Occupational chengetedzo panguva boka: apo kutanga? OSH Training Program

In ezvinhu ano evanhu kusagadzikana uye paumbwe upfumi akatanga basa guru Occupational basa utano mune zvebhizimisi. Izvi imhaka yokuti zvikuru chikuru nezvinetso kuchengetwa kodzero dzevashandi akaitwa kuti zvakanaka kushanda mamiriro uye kuchengeteka.

Nhamba dzinoratidza kuti muna Russia mumakore mashoma apfuura vari zvinenge sectors dzose upfumi kushanda ezvinhu dzakaderera zvikuru vakawedzera uwandu tsaona ose maindasitiri kacho. Uyewo, mashoko anoratidza kuti kuwedzera kwenhamba tsaona shoma upenyu anotarisirwa, yakawedzera kuitika Occupational zvirwere.

Mibvunzo pamusoro nei Occupational kuchengeteka uye utano mune zvebhizimisi, apo kutanga kusikwa kuMudzidzisi basa, nyaya ino.

nhamba

Kana isu neiko kwokufananidzira zvinouraya kukuvara industrially dzakabudirira nevashandi 1000, mufananidzo uri sezvinotevera:

• Russia - 0,139;
• Finland - 0,038;
• United States - 0,054;
• United Kingdom - 0,016;
• Japan - 0.02.

Zvino maitiro chikabviswa ndechokuti emakambani ehurumende, nhamba iri shoma kaviri pane ari oga.

Vakuru Masangano arangarirwe kuti pakutanga vanofanira nguva dzose kuva kuchengeteka. Labor kudzivirirwa panguva zvebhizimisi hazviitiki zvikuru kubasa vanofanira nguva dzose kutevedza zvinodiwa kuti vari kuisa mberi akakodzera dzomunyika mitemo.

Mitemo iri basa dziviriro

Mitemo yokudzora pamutemo noukama mumunda Occupational kuchengeteka uye utano, hwaimiririrwa anotevera mitemo uye mirayiro:

• RF Constitution - Article 37, ndima 3;
• Labor Code: Articles 211-221;
• Federal mutemo pamusoro Occupational kuchengeteka uye utano;
• Civil Code: Article 1064-1101;
• mumirau Bazi Health;
• Government Regulation.

Mutemo yeUnited rinoti kuti vashandirwi vanosungirwa chero masangano kutevedza zvinodiwa nemitemo chokuita yakachengeteka vanhu, kuti gadziriro basa kudzivirirwa panguva zvebhizimisi inofanira kurongwa iri fanira hwaro.

mitoro yacho mushandirwi

Maererano zvinodiwa basa unodzivirira, musoro anofanira:

• rokusika zvinhu kumabasa, zvinofanira kutevedza mutemo;
• kuteerera mashoko advertising ose dzekushandira;
• kana kugamuchira mushandi mari yazvo kuitisa ake kuongororwa mumuviri, uye pasina tikaongorora kurambidza basa;
• ari purogiramu kana kuti yokurapwa bvunzo kuti mushandi kuchengetedza basa uye avhareji muhoro.

OSH mirayiro

Kuuraya of utsanana-Utsanana zvinodiwa, izvo zvinofanira kuita kumabasa kuchengeteka ezvinhu, muripo nokuda kunokuvadza kugadzirwa - kuti ndizvo zvinodiwa kuti pave Occupational yakachengeteka panguva chirimwa.

Documents, mutemo wenyika iyi vari rakakamurwa mitemo uye pamutemo nokurondedzerwa.

Normative nhamba magwaro anogadza mitemo yokushanda ezvinhu, kureva, zvinodiwa kuti ufanane anokuvadza zvinhu kumabasa. Documentation kwakadai zvinodiwa - zvinodiwa State Standard of Russian Federation uye mitemo nemirau yacho Bazi Health.

Normative uye hwokugadzira mapepa inoumbwa mazita instructions, mitemo. Zvinonzi chakagadzirirwa nzwisisika kudzivirira vashandi - salaried vanhu - kubva zvinokonzerwa ngozi uye zvinokuvadza zvinhu kuti utano.

Mamiriro Occupational utano zviumbu

musoro mumwe nomumwe ane zvebhizimisi richangobva akavamba dzinongoitika mubvunzo unomuka: "Chii chinofanira kuva kuchengetedza basa iri zvebhizimisi, apo kutanga kusika basa iri uye chii vari mabasa ayo?"

Chivako ichi mubasa pakusika uye kudzora mamiriro ezvinhu noutano uye vakachengeteka vashandi, uye kuongorora kwaita Occupational zvirwere uye kudzivisa njodzi.

Protection Department of Labor - a STRUCTURAL chairema wekambani pamwe kuzvimirira chinzvimbo, iyo inotaura zvakananga Director.

It anoita mabasa aro pamwe uye pedyo pamwe chete wesangano rinomirira uye dzimwe sangano, uyewo vakuru vemunharaunda munzvimbo uye basa rokuongorora.

Kudzora chikwata mabasa

basa iri kuitirwa kuti tiite kudaro zvichiongororwa mabasa:

• kumisa fanira kudzora Implementation utano mabasa Occupational uye mamwe madhipatimendi nemirayiro kudzivisa Occupational zvirwere uye tsaona, uye akuteerere Implementation yavo;
• kuongorora nenguva kukura uye zvakarurama mafufu chokuita kupa chinokosha michina vashandi unodzivirira zvipfeko, unodzivirira midziyo;
• kuongorora okusuma zviitiko itsva dzesayenzi mumunda basa vakachengeteka;
• vaite inspections pokuita chete michina zvinodiwa mamiriro midziyo, hurongwa, zvivako, uye dzimba;
• kudzora kugadzirwa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kushanda mabasa wedhipatimendi

Kunze kudzora, weboka kunodiwa kuita basa uye mashandiro, izvo sezvinotevera:

• kuziva zvinokonzera uye ongorora mamiriro Occupational zvirwere uye kukuvara kubasa;
• ushande tinyatsonzwisisa dzekushandira uye kuronga kwavo utsanana uye michina advertising;
• kuti vaite ruzivo chokudzidzisa vashandi;
• aite budiriro urongwa kuitira kuvandudza kushanda ezvinhu kuti utano-utsanana matanho;
• chinhano kukura basa zvibvumirano;
• kubatanidzwa makomiti kuti kubata kubvuma reconstructed kana achangobva chakavakwa kugadzirwa zvivako;
• kubatanidzwa makomiti kuti vashandi advertising.

Manual weboka basa kudzivirira

Maererano Labor Code, kuitira basa mushandi wacho ngozi muoti riri pamusoro musoro sangano. Ndiye anokonzera Implementation kuMudzidzisi basa, uye kana musoro wokutanga vasipo, anotora Baton mukuru injiniya - rinopa ayo User Chinyorwa (vakuru). Engineer wokubata kudzivirira hazvisi omurume naye zvakananga.

Hwakanangepi basa anoda mazvikokota ane ruzivo nebasa yakadaro, anogona kuronga, kuitisa uye nokuudza.

Vashandi basa vanofanira kuva maoko pamusoro Zvakaitika indasitiri, uye dzidzo yepamusoro muna profile.

mudonzvo nokudzidziswa

mitemo Russian pamusoro basa kudzivirirwa rinopa kuti zvose vashandi, pasina chaakasiya masangano, kusanganisira vatungamiriri, chaizvoizvo anofanira kuongororwa ruzivo uye kurovedzwa pamusoro Occupational kuchengeteka.

The vakawanda nzira iyi muitiro anogadza Model yemhuka, aifarirwa Bazi Labor pamusoro 12.10.94 N 65.

Maererano gwaro rino, vatungamiri wokutanga, kureva, mutungamiriri uye mukuru injiniya, uyewo nhengo basa kuti anoedza kuziva basa unodzivirira, vanofanira kumbotambudzika kurovedza uye kuidzwa ruzivo pamusoro basa nedziviriro kosi.

Kurovedzwa chirongwa musi basa kudzivirira akasikwa zvakananga indasitiri-zvakananga zvebhizimisi, kugadzirwa kana basa uye rinoita zvinhu basa uye chaizvo zvesangano.

Chinangwa Kudzidziswa uku ndiko kuumbwa vanachiremba uye mamaneja ruzivo kuti zvinokosha kudzora ruzivo uye kudzidza vane vashandi vavo, uyewo-software kubva zvebhizimisi yose.

Mukuita kudzidza vari vakadzidza:

• pamutemo uye zvemitemo mabasa;
• masimba uye mashandiro ari nhengo weHurumende cherechedzo;
• mabasa uye kodzero ehurumende kutarisira mune nokure kudzora nezvaidiwa nomutemo;
• nzira rakasikwa uye tichigadzirisa KUBVA zvebhizimisi;
• kunokuvadza kugadzira zvinhu, avo zvazvinoita uye kudzivirira navo;
• Nzira kuti kuongorora uye kunyoresa tsaona Occupational;
• pamazita zvakaoma, kunokuvadza uye ngozi basa, uyewo zvokudya muripo;
• masangano ehurumende kuti akuteerere zvaidiwa zvido vashandi vavo kodzero.

Pokugadzwa imwe chairema basa kudzivirira

Masangano kushandisa vanhu vanopfuura zana kuti akamisa chikwata yakadai, somunhu basa kudzivirirwa pane zvavakanga vachida kuita. How kutanga paumbwe musoro kuMudzidzisi basa rokutanga?

Chisarudzo sei uye worudzii basa kudzivirira basa chichamiswa uchatorwa, zvichienderana chaizvo ari vachida.

Chero zvazvingava, unofanira kutanga:

• ongorora staffing uye Mapato evashandi kuchaenderana mberi nezvaaiita;
• kuona vanogona kuita basa mashandiro anoita voruzhinji rokudzora kumabasa;
• kupinda mune staffing chikwata injiniya utano uye vakachengeteka;
• vanachiremba wedhipatimendi mutoro kuita basa munzvimbo iyi, uye navatungamiri sangano vane kupinda makirasi panguva inodzidzisirwa wokubata kudzivirira kwemaawa makumi mana;
• hurongwa zvebhizimisi vagara vandifungira ane basa nokuti zvaipesana vakachengeteka zvinodiwa Occupational uye pamazita vakuru akafukidza naro;
• kuita kuti zvebhizimisi marongerwo uye staffing kuchinja chokuita pakusikwa chikwata chitsva, zvakabuda kuMudzidzisi murayiro (basa kudzivirirwa panguva zvebhizimisi panofanira kuva chikwata ine nhamba nyanzvi, izvo achaiswa dzaona kwakavakirwa nhamba masangano vashandi 'maererano Recommendations chinhu mupanda kuti Regulation pamusoro OSH);
• kutanga basa Rondedzero uye kudziudza vashandi;
• Zvinofanira kuva akarongeka mufambiro mhando dzose murayiridzo enshrined runoenzanirana sezvakarayirwa mashoko uye mutoro vanhu.

Documentation zvesimba kudzivirira chikwata

Chero basa zvebhizimisi vanofanira kutakura kwete chete mabasa avo, asiwo kune zvakakodzera ndandanda basa zvinyorwa yake. Izvi zvinofanira riitwe uye basa kudzivirirwa pane zvavakanga vachida kuita. How kutanga paumbwe ayo magwaro, vakakurukura pazasi.

Documentation, izvo zvaida kuti tirambe dhipatimendi basa unodzivirira, zvinotevera zvawanyora:

• pamazita nyaya inofanira kufukidzwa muna Briefings;
• kuronga uye logs zvose zvamarudzi ose Briefings ;
• yakarurama list, maererano chaizvo ari zvebhizimisi, ounyanzvi hwokugadzira uye mhando mabasa kuti inoda nguva dzose dzokurapwa kuongorora fanira;
• yevhiki urongwa zvokurapa bvunzo;
• overalls uye mazita chaiwo michina wakabudiswa mahara;
• danda mirairo uye mirairo;
• Ongororo purogiramu zivo;
• kutaridza raifanira kushandiswa kurapa uye avo basa chengetedzo mitemo;
• Nyora mabasa ngozi uye maodha zvimwe zvinangwa ndivo mufambiro wavo;
• danda approvals basa ngozi;
• Purogiramu yokudzidzisa iri basa uye mashoko kudzivirirwa;
• danda riri issuance magwaro pamusoro basa inodzivirira;
• Journal of Accounting uye mabasa kuongorora tsaona;
• zvarairwa avo anokonzera magetsi, gasi wedzerai, kushanda marori uye midziyo vachisimudza, zvivako uye dzimba.