhu vachiri vakasara, zvinofanira kunze. mbeu nonoka hadzina kurumbidzwa kushandiswa.

Masitadhi sezvo mupfudze

Sezvo manyoro chirimwa gobvu, kuitwa midzi muvhu kuti Munoipfumisa pamwe Organic zvinhu angashandiswa masitadhi. The mitema mufudze:

• kukwanisa kubvisa nyika nemasora, kunyanya mu anorimwa nevhu.
• Nemhaka vakachenjera phytosanitary ehupfumi kunodzivirira slugs, wireworm uye pizi chitemamachira, kunotadzisa chitarisiko mukupera nenyunje uye gwati pamusoro matapiri.
• Nokukurumidza inowedzera biomass, zvichiguma ivhu replenishes muviri.
• It anovandudza ivhu mamiriro. Midzi wetsanga, richisvika munhu kureba 1.5-3 metres, zvakanaka vakapedzwa ivhu uye kusunungura kuti anopa kwazvo mwando kurwisa vozduhoemkost.
• Rinononotsa senitrogen mu ivhu uye vatendeuki zvimwe zvinovaka muviri ari organics pasina kuvarega vaende zvakadzama rukoko.
• Pasi pokudzora chando chirimwa zvakasvibirira mupfudze iri dzikwanise pevhu, izvo zvaizoitawo mumatsutso uye chando kudzivirira pasi kubva kuoma nechando.

masitadhi mhando

Panguva mazita maberekero nebudiriro Russian Federation vakanyorwa 9 mhando wetsanga unotendwa kushandiswa:

• Freckles - mangwanani achikura, pamwe Semi-pakuparadzira rosette, yokusvika nekukwirira 25-28 masendimita kubva yamera kusvikira kucheka greenery Zara kubvira pamazuva 25 kusvika 30 ..
• Masitadhi volnushki. Technical kukura kunouya mwedzi. Early achikura siyana ane zvishoma kuparadzira, hombe, tote rosette mu dhayamita rinosvika 25-32 cm. Netsanga volnushki kukurumidza kuwedzera munyoro guru.
• Arigato.
• Ladushka. Technical kukura kunouya pashure pemazuva 58-60.
• Mustang - pakati-sosaiti, chirimwa kukwirira rinosvika 25-27 cm.
• Sadko.
• Pretty. Unganidzai mutema anogona kutanga mazuva 18-20 mushure chidzoke.
• Prima.
• Simba.

Kushandiswa kicheni

Yemasitadha akawana kushandiswa pakubika. Kubva zvinoitika zvinonakidza zvikuru, amplifying palatability kuti ndiro zhinji. kwetsanga upfu akashandiswa pakunyora mayonnaise, sauces siyana uye dressings. The yakapwanyika mbeu kupa rinokosha yeshoko Sausages nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.

Zvokudya zvomumagaba, arisase wetsanga upfu, huchavapo refu. Spoon yemasitadha Kazhinji semupi kwokunwa hove uye nyama, uyewo kusvuta.

Nuna kwetsanga mafuta nokuda zvakanaka kuravira rinoshandiswa kwete chete pane kubika asiwo pagadzirwe zvakabikwa zvinhu uye zvomumagaba zvibereko. Maererano chef munyika dzakawanda, ichi chinhu chakanakisisa condiment nokuda salads, bhinzi madhishi, nyama uye sauces.

Kwetsanga upfu chikamu wechipfuwo kugadzirwa sauces, "Kuban", "Amateur" uye "South". Young yemasitadha Greens kana kuwedzera salads kwete kupfumisa navo chete vhitamini C, asi kunonatsiridza palatability.

Dzimwe nzvimbo kushandiswa

Yemasitadha awana kushanda kwete chete mumba pakubika asi mushonga. Grindings kubva mafuta mbeu miti inoshandiswa chikosoro, Árbol anogumbura chirwere, peripheral tsinga, pleurisy, dzinonzi rheumatoid arthritis, radiculitis uye myositis.

Kwetsanga mafuta keke rinoshandiswa senzira mbishi zvinhu chokuwana phytin, iyo inoratidza kuti dambudziko neurasthenia, scrofula, hypotension uye vascular diathesis. Migumisiro yakanaka vari vakawana kana zvinodhaka kusabetsera uye kurasikirwa kudya.