Nezvishamiso: The Lighthouse wokuAlexandria

Mumwe nomwe zvinoshamisa munyika ndiwo Lighthouse cheArekizandiria - mamiriro, yakavakwa pachitsuwa Pahath muzana remakore rechitatu BC. Building riri pedyo yakakurumbira guta reIjipiti pamusoro Arekizandriya, maererano ichi, uye akamupa zita. Munogonawo kungava okuti "Farossky bhikoni" - zita chitsuwa iro riri.

ramangwana

First Wonder the World - Lighthouse wokuAlexandria - pakutanga akagadzirirwa kubatsira vafambisi vakatsauka vachida kusvika kumahombekombe, nokuputsa kumboongororwa zvakachengeteka. Usiku, nzira yakavhenekerwa moto uye chiratidzo namatanda chiedza zvinobva moto hombe, uye masikati - plumes utsi zvinobva mumoto, riri pa musoro zvomumvura shongwe. Lighthouse wokuAlexandria akashumira kwemakore anoda kusvika makore chiuru, asi rakanga zvikuru ukama nokudengenyeka muna 796 BC. Pashure kwenyika ino nokusingaperi akanyorwa shanu zvakaramba simba zvikuru uye kwenguva refu kuti pakupedzisira akaburusira basa iri kwazvo maoko evanhu. Chokwadi, akanga asiri kungoedza vakiridza, asi kuedza vose chete kwakaita kuti Zvinosara nayo nhare duku, yakavakwa Sultan Qaitbay muzana remakore rechi15. Hazvina simba ichi uye zvinogona kuonekwa nhasi. It - zvose zvakasara ichi zvikuru vaakasika.

nyaya

Ngativerengei yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora nhoroondo uye tione sei yakanyatsovakwa hazvishamisi ino, nekuti zvinonakidza chaizvo uye hunakidze. Zvinhu zvakawanda zvaitika, zvimwe zvinoitwa kuvakwa uye chinangwa chawo - zvose izvi isu vachakuudza pazasi, regai kuva simbe chete kuverenga.

Aripiko Lighthouse cheArekizandiria

The yechiedza yakavakwa pamusoro chitsuwa chiduku chainzi Pahath, riri mu Mahombekombe yomuAlexandria muMediterranean. Nhoroondo yose yechiedza ichi pakutanga chokuita nezita romutungamiriri huru Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Aiva musiki chinoshamisa rokutanga nyika - zvinhu unozvikudza zvose zvavanhu. Pachitsuwa ichi, Aleksandr Veliky akasarudza kutanga chengarava chikuru, zvaakanga chaizvoizvo akaita muna 332 BC, pakushanya kwake kuIjipiti. The kuvakwa vaakagamuchira mazita maviri: kutanga - mukukudza uyo akasarudza kuivaka, uye wechipiri - mushure Chiwi iro riri. Kuwedzera yechiedza inozivikanwa vakadaro Mukundi akasarudza kuvaka kunyange chete guta - mumwe zvengarava kupfuura muMediterranean. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvose hwake, Alexander Mukuru akavaka anenge gumi policies anonzi "Alexandria", asi izvi zvava nhoroondo uye anozivikanwa nanhasi. Panzvimbo yokutanga yakanga akavaka guta, uye chete pashure ake chikuru kukwezvana. Pakutanga, kuvakwa yechiedza vanofanira vaenda makore 20, asi pane zvakanga. Yose muitiro akatora makore 5 chete okuberekwa, asi pasinei ichi, chivako akaona nyika chete muna 283 BC, pashure pokufa Aleksandra Makedonskogo - munguva Ptolemy II, hurumende - Mambo weIjipiti.

kuvaka Features

Aleksandr Makedonsky akasarudza nokungwarira zvikuru kutaura nyaya kuvakwa. Sezvinotaurwa mune dzimwe manyuko, anopfuura makore maviri akasarudza nzvimbo pakuvaka chiteshi. Mukundi aisada kusika guta Delta rworwizi rwaNire, raakanga awana yokutsiva yakanaka chaizvo. The kuvakwa nzvimbo misasa maviri makiromita rwezasi, pedyo yapwa nyanza Mareotis. Kare, paiva pakakwirira Rakotis guta muIjipiti, izvo zvinozoita akwanise muduku rose kuvaka kwacho. Zvose zvakanakira nzvimbo yakanga kuti chengarava akakwanisa kutora mudziyo kubva Sea reMediterranean uye kubvira kuRwizi Nile, yaiva mari chaizvo uye diplomatically. Izvi kwete chete vakawedzera mari mukundi, asi vaimubatsira uye vateveri vake kuti kuvaka noushamwari hwakasimba uye vatengesi uye nomugungwa varume panguva. City akakwanisa kusika munguva youpenyu Macedon, asi Lighthouse cheArekizandiria aiva kukura Ptolemy Soter rokutanga. Ndiye yakanatswa magadzirirwo uye arishandise.

Lighthouse kuna Alexandria. mufananidzo

Kutarira mufananidzo, tinogona kuona kuti bhikoni chinosanganisira anoverengeka "akaturikidzana". shongwe machena nhatu huru kumira pahwaro hombe ibwe kutigumbura, rairema zana anoverengeka zviuru matani. shongwe yokutanga yakaita imwe rectangle hombe. Inside nayo pane dzimba dzaizopiwa varwi pekugara uye kushanda chengarava. Top akanga zvishoma octagonal shongwe. Spiral murwere ari yezwi rokumusoro cylindrical neshongwe, mukati iyo dzichengeterwe moto guru, waimira sechiedza kunobva. The mamiriro rose yairema miriyoni shoma matani, dzakakudzingai zvemaoresa uye midziyo yemagetsi mukati maro. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, ivhu iri kutanga kunyura, kukonzera zvinetso zvakakomba uye zvaida mamwe masvingo uye kuvakwa.

Kutanga moto

Pasinei nokuti Pahath Cuba yakavakwa kuti 285 - 283 makore BC, akatanga kushanda chete pakutanga remakore rokutanga BC. Panguva iyoyo yose hurongwa chiratidzo zviedza yakazokudziridzwa nekushanda kuburikidza hombe Disc yendarira, kutungamirira chiedza mugungwa. In kufanana sezvamunoita izvozvi yagadzirwa gunpowder, izvo anosunungura hombe yakawanda utsi - nzira kutaridzwa nzira masikati.

Kukwirira uye daro pamusoro ichibviswa chiedza

Kunopindirana kukwirira Alexandria Cuba - kubva 120 kusvika 140 meters (musiyano kwayo differential pasi). Nemhaka iyi urongwa chiedza kubva moto wakaonekwa ari chinhambwe 60 makiromita inopenya ekunze (pane uchapupu kuti yakadzikama chiedza waioneka sezvo makiromita 100 kana kupfuura) uye kusvika 45-50 makiromita panguva mabhanan'ana. Mirayiridzo nemwaranzi kwakaitika nokuda chaiwo kuvaka mumisara dzakawanda. Yokutanga akatevedzana aiva mativi mana prism, ane kureba kunosvika 60-65 metres, ane mativi nehwaro 900 mativi mamita. Pano, chitoro uwandu, uye zvose unofanira mupopotedzane uye kuramba ari "nokusingaperi" moto. The hwaro pakati mugove vakashumira guru sandara muvharo iyo pamakona akanga yakashongedzwa guru yakanyungudutswa Triton. nzvimbo iyi yaiva shongwe octagonal vachena machena pakukwirira 40 mamita. The chetatu yechiedza inovakwa pamusoro mbiru sere, pamusoro pavo nzvimbo huru, iyo yakashongedzwa hombe masere mita chidhori Poseidon endarira. Chimwe zita nokuti chifananidzo - Zeus Muponesi.

"Eternal Flame"

Kuramba moto zvakaomesa basa. Daily kunodiwa kupfuura matani huni dzomoto aigona kupisa anodiwa simba. Wood, rinova zvinhu mukuru, nenzira zvikuru vakagadzirira ngoro mumhenderekedzo zononoka ndokudzikunda. Ngoro kukweva namahesera, vakatora anopfuura zana kuwedzera. Kubatidza moto kupararira kure sezvinobvira, murazvo mujinga nomumwe mbiru, ndokuisa huru machira dzendarira, izvo, uye kutungamirira chiedza.

mamwe dzakasiyana

Maererano zvinyorwa uye kuponesa gwaro, Lighthouse cheArekizandiria vakasamushumira chete sechiedza mabviro vanokanganisa vezvikepe. Nokuti mauto rakava nezvakataurwa post masayendisiti - imwe isinganzwisisiki Observatory. Accounts vanoti kuti paiva chaizvo anonakidza michina midziyo - maawa maumbirwo zvose uye hukuru, vanekuva, uyewo nenzvimbo uye muchadenga zviridzwa zhinji. Kumwewo dzinoratidza kuvapo hombe mumaraibhurari uye zvikoro, ane okuverengwa chinonyanya anoranga, asi izvozvo hazvina nouchapupu hwakati.

rufu

Beacon rufu yakaitika kwete chete nokuda yokudengenyeka kwepasi simba, asiwo nokuti kuti apo panopinda iri rinenge kurega kushandisa, nokuti chaizvo silted kumusoro. Kamwe chengarava rava kukodzera kushandiswa, nemahwendefa endarira, kuburikidza icho chiedza chinotungamirwa mugungwa ikanyauka kupinda mari uye zvishongo. Asi hauna magumo. Complete bhikoni kufa chakaitika muzana remakore rechi15, panguva imwe simba kupfuura kudengenyeka chati chamboitika kuGungwa reMediterranean. Pashure paizvozvo, mapfupa vakadzorerwa kakawanda uye akava nhare, uyewo dzimba shoma vanogara pachitsuwa.

Munyika yanhasi

To musi, Pahath Lighthouse, ane mapikicha zvinogona nyore chaizvo kuwana, ndomumwe mashoma Monuments of mapurani, nhoroondo uye vakarasika munguva. Ichi chinhu kuti achiri chinokunakidza masayendisiti maviri uye vanhuwo zvavo, vanoda kuti nemakore zvinhu, nokuti kunosanganisira zvakawanda zviitiko, mabhuku mabasa uye kwesayenzi zvakawanwa kuti zvinokosha kuti nyika kukura. Zvinosuruvarisa, kwete zvakawanda wakasara 7 zvinoshamisa munyika. Lighthouse wokuAlexandria, kana pane chete chikamu chacho, mumwe zvivako iwayo, izvo zvinogona kudada vanhu. Zvisinei, zvose wakasara nayo - Rinongova yakaderera weDanho, waimira sezvo yokuchengetera uye nzvimbo yokugara vashandi uye vashandi zvechiuto. Nemhaka zhinji yaigadzirisa chidziro haana kuparadzwa zvachose. remade ake kupinda chinhu chakafanana duku Castle-nhare, umo akararama vagari vasara chitsuwa. Izvi ndizvo zvamunofanira kuona nokushanyira chitsuwa Pahath, riri chaizvo nevakawanda pakati vashanyi. Mushure kwakakwana pakuvaka uye kushongedzwa Cuba ane zvimwe ano Kutarira, zvichiita kuti ano chivako pamwe kare.

zvimwe zvirongwa

Lighthouse wokuAlexandria ndomumwe nzvimbo pasi kudzivirira UNESCO. Nokuda siyana rokugadziridza basa kuti aponese yemauto pakuparadzwa pagore. Paiva kunyange nguva apo kutaura sei kuti atangezve zvakazara ayo rapfuura chimiro, asi hachina kuitwa kubva ipapo kusvika yechiedza yakarasikirwa chinzvimbo chayo somumwe zvinoshamisa munyika. Asi kuiona kunofanira kana uchinyatsoda vanofarira munhau.