Nhamba yepanyama iri ... Kuyera masimba. Hurongwa hwehuwandu hwenyama

Physics somunhu nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza mananara zvakasikwa, achishandisa chiyereso tsvakurudzo nzira. Huru muzvikamu ndiwo: pakuongorora, hypotheses, mufambiro kuedza, kudzidza dzidziso. Munguva Maonero akasimbisa nevamwe zviri Chiitiko, mararamiro ayo Chokwadi, zvinobvira zvinokonzera nemigumisiro. Pfungwa anogona kutsanangura kosi zviitiko, kuti asimbise mitemo yayo. The kuedza rinobvuma (kana rinosimbisa) fungidziro. Kunoitawo kuti kuisa kuwanda pakati kwazvo iri kosi yacho kuedza, iyo inosvitsa pokugadzwa chaiwo dependencies. Itariro Zvakaitika kosi yacho ndeyokuti hwaro masayendisiti dzidziso.

No dzidziso havagoni vanoti yakavimbika, kana asina kugamuchira kuzara uye isiyo nokusimbisa panguva kuedza. Wokupedzisira inobatanidzwa kuyerwa chaiko zvakawanda zvinoratidza muitiro. Physical kwazvo - ndiyo hwaro kuyerwa.

Chiiko ichi

Kana nokuyerwa tsika idzodzo, izvo zvinoratidza kururama kwemashoko pfungwa nezvemitemo. Physical kwazvo - kurondedzera nesayenzi muviri, Qualitative ukama zvakajairika kuti muzvizhinji miviri akafanana. Nokuti mumwe muviri zvakadaro quantitative cho evasingatombonamati nomumwe.

. Kana isu kutendeukira kune mabhuku, bhuku M. Yudin and said (1989 yakabudiswa) tinoverenga kuti kwomuviri kwazvo ndiye "hunhu mumwe zvivako rwomuviri chinhu (kwomuviri gadziriro, Fani kana muitiro), nhamba iri vara zvakawanda zvinhu, asi maererano nhamba mumwe nomumwe chinhu. "

Ozhegov (1990 yakabudiswa) rinoti wenyama kwazvo iri - ". Kukura, kukura, kureba chinhu"

Somuenzaniso, kureba - mumuviri uwandu. Mechanics inobata sezvo daro refu, vachishandisa electrodynamics waya yakareba wethermodynamics zvineringanidzo kwazvo anosarudza pakukora vascular madziro. Musimboti pfungwa ndewokuti: kuti chikwata kukosha chingava zvakafanana, uye mutengo - siyana.

The runoratidza wenyama yakawanda Somuenzaniso, kubva akarongeka, ndiyo Kuwanikwa dzakabatana. Meter, rutsoka, makubhiti - mienzaniso urefu dzakabatana.

zviumbu yakayerwa

Kuyera mumuviri uwandu, inofanira kuenzaniswa kukosha yakagamuchirwa muzana chikwata. Rangarirai zvinoshamisa katuni "mana navasere remaparrot." Yokuisa kureba Boa, mabhii akayera kureba muna remaparrot, ari nzou, kuti tsoko. Panyaya iyi, iyo Boa urefu tichienzanisa kukura vamwe katuni vatambi. Zvakaguma zvaitsamira quantitatively nokuda bhuku.

The chikwata muviri kwazvo - chiyero chayo kuyerwa nenzira chaiyo nyika dzakabatana. Kuvhiringidzika nezviyero izvi zvauya kwete chete nokuda kukwana, kusiyanasiyana matanho, asi dzimwe nguva nemhaka hama dzakabatana.

Russian chiyero urefu - mamita - daro pakati indekisi nomunwe uye thumbs. Zvisinei, maoko ose vanhu vakasiyana, uye makubhiti, akayera nechanza chomunhu, rakasiyana pachivanze kurudyi mwana kana mukadzi. Chete musiyano pakati kureba matanho chokuita vakati vapfuura (daro pakati kumuromo kwematanda neminwe munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva kunze maoko) uye kugokora (daro kubva pakati nomunwe kusvikira kugokora ruoko).

Sezvineiwo, zviri vatariri muchitoro akatora varume vashoma kwazvo. Vatengesi venjere akaponesa zvinyama kushandisa akawanda maduku Meryl: mamita, kugokora kuzvinzwisisa.

kumusoro maitiro

siyana kwakadaro zviyero zviripo kwete chete kuRussia asiwo dzimwe nyika. Nhanganyaya vezvikwata zvaiwanzoodza zvemasanga, dzimwe nguva zviumbu aya akatanga chete nokuda zvivanakire nezviyero dzavo. Somuenzaniso, nokuti kuyera mumhepo kumanikidzwa akasuma mmHg. Anozivikanwa ruzivo Torricelli, sezvamakaropafadzwa chubhu rinoshandiswa nokudaro swamping nemekiyuri kupinda kujairika ukoshi yakadaro.

Engine simba kufananidzwa horsepower (ndiko kunoitwa nguva yedu).

Various chaiko zvakawanda kuyerwa muviri zvakawanda kuita kunzwisisa kwete chete uye wokusavimbika, asiwo zvinoomesa kukura nesayenzi.

Yunifomu Tsika zviyero

Rakabatana maitiro mumuviri zvakawanda, hwomutambarakede uye optimized ose dzakabudirira nyika, rava faniro. The hwaro pfungwa rakagamuchirwa sezvo kusarudza duku inobvira nhamba vezvikwata nayo kufambidzana kungaratidzwa, uye dzimwe tsika. tsika dzinokosha kwakadaro haafaniri waakaita kune mumwe, mutengo wavo oga akatsunga uye vainzwisisa chero zvoupfumi.

Takaedza kugadzirisa dambudziko iri munyika dzakasiyana. Creation rakabatana kwegadziriro zviyero (arşive, GHS, ISS, etc.) ndakaita kudzokororwa, asi izvi hurongwa vari zvakavaomera kana kubva esayenzi maonero, kana mudzimai, maindasitiri mafomu.

Basa akaisa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, dzashanduka kuti kusarudza chete muna 1958. Pamusangano rakabatana hurongwa chaipiwa kuna International Komiti Legal Metrology.

The vabatane Tsika zviyero

1960 kwakaratidza musangano risingakanganwiki of General Conference pamusoro muzviyereso. Rakasiyana nemamwe maitiro, inonzi «Systeme internationale d'Unites» (rakapfupikiswa SI) rakagamuchirwa chisarudzo peungano iyi kunowanokudzwa. Mugore Russian shanduro ino inonzi International System (SI chidimbu).

Rakundwa sepokutangira 7 makuru ndivo uye 2 yokuwedzera. ukoshi hwavo kusanganiswa kunotemwa sezvo chiero

Zviri mumuviri kwazvo SI

Zita chikuru chikwata	measurand	izita
		internationalist	Russian
chikuru chikwata
kilogram	uremu	makirogiramu	makirogiramu
mita	urefu	M	M
chechipiri	nguva	S	ne
ampere	mafambiro	A	A
Kelvin	tembiricha	K	K
nhuta	uwandu yamarudzi	mol	nhuta
Candela	luminous umbirimi	CD	CD
mamwe dzakabatana
radian	sandara angled	rad	anofara
steradian	chakasimba angled	Acting	cf.

The Hurongwa anogona hahuzi chete dzakabatana nomwe, sezvo siyana pezvakaitwa hwomuviri zvakasikwa zvinoda yebhuku vakawanda tsika itsva. The chaizvo Murongerwo inopa kwete chete okutanga vezvikwata itsva, asiwo ukama hwavo muchimiro kufambidzana (vari anowanzonzi zvokuimba kuti miganhu).

The chikwata muviri kwazvo akawana kushandisa chokuwanziridza, Exponentiation uye kugovera chawo zviyero mu fomura miganhu. Kushaya kusanganiswa coefficients mu equations izvi zvinoita hurongwa rakafanira kwete chete muzvinhu zvose, asi coherent (coherent).

hwokurara zvidzidzo

The zviumbu vari vakaumba nomwe mukuru, makadanirwa nomukaka. Kunze huru uye hwokurara zviyero, kudiwa okusuma dzokuwedzera (radian uye steradian). miganhu dzavo vanoonekwa kuti razero. Kushaya zviridzwa tsanangudzo kwavo haikwani kuti akavayera. Sumo dzavo imhaka kushanda yokungotaura tsvakurudzo. Somuenzaniso, zvinhu kwazvo "simba" munyika unotaurwa Newtons. Sezvo simba - a nechiyero yakawiriranwa chiito kwemiviri pamusoro mumwe, ndiye chikonzero kusiyanisa kumhanya womumwe body mass, zvino unogona kutsanangura nayo sezvo zvinobikwa chikwata guru pa Unit zvazvingava, yakakamurwa nokuda chairema nguva:

F = k0M0v / T, apo k - proportionality chinhu, M - vakawanda Unit, ndima - kumhanya Unit, T - nguva chikwata.

SI miganhu kunopa mutoo: n = kg0m / ^2, apo zviyero zvitatu zvinoshandiswa. Uye kilogram uye meter, uye wechipiri akataura wechikoro. The proportionality coefficient akaenzana 1.

Possible okusuma dimensionless tsika, izvo se nhamba dzakafanana zvakawanda. Kune vaya zvinosanganisira kuti coefficient kuti kukweshera, sezvo chikazozikamwa, ndiyo nhamba frictional simba kune simba chakaipa kumanikidzwa.

ZVIRI panyama zvakawanda zvinobva dzinokosha

chikwata zita	measurand	ndeiya yakaita fomura
gst boces	simba	kg0m 2 0s -2
Pascal	kumanikidza	kr0 mamita -1 -2 0C
tesla	rinobva induction	0A 0C KG -1 -2
volt	voltage	2 makirogiramu 0m 0s 0s -1 -3
Ohm	magetsi nemishonga	2 makirogiramu 0m 0s 0s -3 -2
pendant	Electric nokuchengeta	A0 pamwe
watt	simba	2 makirogiramu 0m 0s -3
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 M -1 0c 4 0A 2
Gst boces pa Kelvin	kupisa chinzvimbo	2 makirogiramu 0m 0s -1 -2 0K
Becquerel	Basa radioactive fuma	-1 C
Weber	rinobva nekubudisa	0kg 0s 2 mamita 0s -1 -2
Henry	inductance	0kg 0s 2 mamita 0s -2 -2
Hertz	maitikiro	-1
pfumbu	kunyura dose	2 M 0s -1
Sievert	Noenderana nemwaranzi dose	2 M 0s -2
umbozha	chiedza	mamita -2 -2 0kd 0sr
lumen	luminous nekubudisa	CD 0sr
Newton	Strength, uremu	0kg mamita 0s -2
Siemens	magetsi conductivity	0kg -1 M -2 0s 3 0A 2
Farad	permittance	0kg -2 M -1 0c 4 0A 2

Common dzakabatana

Kushandisa nhoroondo netsika vasiri SI kana akasiyana chete kusanganiswa chinhu, zviri pasi nokuyerwa tsika. Izvi Common dzakabatana. Somuenzaniso, mmHg, X-ray, uye vamwe.

The kusanganiswa coefficients akashandiswa pakatanga vakawanda uye submultiple zvakawanda. Chivakashure anoenderana imwe nhamba. Miyenzaniso centi-, kilo-, deca, mega- uye vamwe vakawanda.

1 kiromita = 1000 mamita,

1 masendimita = 0.01 m.

typology netsika

Ngatiedzei tsanangurai zvimwe zvinhu zviri inokubvumirai kuisa mhando ukoshi.

1. Direction. Kana zvinoitwa wenyama kwazvo chokuita mirayiridzo zvakananga, zviri kunzi Vector, vamwe - scalar.

2. Kuvapo divi. Kuvapo mumuviri kwazvo pakati nzira runoita akavashevedza miganhu. Kana ari yemaitiro, zviyero zvose vane dhigirii razero, ipapo dzinonzi dimensionless. Zvingava nani kudana zvakawanda dzavo divi akaenzana 1. Pashure pfungwa dimensionless uwandu musoro. The chikuru pfuma - divi - haina akadzima!

3. By achiwedzera nemikana. Chirungiso huwandu, iyo ukoshi inogona kuwedzerwa, subtracted, kane ane chinhu, nezvimwewo (semuenzaniso, uremu) - .. A mumuviri uwandu, inova integrable.

4. chokuita mumuviri hurongwa. Kukuru - kana mutengo wayo anogona aumba kubva tsika yacho subsystem. Muenzaniso ndiyo nzvimbo akayera mu pachivara mamita. Intensive - kukosha, izvo mutengo uri yakazvimirira hurongwa. Kune vaya zvinosanganisira tembiricha.