Nhatu dzokutanga chati: chii uye ndiani

Nhatu dzokutanga chati - a nenzvimbo mepu, rine Meteorological zvaanorumbidza vanoverengeka pazviteshi, takatarisa mamiriro okunze, unganidzwa pane imwe nguva uye Logged kugamuchirwa pakati forecasters zviratidzo uye zviratidzo. Makadhi kwakadaro Meteorological chiteshi ndiyo kakati pazuva, uye systematization uye kuongorora ruzivo urwu rinoshandiswa mamiriro okunze.

mhando

Zvichienderana chaizvo mashoko unganidzwa nokuda pamusoro nhatu dzokutanga machati vari, rin'i uye-soro vanomutswa.

Pamusoro nhatu dzokutanga mepu unotora kucherechedza Meteorological pazviteshi pa zvikamu 3 h. It rinoshandisirwa Meteorological pakuongorora zvinhu kumativi pakati pfungwa nzvimbo uchishandisa dzakawanda nhatu dzokutanga remitemo KH-01.

Ring kadhi - mhando nhatu dzokutanga mepu iri iyo Meteorological Data vanoonekwa muchimiro mhete zvinokosheswa zviteshi yaiva kumativi yakati Meteorological nzvimbo. Makadhi aya kuva huru kunobva pfupi-rokuti ekunze for imwe nzvimbo. The mashoko pamusoro kuchengetwa Meteorological mananara, padanho kufurirwa uye frontal munyika dzine zvinoratidzwa pamepu namavara siyana.

High-simuka, kana huyo-mhepo mepu systematize ruzivo pamusoro mamiriro okunze panguva imwe yakakwirira. Ivowo, akakamurwa Mhedziso kadhi (nokuti imwe kukwira) uye hama (nokuti miti miviri vakasarudzwa pamusoro) kwakaita nzvimbo yacho.

Chii zvinhu okunze?

Meteorological zvinhu inonzi ratinoona maitiro, wakaiswa uye okumusoro-mhepo Meteorological zviridzwa panguva Meteorological nhepfenyuro uye Observatories. parameters izvi, kuwedzera kune ambient tembiricha, mvura uye ivhu, mumhepo kumanikidzwa uye mwando tiri kutungamirirwa uye kumhanya mhepo, padanho cloudiness, kwemvura zvikuru, ukuru zuva mwaranzi, zvakasiyana ekunze zvakavapo.

Sei kudiwa ekunze kufungidzira

The dambudziko kufungidzira okunze nguva dzose kufara vanhu. Varimi mukutsvaga guru zvokurima zvirimwa vakatsvaka kubereka basa rinonyanya akanaka ezvinhu kuti zvirimwa zvokurima. Vezvikepe uye vabati vehove vanoda kuziva kuti vakawanda zvinobudirira yokunzvenga ngozi dutu nzvimbo uye hazvisi chii mazuva zviripo kuenda kugungwa.

Muna Russian Empire pavakwe richikurukura Meteorological nenhepfenyuro rakatanga muna 1832. Pakazosvika 1849 paitova 54 yenyika - zvikuru pakati nyika dzokuEurope. Asi kuti varonge uye muchidimbu nemashoko inounganidzwa mu nhatu dzokutanga okunze mepu, nhepfenyuro idzi havakwanisi nemhaka yokushayiwa telegraphic kutaurirana pakati pavo.

VokuEurope ari kunyanya acutely vanoziva kudiwa okunze panguva Crimean War (1853-1856 gg.), Kana November 14, 1854 zvinotyisa dutu akaparadzawo unorema akarova kuti mauto vatsigiri panguva yavo beleaguered Sevastopol. Eremendi vaizviti mugungwa vanhu vanopfuura 400, zvakaita kuti pasave kutakurwa kwezvokudya kuhondo uye masoja mari. Mugumisiro yave kupararira chakakuvara uye korera mune Union mauto.

Ndiani uye paakatanga kuva nhatu dzokutanga machati?

Hurumende yeFrance akarayira zvomuchadenga Urbain Le Verrier kudzidza kufungidzira zvinobvira okunze njodzi pachine. Verrier akaita basa guru rokuchera ruzivo pamusoro ekunze kwamazuva mashoma asati uye mushure Crimean dutu muna 250 munzvimbo muEurope, ichiti kuti mashoko ari pamepu. Saka akagamuchira wokutanga nhatu dzokutanga mepu, izvo akaratidza kuti nedutu zvaigona zvafanotaurwa nezvezvinoswera uye kuzvigadzirira iye neboka rengarava uye hondo.

MuUK, kufarira ekunze kufungidzira dzakaratidza muna 1860, Robert FitzRoy, unobudirira mutyairi, uyo akava wokutanga Chirungu mukuru sikuruwa warship uye nokupa kudzivirira kuparadzwa zvikepe pamadutu. Fitzroy uye ake vabatsiri vakagamuchira mashoko kubva 24 pazviteshi zuva nezuva, izvo zvose England uye kunze, muchidimbu navo, uye vanopiwa nhatu dzokutanga mepu. A izwi sezvaari nomumwe Fitzroy, kwakavakirwa rechiGiriki rokuti "Pfupiso yebhuku," iro rinoshandurudza se "vanooneka zvose kamwechete."

Russian nhatu dzokutanga machati

Michina yemazuva ano akwanise kuunganidza systematization pamusoro Meteorological zvaanorumbidza zvikuru zvose pamusoro munyika. nhatu dzokutanga mepu Russian vanhasi kwaswedera uchishandisa zvigadzirwa kombiyuta. Kunoitawo kuti nguva rakaoma Masvomhu seconds.

Nhatu dzokutanga map reEurope chikamu Russia uye yose nyika iri pachena achazoburuka pamusoro pamutemo Website of Federal Service nokuda Hydrometeorology uye Environmental Yoburitsa. Pano unogona kuona ekunze pamusoro kuongorora achiitiswa weDhipatimendi pfupi Zvaifungidzirwa uye njodzi Hydrometeorological Center kweRussia.

Nhatu dzokutanga map reEurope chikamu Russia unobvumira vagari nedunhu kuona kwete zvafanotaurwa kunonaya uye tembiricha, asiwo kugadzirira dzinongoitika kunaka aitika, kuziva mwero moto ngozi mumasango pedyo uye mamwe mashoko anobatsira.