Yavaibvisa hydroxide, panyama uye makemikari ayo zvivako:

Yavaibvisa hydroxide, kana caustic pasoda - inorganic remubatanidzwa raiva boka zvigadziko kana hydroxides. Uye Nzira uye kunze ichi fuma inonzi caustic pasoda. Common zita - caustic pasoda - zvakanga nokuda kwayo akasimba kungatikanganisa chiito.

Ichi chakasimba chena crystalline fuma ane hygroscopicity, kubvunda pa 328 inegumi. Yavaibvisa hydroxide iri nyore soluble nemvura uye ane simba electrolyte. Kana dissociation hunoparadza kuva simbi nokuo- nga uye hydroxide ions.

Pamusoro pokutaura mumvura anoumba rinoita mukomboni - alkali - soapy aone. Izvi zvakaitwa anobuda nokukurumidza - pamwe pfapfaidzo nokupisa. Yandirova caustic ganda uye mucous membranes kunokonzera kwazvo namakemikari kutsva, saka kana iwe kushanda, unofanira kungwarira uye kudzivirira maoko ako uye maziso. Mushure kuonana pafuma kuti epithelium kana maziso, muromo, zvakakodzera achangopera munzvimbo sei anogona kusukwa nemvura uye simba mhinduro ine acetic (2%) kana Boron (3%) kubva acid, uye ipapo zvakare nemvura. Pashure kupa kwechimbichimbi rubatsiro. vacho vanofanira kuona chiremba.

Yavaibvisa hydroxide (namakemikari yokuita mukomboni - NaOH, struturnaya - NaOH) - iri mishonga kushingaira fuma, izvo zvinogona sei ne vaviri inorganic uye kubva Organic zvinhu. Wanikidza panzvimbo aqueous mhinduro zvichaita Qualitative maitiro kune hydroxide Ion siyana zviratidzo. Saka, litmus chakarurama anova rima zvitema, methyl Orange - yero, uye phenolphthalein - razibheri, sezvamakaropafadzwa kusimba ruvara achavaponesa wevasungwa pakati alkali.

yavaibvisa Gidrksid kupinda yakadaro maitiro:

1. neutralization pamwe acids, asidhi oxides uye amphoteric yeimwe. Mugumisiro ichi kuita paumbwe mvura uye munyu gidroksokompleka kana - mune nyaya maitiro nezvigadziko uye amphoteric oxides;

2. exchange munyu;

3. vane simbi zviri mumutsetse rehydrogen Beketova elektorhimichesky uye kuva pasi zvinogona;

4. munhu asiri nesimbi uye halogens;

4. hydrolysis esters;

5. saponification pamwe mafuta (kuumbwa sipo uye glycerin);

6. maitiro pamwe alcohols (alkoxides yakabereka fuma).

Uyewo yakaumbwa chimiro caustic pasoda anogona kuparadza porcelain uye magirazi, uye kuvapo okisijeni - yomuchinda simbi (Platinum).

Yavaibvisa hydroxide anogona vakazvigadzirirwa nzira:

1. electrolysis pamusoro aqueous NaCl (diaphragm uye Kamudzira nzira)
2. makemikari (madota uye ferrite nzira).

Mumakore achangopfuura, kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa nzira dziri kwakavakirwa electrolysis, nekuti ivo zvimwe zvisingabatsiri.

Caustic mushaba kwakakurumbira chaizvo uye rinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri zhinji - zvizorwa, pulp nebepa, kemikari, Whitehead Textile, zvokudya. Rinoshandiswa sechinhu chirungiso E-524, nokuti degassing kwakavakirwa uye pakugadzirira biodiesel.

Saka, yavaibvisa hydroxide, - a nesipo, iro rave richishandiswa nevakawanda muminda mabasa evanhu akasiyana-siyana nokuda kwayo mishonga reactive hunhu.