Chemical fomura sipo. gadzira sipo

Chii sipo hazvisi chete nhasi! Mavara, inopenya, akanaka. Kune njenjemera, umo munhu anogona kuona mapatani kana anoedza fruktiki, zvakasiyana mifananidzo. mukurumbira chaizvo mhando vana vari muchimiro kufarira katuni vatambi, mhuka akanaka uye vamwe vanhu. Kazhinji, sipo vagadziri vari kuedza nepavanogona napo. Asi chii chinonzi chigadzirwa ichi kubva mukati? Chii zvayo makemikari anoumba, payakamera, uye sei anogadzirwa? Edza kunzwisisa.

Chemical hwaro sipo

Kubva esayenzi maonero, chigadzirwa ichi mugumisiro alkaline hydrolysis kwemafuta kana mafuta. The kekutanga kuti Sipo uye mafuta akaumbwa zvinhu zvakafanana, wafungidzira Michel Chevreul, mumwe kemisiti French. Anenge zvose hwake chose kuti kudzidza dzakakwirira carboxylic acids. Saka, zvaaiva zvemashoko yokungotaura tsanangudzo murwiyo kwemafuta uye saka sipo.

Chevrel akati kuti kana dzakakwirira trihydric doro glycerol ine mapoka matatu hydroxy, vakaita ane acid, sezvamakaropafadzwa mukuru payakavakirwa R-COOH, ipapo tichava kuumba triglycerides - esters ose acids. Vachava mafuta. Kana zvakaitwa rinoitwa pasi alkaline ezvinhu, ipapo kunoguma chigadzirwa iri vakaita pamwe NaOH (Koh) kuumbika Sipo.

Gare gare, zvinhu yokungotaura mhedziso vakanga vachitsigirwa nokuongorora murabhoritari Berthelot. Kazhinji, sipo yakasiyana inosanganisira zvinotevera zvinoriumba:

• mvura;
• oleic asidhi ;
• naphthenic asidhi;
• stearic;
• palmitic;
• rosin;
• yavaibvisa hydroxide kana potassium hydroxide.

Naizvozvo, makemikari yokuita Sipo conventionally makanyorwa kudai: R-COOMe, sezvamakaropafadzwa R - ndiyo yakakura Zvichisanganisa kubva kabhoni maatomu 8 kusvika 20 uye yakakwirira. Me - resimbi, alkali kana alkaline pasi.

Kana isu kutaura zvavo zvoupfumi chigadzirwa yaishandiswa mbatya, sipo payakavakirwa taitsvaka seizvi: C ₁₇ H ₃₅ -COONa. Zvinosanganisira:

• stearic asidhi;
• caustic mushaba;
• rosin;
• mvura;
• dzimwe nguva kushandisa mafuta womukokonati.

Munyika dzakasiyana, kugadzirwa kwakadai chigadzirwa kunouya nenzira dzakasiyana, saka kunowanzokonzerwa akasiyana sezvamunoita, ruvara, kunaka wash. Saka, zviri pachena kuti nzira sipo. Chemical anobvuma zvinotevera tsanangudzo chigadzirwa ichi: kuti munyu kuvakuru carboxylic acids, mumwe akafanana kuitika pasi alkali kana alkaline simbi.

Zvinofanira akanongedza kuti mamiriro aggregation, pachena, kwakanaka uye zvimwe organoleptic parameters mishonga akasiyana chaizvo. Zvose zvinoenderana makemikari anoumba uye mukugadzira nzira.

fomura Soap

mukurumbira chaizvo manjemanje Ipfungwa sipo zvigadzirwa vari zvokunwa. Zviri nyore, sokuti kuva norupfave kuna ganda maoko uye nemachira zvinofadza kuchimbuzi echiShinto. Saka, mvura sipo - chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana marudzi munyu izvi. Pane vakasiyana hwakasimba uye nei musiyano chakadaro rehurumende aggregation?

Zvakaratidza kuti yose pfungwa zvesimbi nokuo- nga iyo inowanikwa akwirwe, uyewo kugadzirwa zvemichina. Formula sipo riri emura, panongova sokunge: R-COOK. Ndiko, ari hazvo zvinosanganisira potassium ions. Nokudaro, muna pakuburitswa chikamu potassium hydroxide.

Unhu Main mishonga yakadaro:

• viscosity;
• hygroscopic;
• ductility;
• pachena;
• solubility nani.

sipo hwakasimba

Kuwana chigadzirwa ari kupfuura netsika ezvinhu aggregation, zvakakodzera kushandisa iri zvaAtemisi pasoda kwesuko kana caustic pasoda. Zvinofanira ambopupura kuti kana iri rinoumbwa Na ions, chigadzirwa akatendeuka zvikukutu uye hapana chimwe. lithium ions kakawanda zvokusagona dzakafanana kuumba sipo.

Saka, Sipo payakavakirwa anotora siyanei chimiro: R-COONa, R-COOLi. Kubva makemikari Mukuona quantitative sezvamunoita uye maumbirwo zvinhu haachinji - sipo rinoenderana hunhu, kuva carboxylic acids munyu. Chitarisiko, organoleptic ehupfumi, ari panze design - zviri pasi kuchinja munhu pachake kupfuura vanhu vanoshingaira uye kuroorana.

kupatsanura

zvigadziko zviviri zvinogona akasarudzwa kuti kuparadzana zvinhu zvinorondedzerwa muboka. The chiratidzo chokutanga kupatsanura - makemikari chawo ari gadzira. By chokuratidza iri dzoga:

• Sound Sipo - mafuta acids haisi asingasviki 60% of nziyo;
• poluyadrovoe - vanenge 30%;
• namira - hapana kupfuura 47%.

Yasarudzwa kunogona kupa sipo shanduro dzakasiyana zvachose pamusoro kwokunze zvakagadzirwa. Unogona kuita izvozvo machena, segirazi, pamwe pakuvara mukati zvemaoresa uye zvinoriumba, ruvara uye matte, uye zvichingodaro. Formula sipo vacharaswa kuratidzwa talk sezvamunoita R-COOMe, asi chigadzirwa pacharo Runowanzosanganisira zvakawanda rosin uye naphthenic acids, uye sorbitol, munyu, siyana, colorants, preservatives, anopupuma vamiririri nezvimwe yeimwe.

Chechipiri Pakanzi kupatsanura - rinochengeta. Saka, pane nemarudzi vatatu chigadzirwa.

1. Chimbuzi - kushandiswa zvizorwa zvinangwa kusuka, muviri mudziyo. Anofanira kuva akanaka ayo achipupuma furo mano, kuva munyoro uye ndikasaberekesa kutsamwa uye kuoma. Nokuda kwaizvozvi zvakakora asidhi haafaniri kuenda pasi mhiri panogumira 72% muna murwiyo.
2. Special - arakaitwa redehwe indasitiri, Whitehead Textile maindasitiri, mushonga uye zvichingodaro. Rine chaiwo rwokugadzira yokuvirisa.
3. Business - rinotarisirwa yokushambidza zvemumba, mbatya, kuchenesa uye zvimwe zvinodiwa nemhuri.

Formula Sipo mhando dzokutambura mutsauko yakadaro, ingava yakajeka, opaque, mavara uye zvichingodaro. Kuvhenganisa reshiyo zvinosiyana zvichienderana kuenda.

Manufacturing Industry

Kugadzirwa sipo ndakasununguka guru chikero rinoitwa munguva chaiyo zvigayo sipo. Pane pre-aronga uye vakamiswa rwokugadzira uye magadzirirwo akaronga kugadzirwa wakakura nhamba emakopi chigadzirwa sezvo yakasimba, uye mvura urongwa. Main workflows ndiwo:

• neutralization maitiro pakati pasoda dota uye mafuta hydrolysis zvigadzirwa (carboxylic acids);
• kudyidzana pamwe caustic pasoda kana yavaibvisa hydroxide;
• alkaline hydrolysis pamusoro triglycerides.

Chero zvazvingava, unogona kuwana Sipo siyana pamusoro mumuviri uye makemikari zvivako.

Nhoroondo sipo zvokuita

Zvinozivikanwa kuti yokubikira sipo vanhu vaiziva makore anopfuura 6000 apfuura, kureva pamberi AD. In yekare Egypt nenharo dota pamwe kuwedzera mafuta kupa zvinodiwa chigadzirwa. Saka takaramba ishande uye ramangwana zvizvarwa kwemazana emakore anoverengeka.

MuEurope, sipo kugadzirwa raiva yakaderera kuchinyanya sezvo hapana nehanya rucheno muviri wake, zvinonzi vaiona zvinonyadzisa. Uye chete kubva XVIII remakore, sipo-kugadzira munhu chinenge chakasimba. Yakaitwa itsva Simplified kugadzirwa michina, sipo zvinosanganisira anonhuhwirira uye emollient yokuvirisa, zviri kungoramba siyana uye kunofadza kushandisa.

Kuita maoko enyu

How kuti sipo nemaoko avo? Zvinoita? Mhinduro yakajeka: Zvirokwazvo, zvichida. Nhasi, vanhu vakawanda vakaita izvozvo mabhizimisi musha wavo uye mari yakanaka chaizvo.

Kana uine yokusika fungidziro, okugadzira zvinhu, uye mavambo pfungwa, maoko dexterous, chido uye nzvimbo kushanda, ipapo kuita zvaAtemisi sipo kazhinji haana kuoma.

sipo Kugadzirwa michina mumba

Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha nzira kugadzira chigadzirwa, pasina pamba.

1. Ready kutenga chinokosha hwaro pagadzirwe. Iri nyore, inexpensive uye nokukurumidza zviitwe nzira, sei kuti sipo nemaoko avo. mugwaro iri zvinoda fungidziro yako chete uye anodiwa yokuvirisa flavorings uye colorings. Iye mupurasitiki nyore kubata, unogona kupiwa chero chimiro. Unogonawo kuwana chigadzirwa zvakajeka kana achida.
2. Purchase apedza sipo pasina zvinonhuhwira, madhayi uye siyana. Somuenzaniso, mwana. Zvadaro muchikuya, akanyauka ari kugeza nemvura, uye kuita mumutsetse wokutanga.
3. Cooking kubva muvare. Zvikuru ngozi panyaya vakachengeteka uye mabhodhoro nguva-muitiro. Zvinogona kuitwa mumwe maindasitiri nzira. Zvisinei, ziva kuti zvinokosha kushanda nokungwarira kwazvo alkalis. Uye kwete pamba, uye mune chaiyo kamuri.