Arambe achirema vepasi. The kudzidza nyika

The Earth ndiyo chikamu zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, riri chinhambwe mamiriyoni 149,8 chete kubva zuva uye ndiye wechishanu kupfuura pakati mamwe mapuraneti.

A zvishoma pamusoro Nyika

The velocity munhu yokudenga muviri yakapoteredza Sun ndiye 29,765 km / s. Full chijana zvinoita kuti 365,24 kwezuva mazuva. Nyika yedu ine rimwe Satellite. mwedzi uyu. Zvinonzi orbiting redu pane chinhambwe 384.400? Km. Mars ane kwemwedzi miviri, uye Jupiter - matanhatu navanomwe. Avhareji nharaunda yacho puraneti riri 6371 km nepo rakafanana ane ellipsoid, zvishoma flattened panguva matanda uye akatambanudza pamwe neequator.

Mukanyiwa uye arambe achirema Nyika

kurema kwayo 5.98 * 1024 makirogiramu, uye avhareji arambe achirema Nyika iri 5,52 g / masendimita ^3. Panguva iyoyowo nhamba iri pasi goko ndiyo 2,71 g / masendimita ^{3 mukati.} Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti arambe achirema of Nyika iri yekudyidzana kwakawedzera kurutivi udzamu. Izvi imhaka ayo mamiriro.

Earth yokutanga avhareji arambe achirema akafunga ne Newton, iyo yava dzaona mu uwandu 5-6 g / masendimita ^3. makemikari anoumba Its zvakafanana mapuraneti pano, akadai Venus uye Mars uye yapera Mercury. Zvinoumba pasi simbi - 32% Kwezvokudya Nemiti - 30%, silica - 15%, MG - 14% sarufa - 3% Ni - 2% karusiyamu - 1,6% aruminiyamu - 1.5%. In dzasara zvinhu Verengai nhoroondo inenge 1,2%.

Nyika yedu - Blue mufambi ari muchadenga

Kuwana Earth pedyo Sun kuti simba iri pamberi avo kana nemamwe makemikari ari emura uye gaseous mamiriro. Nokuda Zvinoumba Wepasi siyana, akaumba mhepo, hydrosphere uye lithosphere. Muchadenga ine chaizvoizvo kuti musanganiswa magasi, senitrogen uye okisijeni 78% uye 21% azvaitwa. Uyewo, carbon dioxide - 1,6% uye zvisaririra uwandu inert magasi akadai nehelium, neon, xenon, uye vamwe.

Hydrosphere nyika yedu iri mvura uye anopindura 3/4 kwayo pamusoro. Earth - chete kuvazivisa nyika iri nyika dzose dzinotenderera zuva nhasi, ine hydrosphere. Water akabatanidzwa inokosha basa kwaita upenyu Panyika. Nokuda kwayo yakakwirira chaizvo kupisa kutenderera uye hydrosphere haaiti kuti okunze panguva latitudes siyana, uye zvinowanisa pasi okunze. Her inomirira nyanza, nzizi uye pasi. Solid chikamu redu rinoumbwa sedimentary matombo, girenayiti uye basalt rukoko.

Nemamiriro Nyika yayo mamiriro

Earth sezvo dzimwe nyika dziri ane layered zvemukati marongerwo. pane musimboti wayo pakati. Izvi zvinoteverwa jasi, izvo ane nzvimbo mugove chinokosha pamusoro Vhoriyamu nyika, uye zvadaro enyika goko. Achiumbwa pakati akaturikidzana yakasiyana sezvamunoita yavo. Nokuti nguva chokuvapo yedu, anopfuura mabhiriyoni 4,5 nemakore ari kwakanyanya dombo uye zvinhu pasi pokudzora regiravhiti kupinda mberi uye kuramba nepakati Earth. Other okunze, kupenya, akaramba pedyo kwayo pamusoro.

Kunzwisisa uye inaccessibility pachipfuva

Munhu zvakaoma chaizvo kuti kupinda zvakadzika pasi. Mumwe zvakadzamisisa matsime akachera pasi Kola Peninsula. udzamu wayo 12 makiromita.
Daro pachiso kusvikira nechepakati puraneti kunopfuura 6300 makiromita.

Tinoshandisa kunanga pakutsvakurudza

Nemhaka iyi moyo yedu, akaisa panguva yakawanda kudzika, ongorora migumisiro ine zvizivikanwe nemichina ongororo. awa ose Pasi panguva dzakasiyana pfungwa rinowanikwa munenge gumi oscillations ayo nechepamusoro. Pahwaro ezviuru zvizivikanwe nemichina nhepfenyuro dziri kuitisa tsvakurudzo Data kupararira panguva nokudengenyeka. vibrations aya inoparadzirwa zvakafanana sezvo ripples ari kukandira chinhu. Kana wave chinopinda munzvimbo nekuumbanidzwa layer kwayo kumhanya anobva angochinja. Tichishandisa date ichi, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuziva miganhu yomukati anoshongwa panyika. Nemamiriro Nyika, pane chikuru akaturikidzana matatu.

goko nyika yacho zvivako

Yokumusoro goko Nyika - ndiwo goko pasi. ukobvu Its anogona dzinosiyana 5 makiromita mu Oceanic munzvimbo 70 makiromita munharaunda dzemakomo yakaoma. Pachinhu yose nyika goko ichi sezvo dzakaonda sechinhu eggshell, uye pasi payo moto unoparadza pevhu. Mashoko anoratidza dambudziko pezvakaitwa kuitika muura enyika kuti tinoona muchimiro kuputika kwemakomo, uye kudengenyeka kwenyika, kuparadza kukuru.

goko The Earth kuti - ndiro chete rukoko kunowanikwa vanhu kuti vararame uye azere kuferefeta. Sechivako goko paNyika pasi makondinendi uye nyanza dzinosiyana.

goko Continental pasi ane nzvimbo nzvimbo duku zvakawanda zvepasi, asi ane zvakawanda kunzwisisa chivakwa. It unotora munhu sedimentary rukoko chokunze girenayiti uye basalt akaturikidzana ari pasi. The Continental goko kusangana refu-vakamira matombo, ane zera riri mabhiriyoni maviri nemakore.

Oceanic goko wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, chete makiromita anenge mashanu, uye unotora akaturikidzana maviri: rezasi uye yokumusoro sedimentary basalt. Chizvarwa Oceanic dzinoita havana pfuura makore mamiriyoni 150. In rukoko urwu, upenyu hunogona kuvapo.

Nguo uye zvatinoziva nezvazvo

Pasi goko rukoko overlies inonzi nejasi. Muganhu pakati payo uye nemakwati zvikuru nehasha mavara. Zvinonzi anonzi Mohorovicha layer uye rinogona kuwanikwa ari kudzika anenge makumi mana makiromita. muganhu Mohorovicha ine kunonyanya kubva basalt uye silicates zviri chakasimba mamiriro. The anosiyiwa mimwe "muhomwe dhaka", dziri iri mvura.

Pakukora jasi - anenge zviuru zvitatu makiromita. vaakawana pane dzimwe nyika chete akaturikidzana. On ichi pane kuwedzera hwakajeka kumuganhu zvizivikanwe nemichina velocities kubva 7,81 kusvika 8.22 km / s. jasi kwePasi rakakamurwa okumusoro zvinoriumba. Muganhu pakati date rukoko anoshanda geospheres Galitsina iri ari kudzika vanenge 670? Km.

How kuvaka ruzivo pamusoro nejasi?

Mukutanga pamuganhu remakore rechi20 Mohorovicha kuzviita kukurukurwa. Vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti ndiyo pane kuti metamorphic neurongwa matombo kuumbwa dzakakwirira arambe achirema. Other masayendisiti akatsanangura unopinza kuwedzera zvizivikanwe nemichina chinozunguzirwa velocity kuchinja zviri matombo kubva pfupi chiedza kwakanyanya mhando.

Zvino maonero iri kuonekwa kunzwisisa inokosha kutsvakurudza nzira uye pezvakaitwa kuti atore nzvimbo mukati pasi. Pacharo jasi paNyika zvakananga hazvisi kuwanikwa zvakananga kutsvakurudza nemhaka yakadzika-nhema, uye iye haana kuuya pamusoro.
Naizvozvo, zvinokosha ruzivo inotengwa nevanhu geochemical uye geophysical nzira. Kazhinji, kuburikidza vavakezve zviripo manyuko - anonetsa zvikuru basa.
Jasi kugamuchira nemwaranzi kubva pakati, kudziyirwa kubva 800 madhigirii kusvika madhigirii 2000 pamusoro pedyo musimboti. Zvinofungirwa, chokwadi, kuti pafuma jasi iri kugara zvitange.

Zviri arambe achirema pakati jasi Pasi?

The arambe achirema Nyika mukati jasi rinosvika anenge 5,9 g / masendimita ^3. The kumanikidzwa kunowedzera ukuru uye anogona kusvika 1,6 Mill. ATM. Panyaya Pakusarudza tembiricha iri jasi maonero masayendisiti zvakawanda uye pachinzvimbo dzinopikisana, 1500-10000 Celsius. Ndivo richikunda pfungwa pakati pemasayendisiti.

The pedyo nepakati, inopisa

Pakati Pasi rakatorwa tsanga. Its yokumusoro chikamu riri kudzika 2900 makiromita pachiso (Nechepakati) uye anenge 30% of zvachose kurema nyika. rukoko urwu ane ehupfumi ose viscous mvura uye magetsi conductivity. Rine vanenge 12% sarufa 88% yesimbi. In musimboti-jasi pasi arambe achirema inowedzera zvikuru uye rinosvika anenge 9,5 g / masendimita ^3. Pamusangano kudzika anenge 5100? Km vanoziva chikamu chacho yomukati, iyo nharaunda izvo anenge 1260 makiromita, uye uremu - 1,7% kubudikidza kurema nyika.

The kumanikidzwa nechepakati kuitira hombe kuti simbi uye nickel, izvo kuva emura, vari yakasimba mamiriro. Maererano nokutsvakurudza, centre paNyika inzvimbo Superextreme ezvinhu ane kumanikidzwa mamiriyoni 3.5 atmospheres uye kutonhora pamusoro 6000 inegumi.

Panyaya iyi, simbi-nickel chiwanikwa haisi hwakatamisirwa chacho mamiriro, pasinei nokuti utsotso kurehwa simbi idzi akaenzana 1450-1500 Celsius. Nokuda yakakura nevamwe nechepakati zvakawanda uye arambe achirema Nyika zvikuru kwazvo. Mumwe cubic decimeter zvinhu hunorema vanenge gumi nehafu makirogiramu. Hazvina yakasiyana uye chete panzvimbo nyika kuti arambe achirema kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura zvimwe pamubhedha wake.

Wedzera zvigadziriswe dzose nekuita mukati Pasi kwaizova zvinonakidza kwete chete, asiwo kubatsira. We aizova zvakajeka inotungamirwa zvakasiyana mamineral dzavo nzvimbo. Zvichida zvaizotora kunyatsonzwisisa mashandiro kudengenyeka kwenyika kuti zvaizoita kuti zvakarurama avanyevere. Parizvino, vane nezvimwewo uye kuunza yakawanda rufu nokuparadzwa. ruzivo rwomene pamusoro convection Rwako uye kudyidzana kwavo lithosphere, anogona akajekesa dambudziko iri. Naizvozvo, masayendisiti ramangwana richava refu, zvinofadza uye anobatsira basa nevanhu.