Normative zviito - nomutemo chiito .... Types mirayiro

Chii hurongwa murau pamutemo? Ndezvipi zvinhu zvayo muRussia uye chii normative uye pamutemo mabasa ari Russian tsika pamutemo?

Chii murau?

Normative zviito - iri enshrined mune zvakanyorwa muchimiro kunobva mutemo. Pakati kwayo zvinhu zviri - yakarongwa hunhu mashoko (.. Musi wokugamuchirwa, rokuti, zita dzomuviri vakatanga chiito, etc.), kuti tendero imwe mamiriro (hurumende kana chepamusoro), mbirikira (kusanganisira kuburikidza placement dzakakurumbira anodhinda uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi ).

To mirayiro nekanzuru nezviremera, dzinoratidzwa racho mumutauro unonyanya. Chimwe chinokosha zviridzwa - vane zvakananga mitemo mutemo pamusoro mutemo dzinotsanagura imwe rudzi kana ane rakamanikana denderedzwa vanhu.

"Normative" uye "zviri pamutemo" mabasa - kwete zvimwe chetezvo?

Vamwe magweta kuziva izwi iri mubvunzo, pfungwa "chiito pamutemo". Muchiitiko chino, zvose mazwi anoshandiswa panguva, akaparadzaniswa pedyo hyphen. Other vomurayiro mumunda vanodavira kuti mananara aya maviri - kunyatsoti chetezvo. chinyorwa ravo. Normative zviito - ichi ndicho zvitupa (nekanzuru zviremera - President, State Duma, etc ...) chete. Havafaniri kuva kunetsana nevamwe mabasa anokudzwa kupfuura (akadai Constitution).

Instrument rave so rinobatanidza pfungwa. Vanogona kuva zvinyorwa kuti vane zviri pamutemo kukosha. Somuenzaniso, mafaira akaronga kuti pamutemo kushandiswa mukati dzesangano. Kureva, kuvapo kwavo harirevi pamutemo dzemunharaunda fanira vanhu kunze kambani. Zvokudya huri magwaro akadaro yakanyorerwa imwe nyaya (dhipatimendi, navatariri zvakafanana. D.).

Zvakaratidza kuti pamutemo uye nomutemo Zviito kusiyaniswa zvinotevera zvinodiwa. Chekutanga, ndiwo hunhu hwavo kushandiswa. Normative zviito - rwevanhu uye zviri pamutemo - vane munhu pfungwa. Chechipiri, ndiwo zvezvinotaurwa mabasa. Mirayiro anoendeswa ane risingaperi uwandu masangano uye zviri pamutemo - rimwe boka revanhu. Chechitatu, ndicho nguva yose kurwiswa. Normative chiito sezvo refu kusvikira repealed kana Akave nokuvandudza. Legal, sezvinoita mutemo, kurehwa kushandiswa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kazhinji kamwe.

Pakati magweta, pane imwe pfungwa panyaya ukama normative uye zviri pamutemo mabasa. Anoreva kuti murau pave nomutemo wokuyera (kana kugadzirisa raivapo), uye iri pamutemo Chinoshandiswa yakarurama Implementation urongwa uhwu.

Ndezvipi mabasa

Ngationei, chii ndiyo mhando mirayiro iri Russian tsika pamutemo. Kusiyanisa kwavo kwakavakirwa maviri pfungwa kuzviisa pasi. Wokutanga - a "mutemo". The Chiito ichi mhando chinobviswa chete nezviremera (zvemitemo kana mumiririri) kana vomunyika kuburikidza referendum. Mark kana kuchinja mutemo aigona chete kubudisa simba rake. Acts yakadaro zvakagadzirirwa waidzora pezvakaitwa kiyi chokuita kukura ehurumende uye nzanga. Inosanganisira mitemo chikuru: rumwe rudzi mabasa uye muudzame nemirau nokududzira kugadzwa sezvakarongwa pamurairo. Mhando idzi kurwiswa nangana enderana akataura pamusoro Maitiro kurongeka.

Chechipiri Pfungwa - a "ne-mitemo". Vari rakapa pahwaro uye nechinangwa vatevedzere mutemo uye vari hierarchically akavaka muenzaniso umo mitemo inofanira kuita kuti nezvaro mukuru zvinyorwa zvemitemo simba, uye kuva hwaro mabasa yakaderera chechetere. The Mhando chikuru nezvemirau bylaw hunhu muRussia zvinotevera.

Izvi mukuru yeUnited zviito (mitemo mirairo President of Russian Federation, mirayiro hurumende, mirairo shumiro uye madhipatimendi). It anoita nyaya yacho Federation (local emitemo, nemitemo, uye mitemo akapfuura zvemitemo uye Executive vehurumende mudunhu). Mitemo iyi matunhu neminisiparati (murayiro, sarudzo kana kuti zvinoitwa dzimba muguta, makanzuru guta uye ezvirevo zvakafanana).

A chinokosha nezvemirau - mitemo dzakawanda. Vari kubatwa nemasangano kunze Russian chepasi uye vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri - Nemirayiro kuti ape hurumende chaiwo nyika kusarudza tsoziva dzika wazvipira dzakawanda uye nemirau, izvo zvakananga tichisunga pamusoro States zvinodiwa zvose. Russian Constitution rinoti kuti zvinotaurwa uye mitemo yakananga kuti mutemo dzakawanda uye zvibvumirano zviri Russian Federation nedzimwe nyika dziri nhengo National pamutemo hurongwa. Uye kana chibvumirano imwe nyika anodzika kunze kweaya nezvaro mitemo wokurera kuRussia mitemo, dzakanga pamutemo mugumisiro uchava remarudzi tsime mutemo.

Murairo chiito; nhamba okuti

The okuti "chiito" uye "mutemo" kazhinji chinozivikanwa magweta. Izvi ichokwadi, asi chete imwe nyaya: kana ne "mutemo" kunoreva zvinoberekwa vanhu kuburikidza zvematongerwo enyika kana varayirwa rokumanikidzirwa vose kana vamwe Mapato vanhu. Dzinenge zviito - kana akanyorwa mirayiro iri mubvunzo kana magwaro achitsanangura nuances maitiro avo.

Mutemo - kuva yemirau, zvose zviri mamiriro, kana chokuita dzimwe nzvimbo - semuenzaniso, mutemo mhuri. Normative mabasa - mitemo iri pamutemo pfungwa yakadaro. Kare, rakanga kunotanga nokuda Chiitiko kuti tsika pamutemo. Asi sezvo kudura kupokanidzana pakati tsika dzavanhu zvakasiyana, nyika uye makondinendi akatanga kusimuka Mabasa mitemo zvingaita kusiyana imwe "chevarwere" mitemo chinyakare zvakafanana kutevedzerwa. Mitemo nemirayiro kubva nemaonero emazuva pamutemo mazwi kunogona anofanana.

nhanho mirayiro

Mugumisiro mabasa pamutemo zvinogona kuparadzirwa dzakasiyana siyana. Pane obshchefederalnye mabasa - vanosungirwa kuichengeta nharaunda yose Russia. Kune manyuko kodzero vanotongwa mubatanidzwa - ivo, uyewo, anoshanda vagari dzimwe nyika, uyewo vanhu vose (zvisinei dzokugara uye kunyange vagari), achiuya yacho kana kwechinguva achigara imomo. Pane matunhu neminisiparati pamutemo mabasa, izvo zvinoshanda kuti vagari veguta, dunhu kana ruwa, uyewo kuuya vanhu. Pakupedzisira, pane vepo pamutemo mabasa - Ivo iine panzvimbo yakamanikana chinangwa (vanogona waidzora mabasa wamasangano, makambani kana mukuru).

mitemo yeUnited

nemirau Federal - kunobva murairo vanotenderwa mune chaiyo kuti. Ivo rusununguko hurusa nomutemo simba pachinhu kwematunhu, matunhu neminisiparati uye nemakanzuru zviito zvakanaka. mitemo Federal uri subspecies muchimiro mabasa ane yepamutemo hunhu, ane yakakwirira pamutemo simba (pamusoro - chete RF Constitution). Izvi subspecies mitemo vakagamuchirwa nechinangwa kududzirwa uye kwemashoko mitemo zviri muBumbiro reMitemo. Vari kuti chibatsire nechokwadi kuti vanotongwa mutemo wehurumende vane mukana wose kushandisa mitemo iyi rusununguko.

Municipal pamutemo mabasa

Russian Municipality wese anekodzero kuti ape mitemo yayo. Ndicho chikuru chishandiso yeko. Heino mienzaniso mishomanana mabasa akadaro. Izvi zvinogona kuva nzira kuti kushandisa zvimwe masimba kugoverwa varikutonga mutumbi Municipality reguta kutarisira. Somuenzaniso, hofisi Moscow meya wacho ringareva kuti Mitino muruwa masimba mumunda tsika uye dzidzo basa pamwe vagari.

Zvingava chisarudzo pamusoro kufarirwa chero Regulation, ndiye anokonzera Implementation izvo ucharara pasi Municipality. Somuenzaniso, ruwa muMoscow Bourgeois Council mugamuchire Regulation sei uchava zvinoshanda kugadzirisa matambudziko ari kukura mhuri, maererano nemutemo Moscow "On mugove nehurumende dzematunhu vakaparadzana masimba munzvimbo muchitokisi uye kuitarisira." Makanzuru anogona bvumira zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana nokuda kwezvivako kukura uye munzanga Profile munzvimbo.

mirau Local

Ngationei yeuka pfungwa kuti zvatakaita kumusoro, zvinhu mutsauko pakati "normative" uye "pamutemo" chiito. Maererano nedzimwe nyanzvi dzemutemo zvinotisimbisa rechipiri mhando chinosanganisira chero non-paruzhinji zvinyorwa (chokuita vakuru) mutambi. Inonyanyoshandiswa vasangana muenzaniso mabasa akadaro - zvinyorwa zviri anotengeswa makambani. Vane zviratidzo shoma. Chekutanga, ivo rakatorwa kambani pachayo. Chechipiri, vane kwemitemo. Chechitatu, vane nhungamiro pasi zvokudya yakataurwa gwaro, sangano rose anowira, kana chinhu chakaparadzana marongerwo (kana kupfuura). Mienzaniso zviridzwa akadai: staffing, pazororo purogiramu, hurongwa achibvumirana mumusha macho machira. Of pamutemo uye zviri pamutemo mabasa ane yakajeka zviratidzo localization.

Western uye Eastern echinyakare lawmaking

Achitaura pane normative uye pamutemo mabasa, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pane mbiri dzakaitika ainoita gadziriro yavo. West, maitiro Europe uye pamwero kuti Russia, uye kumabvazuva, zvakafanana nezvaiitwa vamwe Gulf, Asia, India nedzimwe nyika munharaunda idzodzo. Chinokosha kuti European tsika - formalization mabasa, kwemitemo, Mvumo.

KuMabvazuva, kwainyanya mutemo - tsika yakavakirwa zvinyorwa zvechitendero. KuMadokero, pane akanyatsorongwa mitemo,-soro padariro unova Constitution (kana kuisa mitemo, izvozvo anotsiviwa). KuMabvazuva, pane zvinokosha muchimiro mutemo zvetsika, mamwe mabasa anogona zvikuru kusununguka kubva vakuru hama kune mumwe, asi anofanira zvinoenderana zvinokosha rine mutemo.

Matambudziko chikuru Russian pamutemo hurongwa

Vamwe vomurayiro vanoti Russian nomutemo hurongwa ruchigona tsika dzokuMadokero. Izvi kunosimbiswa ndechokuti ose normative pamutemo chiito panguva imwe danho - pasi ane mitemo akasimba nomutemo kana zvinozvigadzirisa avo simba. Panguva iyoyo vari Russian munzanga yacho sezvo dzinoverengeka nyanzvi yakati, pane yakawanda East - kuregeredza mitemo ushandiswe uye nemirau, funga tsika. Mupfungwa dzevakawanda vokuRussia mirau - ichi kunongova "pepa".

Panguva iyoyo pane imwe danda riri muvanhu - vanonzi "pamutemo vanongofungidzira" vanoda kutevera mutemo kune shaped sezvo tsamba. Somugumisiro, muRussia hakuna vabatane mureza paruzhinji kunzwisisa zviri pamutemo hurongwa.

lawmaking

pamutemo, nomutemo mabasa vari sei? Mutemo - ani akanyorwa? Creation yemirau inowanzonzi raireva lawmaking, uye pane dzakawanda nzira inokosha dzika nzira iyi. Chekutanga, izvozvo pravoustanovitelnaya basa miviri mamiriro. Chechipiri, legitimization ichi (vadzvinyirire) simba tsika pamutemo kuti ariko kwenguva refu. Chechitatu, ndiwo mutemo-Kugadzirwa achishandisa zvakananga nevanhu (semuenzaniso, kuburikidza referendum). Lawyers vanodana nhamba huru zvinodiwa lawmaking - aronga, Kukodzera, kusachinja-chinja, hweruzhinji.

Legal Technology sezvo chikamu pamutemo hurongwa

Normative mabasa - ndivo manyuko murairo, kubudikidza tsanangudzo, haagoni kuva vakakwana, kana chete nokuti nzanga iri kuchinja, Virtual. To mabasa kuve pedyo chokwadi, pane mhando dzakasiyana yokupira nzira - maturusi nzira uye zvigadziriswe kuvandudza zvinopa mutemo. The chikuru Basa magweta kushanda mirayiridzo ichi - kuti mitemo somunhu unyatsonzwisisa kuvanhu sezvinobvira, vanokwanisa, segirazi. Mitemo yakasiyana siyana yokudzora imwe nzvimbo anofanira kuva pachena nomusoro interrelationship. Kune mhando huru mana pamutemo nzira - zvemitemo, systematizing, chizvidavirire uye mutemo. Normative mabasa yeRussian Federation, zvinonzi vakatenda magweta, anofanira nani sechikamu neimwe mhando zvigadzirwa.

sezvo mitemo

Munyika dzakasiyana mune National mirayiridzo sei mitemo ushande. MuRussia, mashandiro ichi inorondedzerwa Constitution (Article 54). Chii? Chekutanga, chokwadi kuti hapana mutemo pave kana sembura basa haikwanise kushanda retroactively. Chechipiri, hapana basa zvakaitwa kuti panguva mhosva havana kubva nemaonero aripo nemitemo mutemo. Chechitatu, kana, pashure chiito anodonhera pasi nyaya mutemo, vakagamuchira, aizomubvumira mitemo itsva kuti anoshanda. Uyewo, kunokonzeresa zvinozivikanwa zvose nyika zviga mitemo - simbisa nguva, nzvimbo uye yakananga boka vanhu (kana tiri kutaura pamusoro nzanga yose).