Nyika guru kumakuva kuti Wadi al-Salam, zvinoreva "mupata Death"

Tradition zvitunha pasi - tsika dzakawanda nezvitendero zvenyika. Mumakore nyika akafuka nomumbure yebudiriro "maguta vakafa", apo vakanopotera mabhiriyoni akafa. Uye apo iri guru kumakuva munyika? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu ndiyo nyaya ino.

nzvimbo Sacred zvitendero zvitatu

The Old Testament rinoti nzvimbo Yokutonga Valley waJehoshafati, airemekedzwa nevanhu vose, vaKristu uye vaJudha nevaMuslim. The guva yaMambo Jehoshafati mabvazuva kuJerusarema, kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba chinoyambuka Kidhironi (Jehoshafati) Mupata 35 makiromita refu. On Musana inoyerera rukova Kidhironi, ane mvura yakachena ichiyerera kupinda Dead Sea. Pano, nokuti vamiririri zvitendero zvitatu haasi mumwe kumakuva. WeKidroni ndiye inozivikanwa muHebheru, apo rakacherwa padombo:

• Guva Abhusaromu (I-II CC. BC. E.).
• Namarinda Jehoshafati, uye aZekariya, vanakomana Heziri.
• Family kuvigwa Zvizvarwa Hazir.

VaKristu mumupata une nzvimbo yaro tsvene - guva muApostora James uye neMhandara Maria.

It akawana nzvimbo yaro yokuzorora vanhu miriyoni pamusoro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vashakabvu muna weKidroni, wokutanga kusangana naMwari, saka nzvimbo vakavigwa vari zvinodhura chaizvo - kubva $ 1 miriyoni. Hebrew Cemetery ndiye multi-layered: nomumwe guva Nzvimbo vamiririri eras siyana vari yakaiswa rimwe pamusoro mumwe. Ziva akavigwa marinda achiripo yazvino. Pasinei nokuti kumakuva zvigaro akatenga makore mazhinji mberi, hachisi pakukura munyika.

Western Hemisphere: Cemetery reKarivhari

vanhu mamiriyoni matatu vari akavigwa New York. The kumakuva unobereka zita Mount reKarivhari, uye rakakamurwa sectors ina, kure nomumwe. Rakavakwa vaKaturike 1848. Zuva, pashure zvinotyisa kupararira korera, zviremera dzakamanikidzwa kubvumira kuvigwa kunze kweguta, apo rine Brooklyn uye Manhattan. Masangano Non-purofiti kwakabvumirwa neImba makuva private, izvo zvakazoita kuti commercialization yavo. Mushure mumadhorobha ukatambararira Karivhari paaiva muruwa, yainzi Queens. On nyika ake nhasi 29 "maguta vakafa" rine vanhu mamiriyoni mashanu, izvo kaviri akapfuudza uwandu vagere nharaunda.

Asi ichi hachisi guru kumakuva munyika. Ndicho chikuru muna Western Hemisphere uye anozivikanwa chokuti pano nhema yakakurumbira vanhu New York, kubvira mayors kune zvikwata zvomumigwagwa. Pano, kuti "kuvigwa" uye Don Corleone ( "The GODFATHER" by F. Coppola).

uto kumakuva

The guva Dzhona Kennedi wake nechirikadzi, Dzhona Dallesa, muchadenga kunoongorora akafa uye dzimwe vakakurumbira US inofananidza vari muchiuto kumakuva ari Mafuro Washington. кладбище предназначалось для солдат, павших в годы Гражданской войны. Umbwa muna 1865, Arlington Cemetery chairehwa varwi vakafa munguva Civil War. Nokufamba kwenguva, mitemo nokurasa vakanga nokudzorwa US zviremera akashandura necropolis muna rimwe aikudzwa akakwirira. Arlington Cemetery rakagadzirirwa vechiuto uye nemhuri dzavo, uyewo vanhu vane basa kunyika.

To musi, ane anenge 320,000 makuva, asi ndima yayo - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha munyika (maviri nehafu dzakaenzana kilometers). Muenzaniso unoratidza kuti kwenguva refu zvechiuto chiito - chinokonzera yokuwedzera "guta akafa."

The kupfuura pikisa

Middle East - zvikuru yakaoma ethno-vechitendero nharaunda umo Kurds vasina zvavo mamiriro, uye Sunni uye Shia vane mhirikiro siyana Islam. Sunni Islam - the anozviita kuti navaArabhu, uye Shia - vaPezhiya, kunyange pane Kakawanda zhinji. Mauto LIH Vanobvuma Sunni Islam, uyo uye hurumende Saddam Hussein. Sezvo pakutanga American kushanda muna Iraq kwave nemakore 13, asi nhasi zviri pachena zvose kuti basa munyika iri pamutemo. It chiito yakananga kurwisa chisingazivi kupedza kushaya revarwi muna 2010. Kutsigira Shia, vokuAmerica vakazvidza kwakakomba hondo, nhevedzano kurwiswa nemagandanga uye yaizotangira mhirizhonga.

Zviri nyore kuti zvokufungidzira kuti pakukura kumakuva munyika iri yose Iraq, kupinza rokuurawa ropa. Kumaodzanyemba kweguta Najaf, dzvene Shiites, pagore anogamuchira mamiriyoni Mapilgrim, achipa nhamba yavo chete Mecca uye Medina. Izvi apo "guta vakafa", okutanga chokuita nokurasa ari VII remakore BC.

Wadi al-Salam muna Najaf

Zita kumakuva anozivikanwa ose muMuslim. Pano akavigwa Imam rokutanga - Ali, kunamata uri mumwe kusiyana Sunnis uye Shiites. In-mutemo uye hama muprofita Muhammad zvirimo ose Shiite shahada. Ndokusaka chero mumiririri kuti chitendero anoda pasi pedyo nepedyo pamusoro Allah. Vatendi vanoudzwa pamusoro zvishamiso kuti atore nzvimbo panguva kumakuva. Vakasarudzwa ndiyo mweya Imam kumashure uye hurumende chete iyo anotenda remangwana norumwe. Mazana mauto uye vanhuwo zvavo vari akavigwa zuva iri yakakura, anopfuura matanhatu akaenzana makiromita.

Asati afa, ikazopiwa Shia hama chero pakona nyika kutama miviri yavo Najaf. The shanduro chaiyoiyo zita unorira kumakuva "mupata rufu", apo ose mativi mita ekudzidza kuvigwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 6 vanhu vakawana pano rokupedzisira utiziro.

Makore yehondo

Kubvira 2003, apo vokuAmerica vavamba Iraqi vapanduki akavanda kumarinda, achivimba kubatsirwa Allah. Muna 2004, musi kunharaunda yayo hondo chaiyo akasiya kuparadza uye craters kubva kuputika. Mazuva ano, akavigwa kuna vanhu 250-300. mhemberero All vanoremekedzwa kunyange pasi kutyisidzirwa kurwiswa. Muviri kushambidzwa uye wakaputirwa chena Chifukidziro. vakanga verenga minyengetero Funeral muguva Ali, dzakatsigira mufi katatu vakatakura kumativi mausoleum pamusoro Imam Mahdi. Gravestones nemvura mutsvene kusaswa, zvose zviri kuramba akavaka pamukova kuti mausoleum.

The kumakuva asina shelled, zviri inopiwa muna Unorudzi batana mabasa. Panowo, mauto akavigwa, asi makuva avo vari kuchengetedzwa chitendero. Panguva ibwe Slabs hama kuverenga Korani vanobva kumativi ose Iraq. Mune mausoleum pamusoro Imam Mahdi rinoitwa ose China kwairayirwa munamato - munamato.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

• Zviri kuziva kuti Najaf Ine vagari vanhu asingasviki miriyoni imwe, ukuwo "Mupata Death" akapfuudza uwandu 6-7 nguva. The nhamba chaiyo kwevakafa haisi kukwanisa kuzodana munhu.
• The arambe achirema pamusoro vakavigwa zvinopesana utsanana dzemunharaunda, asi haina kuvhiringidza kumakuva kuti arambe simba.
• UNESCO proposes kubatanidza kuvigwa ndandanda mikuru yose kukosha. It achidzivisa murayiro American, achikumbira kuti kumbomira chisarudzo. It hazvitombobvumidzwi kusvikira ikozvino.
• Makuva dzakagadzirwa gypsum uye airamba zvidhinha. Local kuvaka makuva vapfumi mhuri, kusanganisira pachivande, izvo refu Manera.
• Kana muMuslim akazvipira panyika imwe nzvimbo, haisi contraindication kuti reburial muna Al-Nadzhabe.
• Graves 30-40s mira pakati vamwe yakafanira kune-mita matatu pakukwirira vakagumisa spiers.

afterword

Kudeuka yemakuva 40% yenyika kwakawedzera somugumisiro remapazi zvechiuto mumakore achangopfuura. Izvi zvinotsigira pfungwa yokuti kukura ava "guta vakafa" hazvibviri ari, nzvimbo ine rugare norunyararo. War - huru zvakaipa, achishandura kuMiddle East ive nzvimbo apo vakafa kupfuura vapenyu.