Pfungwa uye sangano inishuwarenzi

Inishuwarenzi Makambani (insurers) - vanotongwa ezvokutengeserana basa, izvo zvinodzivirira zvinofarirwa insured vanhu, compensating navo zvinhu kukuvadza kana insured chiitiko. Mabasa inishuwarenzi inodzorwa nemitemo chaiyo uye kuongororwa ne regulators. MuRussia, kwakadaro regulator anoita Central Bank.

chibatiso misimboti

Chero nyika, sangano racho inishuwarenzi pazvikanganiso dzimwe nheyo, kuti tobudirira kuita mabasa avo. Ivo:

• iri nhaka reserves inishuwarenzi;
• ari mabasa munataisireva inishuwarenzi;
• mu kuwanda matura munataisireva inishuwarenzi inishuwarenzi.

Kuti aite zvinhu izvi, kuti insurer vanosungirwa kuyera ngozi panowanikwa vamwe hakusi inishuwarenzi.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu dzakawanda, inishuwarenzi uri insurer parutivi anoita nhamba. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mamiriro apindira musangano inishuwarenzi. Zviri zvaidiwa pamusoro nenheyo uye mabhizimisi inishuwarenzi kuvakwa munyika dzakawanda.

Sei basa racho inishuwarenzi

The mitemo inopa kuti nyaya yepakarepo webasa sangano inishuwarenzi inogona kuva inishuwarenzi kana reinsurance. The mazita siyana mabasa inishuwarenzi akanyorwa rezinesi, izvo nekanzuru mamiriro. Kana policyholder asingadi kuzadzikisa ayo sungiro kana anozadzisa pavo nenzira isina kukodzera, kuti rezinesi anogona kuchinjwa, sangano anorasikirwa kodzero kupa mabasa inishuwarenzi iyo Zvisinei, hazvirevi runosanganisirawo kusashandisa yayo mutoro zvinoenderana mitoro inishuwarenzi vaifungidzira kare.

Vakawanda insurers kushanda chete upfumi munda, vanoumba musika inishuwarenzi, ichipa dziviriro kuna vanhu, paruzhinji uye pasiri mabhizimisi, zvemari masangano.

Types makambani inishuwarenzi

In nyika yedu, makambani inishuwarenzi inogona kuva toga kana nehurumende uridzi. Mhedziso Vatungamiriri musika inishuwarenzi vari mudyandigere mari uye mari inishuwarenzi munzanga, izvo kuunganidza zvose fanira mipiro yokushanda venyika. makambani inishuwarenzi Private vari akaumbwa mari kubva private vanhu kana zvemari masangano.

A yakasiyana chimiro basa makambani inishuwarenzi dzakawanda private ari Lloyd kuti Syndicate. Kusonganirana ichi makambani inishuwarenzi private zvebhizimisi inishuwarenzi mukuru inishuwarenzi uye reinsurance. Vanoumba Syndicate zvokuti vakasununguka kuti unoshanda nhasi, achidzivirira kubva maduku mhuri midziyo yemagetsi kuti ngarava huru.

Rokuzvipira uye kurovererwa inishuwarenzi

Pari musika yose inishuwarenzi inogona nehasha akakamurwa:

• inishuwarenzi basa inopiwa pamusoro chokuzvidira hwaro;
• inishuwarenzi, nokudzorwa mutemo.

Kunogona kuva voga uye chinhu chacho wechitatu pamusoro kambani yacho inishuwarenzi, unonzi "reinsurance" kana kupatsanurwa kuita inishuwarenzi pakati maviri kana kupfuura masangano. chimiro ichi kuita kudzivirira hunosanganisira kuparadzira zvichibvira kubhadhara mari pakati insurers akawanda. Masangano inishuwarenzi Insurance ambotirega kupa mari kundosangana zvavaifanira pasina zvikuru kukuvara ayo ezvinhu zvemari.

Kana kuti rokutengesa inishuwarenzi zvaidiwa mazano kare yakapa mumwe purofiti, sangano mumagariro vakachengeteka zvakasimba inotongwa nehurumende. Ngatiedzei kukurira matombo iwayo inishuwarenzi, izvo zvaida tichitarisa murayiro.

inishuwarenzi rokumanikidzirwa

State anoita zvimwe zvigadzirwa fanira inishuwarenzi pahwaro kudzivirira vanhu kana bhizimisi masangano dzinoitwa zvinodiwa nehurumende. sangano Default rokumanikidzirwa inishuwarenzi anopa zvinodiwa vagari, uyo akazivisa muBumbiro reMitemo. In tsika rinotsvaka sezvinotevera:

• ose mugari anekodzero dzakatsarukana basa - iri mubasa inishuwarenzi pamusoro tsaona kubasa;
• wose ane kodzero norusununguko rwokufamba - ari kusimbisa ichi - rokumanikidzirwa policies MTPL inishuwarenzi, insuring vabatsirike njodzi vemapato wechitatu;
• wose ane kodzero dzoutano - mutemo uyu chinosimbiswa rokumanikidzirwa inishuwarenzi of Social Inishuwarenzi Fund kuti runovimbisa inishuwarenzi kubhadhara kana urwere;
• Vagari kodzero inokudzwa akwegura - ndiye ichi mudyandigere Fund.

Mabasa insurers vari Implementation rweinishuwarenzi rokumanikidzirwa kwakavakirwa zvimwe mitemo nemirayiro, izvo waiti:

• zvinhu izvo ichi mhando inishuwarenzi runodiwa;
• cover inishuwarenzi, izvo zvinosanganisira shoma fanira kubhadhara inishuwarenzi uye mitemo kunonyanyisa huwandu mubhadharo inishuwarenzi;
• mabasa uye kodzero inishuwarenzi uye insured vanhu.

Rokumanikidzirwa inishuwarenzi uye insurers

Murayiro inopa mazita nemasangano vane kodzero kuitisa mabhizimisi inishuwarenzi ari gadziriro rokumanikidzirwa inishuwarenzi. Mamwe makambani inishuwarenzi vakasikwa pahwaro wehurumende (mudyandigere Fund, Social Insurance Fund). Vamwe insurers vane kodzero tiite mabasa mumunda rokubva inishuwarenzi (CTP Somuenzaniso).

Kudzora munzvimbo zvinokosha pakudzivirira kodzero vemo, hurumende ine mabasa maviri:

• It waanodzikisira kwokutanga mipiro, zvichiita inishuwarenzi rokumanikidzirwa kutenga vagari dzakawanda;
• It kunovimbisa kunonyanyisa mishumo inishuwarenzi zvidzidzo, zvichiita sangano mumagariro kuchengeteka mutengo-runziro uye mari andinenge.

Funga kuti insurers vari kushanda mumunda inishuwarenzi zvairayirwa. Classic mienzaniso iyi inogona kuva mudyandigere Fund uye FSS.

Sangano inishuwarenzi mu ehurumende mari

mudyandigere sangano inishuwarenzi munyika yedu inobva symbiosis maviri nehurongwa huru:

• yokubatana kuti akamuka kwatiri sezvo nhaka neSoviet Union;
• pachake, ndiro itsva inoti okupedzisira makore gumi nemashanu.

Apo vagari hurongwa, mumwe mugari wenyika mudyandigere zvipo inobhadharwa kupinda mukuru bhajeti iri mudyandigere Fund. Naizvozvo, zvakanga akabhadhara vachibudisa mari, zvichienderana ukuru dzakasiyana zvinhu nevamwe. Pasinei ayo nyore, yokubatana hurongwa kwakatungamirira kuti vanhu vanenge vakashanda kwemakore mashanu, uye mumwe muvana zana chaizvoizvo akatanga kugamuchira chete mudyandigere.

Kunze egalitarianism kwakadaro, kwakaratidza chimwe drawback yokubatana ezvinhu: yakaoma dhefisiti of mudyandigere Fund. Kuti vaenzanise kuti mudyandigere bhajeti, hurumende yakasarudza kuti ataure munhu zvichienderana kunyoresa mudyandigere mari. Ose mugari, zvichienderana yavanotambira deducts mumwe chikamu kune pachavo mudyandigere nhoroondo yako, sezvinoita rubatso mubhengi, uye Paaizosvika mudyandigere zera anowana yayo mudyandigere.

inishuwarenzi utano

The sangano noutano inishuwarenzi rokumanikidzirwa kwakavakirwa PAYG kwemipiro yaigamuchirwa. Wese deducts avo mari imwe chikamu chemari mumagakava kuchengeteka Fund. Mari iyi inobhadharwa kwaari "kurwara" sezvo kuripwa mubayiro nokuda chirwere. FSS iri mubasa kuripwa "Fiat" uye kubhadhara kutarisira vana vaduku. The chete mari zvaizopedza mari nokuda urema kwaikonzerwa tsaona mu mufambiro mabasa ounyanzvi. Kana vagari uchida kuwana mamwe muripo - somuenzaniso, kuti dzosera mari kurapa munhu kuvhiya kuvhiyiwa, - mabasa avo zvokurapa inishuwarenzi Kwokuzvidira.

kuita inishuwarenzi

Kuita inishuwarenzi - rudzi kudzivirira vakaurayiwa. peculiarity Its iri ndechokuti chibvumirano kuti inishuwarenzi yacho insurer uye kugumisa yeinishuwarenzi mitemo pedhi. Kubhadhara zvinhu iyi mhando inishuwarenzi zvaunoswedera rechitatu, wakuvara munhu. A muenzaniso chaiwo ari kuita inishuwarenzi mitemo CTP.

CTP ari mubasa inishuwarenzi kuita kuti kukuvadza kunokonzerwa kumapati rechitatu somugumisiro mutsaona yemotokari.

sangano kuita inishuwarenzi iri zvoupenyu basa avo insurers vari kodzero pariri. Shoma coefficient kwokutanga kubhadhara uye kufadza payout anodzorwa nomutemo. Hurumende anewo kodzero yokusarudza kuti zvichakanganisa nekure kukuvara - iri mari kana mhando, uye kuongorora mabasa insurers.