Park "Sophia", Uman. History Park

Park "Sophia" (Uman) - inzvimbo anozivikanwa nevakawanda. Gore negore vaenzi makwai pano kwete chete Ukraine, asiwo kubva yakavakidzana uye kunyange kunze. Chii kunokwezva zvose izvi vanhu? Zviri nechepakati kwenyika pane kona kuti zvakakodzera kwakadaro? Zvakaratidza, hungu.

Vakawanda zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti mune dzimwe nzira Uman - Ukraine muchidimbu. Sei? Yose ndeyokuti kuti tinoda chete kuwana iye panzvimbo ino, uye uchaona kuti siyana hunhu nharaunda iyi: pano, zvinoita sokunge kuti chinhu - makomo uye nzizi akavanda pasi mubako pasi uye zuva minda, miti yakasiyana uye yakafukidzwa akasvibirira uswa mafuro. Uye muna Ukraine mhenyu mhando, rupo uye nomutsa zvikuru vanhu, vakagadzirira zvokudya mufambi, kuratidza nzira uye anopa zvose zvakafanira mashoko ari kufamba.

Nyaya ino ndehwokuti kukuudza zvose pamusoro ichi hunoshamisa nzvimbo panyika, sezvo paki "Sophia" (Uman). Muverengi anodzidza kwete chete pamusoro iripiko nzvimbo iyi, asi tinyatsoziva nhoroondo parinowanika. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mazano zvinokosha uye mazano achapiwa pane kushanyira panzvimbo yokutanga.

Pearl Cherkassy nharaunda

Uman "Sofievka", rakasiyana nemamwe paka muUkraine - mazwi aya, zvichida, vava zvakafanana kuti vafambi vazhinji farira. Uye ichi Chokwadi, hakusi netsaona. Ngatiedzei kukurira nyaya iyi zvizere.

Chekutanga zvose zvinokosha kuziva kuti Uman - taundi duku riri mumwoyo Ukraine, Cherkassy nharaunda, anenge equidistant kubva maviri makuru maguta kamwe patsika munyika - Kiev uye Odessa.

Kazhinji, hapana inokosha zvikuru munhoroondo ukoshi kana nemamwe mapurani sezvivako. Kunyange zvakadaro, nzvimbo iyi akashanyira gore negore nokuda zvinopfuura hafu yemiriyoni vashanyi vanobva pasi pose. Chii chinoita kuti vanhu vade zvakadaro? Totenda kuti pane mumwe zvinoshamisa Ukraine - Arboretum "Sofiyivka", inova Nyanzvi kuti nzvimbo unyanzvi kwechokwadi.

Chikamu ichi guta kubva maminitsi rokutanga chairo zvinoshamisa wayo akanaka landscape, yakanaka mudziva, upenyu hwaAbhigairi grottos uye naka zvivezwa. Zviya, kwete zvose kuti paki iri mukati guta vanozvininipisa rainzi Uman (Ukraine), anogona kuva pakati zvikuru zvinoshamisa dzenyika.

"Sofiyivka" ndiyewo chimwe chezvinhu kudanana nzvimbo munyika. Uye ichi hazvishamisi, nokuti guva iri nzvimbo uri chaizvoizvo kusikwa kwete chete muzita rudo, asi Rinofananidzira kwemakore 200 apfuura.

"Sofiyivka" nguva Potocki

Uman, Ukraine pamepu kuwana chete zvakakwana. nzvimbo iyi inongova panguva mharadzano inokosha dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, uye zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwagara, kubva chaizvo inception guta rino. Tinazvo ruzivo ichi, hapana kuziva kuti ichi ndicho chokufambisa nomusimboti akasarudzwa mushure pakuvaka rimwe dzokugara ose Count S. Potocki, anozivikanwa panguva vatengesi uye vomuridzi womunda.

Magnate akatanga paka munharaunda yavo shure muna 1796, zvisinei Wazvo hwomukova kwakaitika May 1800 mabasa vakanga vambomira kakawanda nokuda rinorema mafashamo makore mana.

Kumagumo okuvaka kwave ainyorwa zita-zuva mudzimai wake anodikanwa Count - Sofia Glyavone-Witt-Potocki. Kutaura zvazviri, pashure wake paki raiwedzera zita rayo.

Pakutanga, basa mukuru murongedzeri yemberi Paaidzidzisa kuti nzvimbo Park rinonzi "Sophia" (Uman) akakumbirwa Ludwig Metsel, mumwe atirari mukuru, mwana womukoma Potocki. Anozivikanwa uye zvachose mutengo urongwa wayo, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva mamiriyoni 2 rubles. sirivha.

Maererano zano wokutanga kupinda kusvika paki iri kurutivi inokudza, uye Kuronga zvakaoma kwakaitika pamwe porwizi. Kamenka. Maererano chirongwa Metzel vakasikwa: mupaka mvura mamiriro interconnected mumadziva, mapopoma, panobuda uye nzizi, zvivezwa, grottos Venus, Nut, kutya uye kusatenda, uye dombo Tarpeian Lefkadiaki.

Pakafa S. Potocki "Sofiyivka" akanga nhaka mwanakomana wake mukuru kubva kumuchato wake Yuzefinoy Mnishek - kureva Jerzy (Yuri) Szczęsny. Asi mugari wenhaka ceded vaiva muguta Uman uye kupaka naamainini vake Sophia, izvo zvinonzi aiva refu kudanana. Asi haana hazvisi pachena, uye mukutsinhana chemhosva chikwereti chayo - zlotys mamiriyoni 30.

Uyewo, nokuti vaifanira kubhadhara zvikwereti vaunganidza stepson uye murume (mamiriyoni 7.5 PLN), Sofia akamanikidzwa muna 1808 kupa kutengeswa Uman Russian tsarist hurumende. Iye kunyange pachake akataura kudaro panyaya kuna Alexander I. Asi panguva iyoyo ngaakuitirei kumbotaurawo nzvimbo.

Kusvikira 1813 Park "Sophia" (Uman) akaramba hwakanakisisa ezvinhu, izvi ane wandei munorumbidzirweiko L. Metzel. Zvisinei, pashure yokupedzisira akanga aenda kushanda Warsaw, "Sofiyivka" akarega zvaaishayiwa zvakakodzera uye zvishoma nezvishoma akava kuora.

Asi zviri pachena kuti nzvimbo yakanga ichiri vakaisa pasi rombo nyeredzi. Muna 1815 kuParis, yakabudiswa detembo Zofiówka, rakanyorwa Polish munyori Stanisław Stanisław Trembecki. Zvakanga iye anounza paki pani-European mukurumbira uye nokubwinya.

Pashure pokurwara kwenguva refu November 22, 1822 muridzi Park Sophia, akafa muBerlin, saka munda akapfuura kuti mwanakomana wake Alexander. It anodzoka "Sofievka" aimbova runako anotsigira mabasa matsva ayo hunoshamisa uye kunyange anobvunza A. Andrzeevski kuronga rondedzero yakatodzama mupaka kasvisto.

Zvisinei, nokuda ndakazoona Aleksandra Pototskogo chokuita vapanduki Polish, kunyange zvazvo akaramba chokwadi ichi yake pachake matsamba, nyika yake pashure October 21, 1831 vakanga sequestered nokuda Russian mamiriro.

"Sofiyivka" sezvo Garden ari Tsarina raMwari

Pasinei zvose, mupaka inopfuura gore raiva kurapa Aleksandra Pototskogo, uye ipapo akachinjirwa Kiev wokutanga Exchequer, uye gare gare - sechipo Alexandra kubva mudzimai rudo All-Russian Emperor Nicholas I. In kutsigira izvi 1850 kuCaucasus chikomo panzvimbo yakatanhamara akatasva pechifananidzo Tadeusha Kostyushko mambokadzi.

Nokuda kuisa 1838 st. Garden, uye ipapo retrofitting nayo huru, mupaka anova zvikuru nyore kuruzhinji uye kachitanga nokushingaira. Panguva ino, akavaka namabiravira, ennobled panobva, chikuru avhenyu, uye pedyo huru nesuo akavaka shongwe maviri Gothic werudzii, akavaka metende vanenge. Anti-Circe uye gazebo Flora.

Papera chinguva, varayirwa Nicholas I, metende iri pakati Gothic manyorerwo kuparadzwa uye panzvimbo yacho pane chivako manyorero ari Renaissance akasika AI Shtakenshnejdera. Pamukova shongwe riri kuvakwazve, nguva ino vari akasikwa antiikki vachizvikwidziridza. Uyezve, Apollo azere cavern uye ipapo akaisa obelisk pamwe zvitatu misoro gondo uye akaputsa Chitubu naka inonzi "Nyoka".

Park sezvo Horticultural chikoro chikuru

By zvarayirwa naMambo Alexander II muna 1859 mune rimwe guta rinonzi Uman, "Sophia" paki rwokuparidza iyo ichangobva takanakidzwa mukurumbira hombe, zita "Umansky Garden General Gardening School." In zimukadzimu ichi, ane makore akawanda.

Muna 1870, sezvo makore makumi maviri apfuura, mupaka zvakare anoona mafashamu - dhamu kwakakanganisa Dzvuku Pond, uye mvura iyerere yakakura inopfuura nomunyika nechepakati chikamu paki. Kuparadzwa Chokwadi, vaiva, asi zvachose njodzi, sezvinei, akakwanisa kunzvenga.

Maererano chirongwa Vasiliya Pashkevicha, pano pane imwe nzvimbo 2 ha akasika dzakasiyana Arboretum, asi chikuru basa achiri zvainanga varambe Uman parera racho chokutanga chimiro.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muna 1897 nzvimbo yaiva 152 hectares, uye uwandu specimens zvinomera kwakasvika 382 zviuru.

A chinozivikanwa National Park

Chirevo vanhu Commissars of Ukrainian SSR musi May 18, 1929 nokuda zita reguta pachinzvimbo Uman. "Sophia" Park, vane nhoroondo zvinonakidza chaizvo uye kunoshamisa, kuzivisa mamiriro kuchengetedza uye kuziva yakazvimirira sangano. Paaiva panguva imwecheteyo, chikamu nharaunda yayo yasara akaisa kuna Agrarian University.

Muna 1945, chete pashure pehondo, yakanga zita zvakare, panguva ino Uman State Park "Sofiyivka". Uye muna 1946, izvozvo akatotanga dzinounzwa zvinhu zvakawanda zvainanga kudzorerwa. Panguva ino, zvakanga inodzorera vazhinji mapurani okunze, mifananidzo uye alleys. On imwe nzvimbo 20 hectares, pakaitwa girinihausi nzvimbo yakagadzirirwa maberekero-siyana kwemarudzi ose kasvisto uye vapfume "Sofiyivka".

Ukrainian Academy of Sciences "Sofievka"

Muna 1955 "Sofiyivka" chikamu Central Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences of Ukrainian SSR. Zvadaro, kuwedzera nzvimbo yacho paki iri yakafanira kunyika Umansky Gorkommunkhoz, Agricultural Institute uye reuto. Usarega basa iri kuvandudzika pamusoro paka: pasi gadziridzo Pink Kusviba, fence chakatsiva huru nesuo.

Muna 1956, ose zvivezwa mupaki yatsiviwa makopi uye epakutanga inotumirwa dzigare mairi. Huru avhenyu iri vaisanganisa ane tsime hova zvesirivha.

April 4, 1980 "Sophia" Park (Uman) waparadza mudflow. zvisaririra Its vanongogona kuonekwa mavanga pamiti (panguva nekukwirira 3 m).

Modern Arboretum "Sofiyivka"

Pashure penjodzi muna 4 months vakanga yakapedza kukuvara 50 Park nzvimbo. Panguva ino mutambo sangano yaiona uye zvoupfumi chikamu park, apore kare akarasika zvinhu: anenge kuvakazve pamusoro yepakutanga nekubatwa pamusoro gazebo uye chakuvhe. Aherusiyskoe.

January 23, 1991 "Sophia" paki anogamuchira mamiriro yakazvimirira sangano sezvo chikamu National Academy of Sciences rweUkraine.

Munguva kugadzirira mhemberero yacho bicentenary Arboretum rakawanda basa rinoitwa mapurani Yuri Kalashnikov. Somuenzaniso, zvakanga akasikwa predparkovy Ensemble rakadzorerwa mumadziva, ndivezve mapurani zvinhu zvakadai chivezwa segondo uye cavern pamusoro Apollo.

Tichishandisa ichangopfuura, February 28, 2004, nzvimbo vakagamuchira zita rayo yepamutemo, uye yava kunzi National Arboretum "Sofiyivka".

Chii kuona mupaki pakutanga?

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, Uman pamepu rweUkraine kunogona kunyatsooneka zvikuru. Saka, wakati asvika munyika iyi, kunyange kwenguva pfupi nguva, hatigoni maawa anopfuura zvishoma ichi mhedziso Paaidzidzisa kuti nzvimbo unyanzvi.

On chii unyatsoteerera pakutanga? Maererano inofambiswa nevafambi zhinji, "Sofievka" vanofanira kutanga kuona zvinonakidza zvinhu zvakadai:

• Snake tsime;
• Tarpeian Rock;
• Cave Appolona;
• Cretan labyrinth;
• pamusoro. Anti-Circe;
• Magungano nzvimbo;
• Cavern pamusoro KARAMOKO;
• Chinese gazebo;
• Calypso cavern;
• mapopoma Large.