Urongwa hwehushuwarisi

Chibvumirano chekudzivirirwa kwepfuma pamusana pezviitiko zvekuchengetedzwa nekuda kwezvipo zvehurukuro iyi inonzi inshuwarisi. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo inshuwarisi inhengo yakanyoreswa nokuda kwekufambisa kwebasa iri, pamwe chete nemuteiridzi weizvi. Inishuwarenzi iyo inhengo inobhadhara zvipo, uye ine ukama hwepamutemo neye insurer.

Inishuwarenzi yakakamurwa kuva mamwe marudzi. Pasi pemaonero, zvikwereti zvakafanana zvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadziriswa mune chimwe chikwereti chemhosva yehushuwarisi inorehwa. Izwi rokuti "inshuwarisi" rine maRatin midzi, mafilologists eWestern anoti, uye anoshandura se "asinganzwisisiki". Mune mitauro yeSlavic inotendwa kuti izwi rokuti "inshuwarisi" ishoko rekuti "kutya". MuRussia Federation, inshuwarisi inoshandiswa yesayenzi yose, maererano nekushandiswa kweiyo basa rekugadzirwa nemakambani, zvisikwa, zvakashamwaridzana mazano uye spheres.

Rudzi rwehushuwarisi rwakavakirwa pane kusiyana kwehuwandu hwemhosva. Inogonawo kugadziriswa pamusiyano wezvinhu zveshuwarenzi. Muna 1978, maitiro nemhando dze inshuwarisi zvakasimbiswa kune dzimwe nhengo dzeEEC. Izvi zvakasikwa maererano nemitemo uye EEC directive pamusoro pemakambani einishuwarenzi. Kuenzanisa kwehushuwarisi kunosanganisira marudzi matanhatu emakore akawanda uye mamwe 17 anowanikwa.

Nguva dzenguva refu:

• Inishuwarenzi yehutano isingaperi;
• Pensions;
• Kurasikirwa kwezvemari;
• Upenyu;
• Kumutambo uye kuberekwa kwemwana;
• Mixed insurance.

Urongwa hwemhando dze inshuwarisi dzine chokuita nevose:

• Inishuwarenzi yemotokari.
• Kubva pazviitiko.
• Zvinhu zvinhu (chivako).
• Motokari yemotokari.
• Kubva pane kurasikirwa mune zvemari.
• Cargo inshuwarisi.
• Muzviitiko zvekurwara.
• Ndege.
• Kubva pane njodzi dzinongoitika dzoga nemoto.
• Mutoro wehurumende yevatyairi vemotokari.
• Uye zvakadaro.

Inishuwarenzi ine maindasitiri mana makuru, ayo anosanganisira maverengani mashoma.

Inishuwarenzi yematambudziko emabhizimisi Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kurashikirwa kwepfuma (ngozi paya kushandisa shanduro itsva, zvigadzirwa, zvisingabatsiri zvisingabatsiri zvichienderana nekutengeswa kusina kukanganisa, kukanganisa kubva mumashandi asina basa, nezvimwewo). Iyi indasitiri yakakamurwa kuva:

• Direct loss inishuwarenzi;
• Uyewo nekurasikirwa kwakasiyana.

Imba yemhando ye inshuwarisi. Chinhu ichi chinoshandiswa nemabhizimisi zvinhu zvinooneka (dzimba, motokari, zvinhu zvinokosha), inshuwarisi yemugove ine zvikamu zvinotevera:

• Inishuwarenzi yeimba yevagari ;
• Masangano ehuruzhinji uye anobatana;
• Mapurazi akaunganidza;
• Tenants;
• State mapurasi;
• State enterprises.

Inishuwarenzi yemhosva. Iyi bhizimusi inosanganisira inshuwarisi yezvisungo kuti zvizadzire mitemo, kuti uwane chikwereti. Saka, kana bhizinesi ichikonzera kukanganisa kune imwe nhengo, ipapo inshurensi ichabhadhara ichi chakaipa. Inzira yekuchengetedzwa kwemishuwarenzi inosanganisira:

• Inishuwarenzi pamusoro pemhirizhonga;
• Chikwereti inshuwarheni.

Inishuwarenzi yehupenyu hwevanhu. Muchigadzirwa ichi, chinhu ichocho upenyu, simba rebasa, hutano hwevatsigiri. Subsectors anoenderana neiyo indasitiri:

• Personal inshuwarisi yevanhu ;
• Social inshuwarisi yevashandi, vashandi, varimi vekuunganidza;
• Inishuwarenzi ye pensions noupenyu.

Nhungamiro inotungamirira, iyo inishuwarenzi inorongwa, inosanganisira kuiswa kwechikamu chekubatanidza kwega kwega kune imwe yapfuura. Kune miviri miviri ye inshuwarisi: kuzvidira uye zvinotenderwa. Idzi mafomu anovhara zvose zvibatanidzwa. Nyika inomisa inshuwarisi yakamanikidzwa. Izvi zvinoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kudiwa kwekubhadhara nekuda kwekukuvadza hakusi kungofanana nekuzvifadza kwevanhu vakakuvadzwa, asi kunokanganisa zvinodiwa zvevanhu vose.

Urongwa hwehushuwarenzi hunogonawo kuwanikwa pane zvese zvebasa re inshurenzi: misika yepamusha, yemusika wekunze, iyo yakavhengana nemusika wemisika.