Social Kusiyanisa: Hunorevei nzanga dzemazuva ano?

Muzana XIX remakore rakanga rapararira maonero akadaro ari evanhu maumbirwo kwenzanga, maererano iyo huru yokuona nayo chinzvimbo Kusiyanisa akanga chokuita zvokurarama kugadzirwa. Zvikurukuru, maonero aya aiva Marxism. Zvisinei, theorists dzayo dzakanga dziri kwadzo kwete chete makirasi, asiwo zvakaturikidzaniswa mukati boka rimwe nerimwe (somuenzaniso, diki, svikiro uye hombe bourgeoisie), nokudaro achisimbisa kuti kusaruramisira uye chokudzingwa vari yo chero boka revanhu. Zvisinei, vaidavira kuti vanofanira kukurira, uye boka yakadaro, proletariat, kuridza ichi basa munhau.

Pfungwa yakatanga Kusiyana, kirasi dzidziso, inobva chete evanhu Kusiyanisa akanga avete. Munyori uyu stratification dzidziso raiva Pitirim Sorokin. Iye akava hurongwa rose nezviratidzo nzira munzanga stratification, achiumba sechivako evanhu muviri. Sorokin akasiyanisa univariate uye multivariate stratification, kureva, weboka vanhu muzvikwata akadai "strata" mumwe chinhu uye wose vanochengeta wavo. Paaibuda strata izvi pamusoro zvakadai unhu nyaya sezvo basa, mari, Magariro, dzidzo, mupfungwa maitiro, zvitendero, maitiro manyorerwo, uye vamwe vakawanda. evanhu zvomunguva vanotenda stratum chawo uye "kuguma" chinhu evanhu mamiriro.

Masayendisiti vari zvakare kuziva sei njodzi wacho uye munzanga Kusiyanisa kwenzanga takatsunga ne weboka kupinda strata. Vakaverenga mukana achichinja kubva rimwe boka kune rimwe (chinjikira mufambo), uyewo mukati zvidzidzo (kutwasuka), mumwe, vaviri kana kupfuura zvizvarwa, ichijekesa pakati pavo pamutemo uye chero mufambo. Kudzidza dambudziko stratification zvikuru basa reDare dzidziso Max Weber. Aidavira kuti musiyano pakati mapoka evanhu imhaka kwete chete kuti vawane paruzhinji upfumi, simba uye mutemo, asiwo zvemagariro zviratidzi - chinzvimbo uye mukurumbira. Maererano Weber, nerimwe boka tinoberekwa mumwe kwokukurukurirana upenyu - tsika, mapatani, tsika.

Kudzidza zvinodiwa dzaanofanira kuzvibata kwevanhu munzvimbo ino, uyewo sei munzanga Kusiyanisa kunokanganisa chinzvimbo chavo, vaiita vazivi uye evanhu akadai Lyndon uye Mead. Kwakadaro zvinoumba evanhu basa, somunhu kufanana nevechiduku uye nomukurumbira, kuti vanhu zvakakodzera akagoverana nokuda boka ravo, kuongorora chero munhu kana chiitiko (semuenzaniso, hachizi mbatya kutenga, kana kuti kutumira vana vavo kuna Yelky University, zvaida kuva Rolls-Royce kana Mercedes ). Kana munhu achida kubvisa pasi vakaisa basa, somunhu mutemo, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti varasikirwa chinzvimbo, uye zvinogona kushandiswa ake mumagariro zvirango.

Social Kusiyanisa Muzviitiko izvi ichichinja maitiro boka, uye kunyange wose muvanhu pamusoro maitiro romunhu wacho, izvo "anoramba" kuzadzisa zvomurayiro zvinodiwa kazhinji kugamuchirwa dzemunharaunda uye tsika. zvirango kwakadaro kunogona kuwanikwa pasi pemurairo, uye dzimwe nguva vanenge kwakavakirwa tsika, tsika kana chitendero. Izvi zvinonyanya sevanhu tsika vanhu, kana vachipinda mukufamba kunyange chaiko kuita - kurova, rufu, kana Lynch lynching, mujeri. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kushandisa zvirango zvoupfumi zvakadai fines kana kutorerwa pfuma. Asi nyika dzakawanda ano dzinowanzotsigi- chete vanhu yokuratidza nokusaremekedza.

The kudyidzana pakati evanhu mabasa, chinzvimbo, zvirango, mukurumbira, uye dzimwe nzira yakadaro kudzidza kurangwa chaiyo, interactionism. Mumwe nomumwe mapoka aya, uti masayendisiti, anosika "nyika" yayo apo kupendwa "upenyu manyorero" mamwe mabasa, vamwe hembe. Pane kunyange pasocial Kusiyanisa yomutauro kunotangira kusiyana mapoka makuru evanhu ari nyanzvi chepamusoro kana munda. Asi nyika yakadaro kugadzikana. Avo kana zvimwe zviitiko zvevoruzhinji, kunyanya pamwero mukuru, simba vanhu kuti uongorore zvakare basa ravo uye kuti dzimwe nguva zvisingatarisirwi chaizvo zviito. Saka kuchinja mune yaizivikanwa nyika umo basa achangobva vakaparadzira.