Project 1174 "Rhino". Large kumhara chikepe

Kurwira utongi muna nepagungwa dzinodengenyeka rinoreva zvakafanana mhepo ukuru.

Vamabhiza kubvira kugungwa

Control nzvimbo haringorevi vakasununguka rinoshamisa warships uye njodzi kufamba pakufamba midziyo. Pane mukana kutsigira kwavo pasi mauto achiwana kubva mugungwa. Dzimwe nguva Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika panyanya hapana zvokuzviita. Anozivikanwa mabasa Sisiri uye Normandy, umo dzairwisa kunze kupambwa bridgeheads mauto Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika kurwisa ndima German-ndakabatikana, zvinooneka anoratidza inokosha kukosha kwacho. Mienzaniso kushandisa Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika dzepabonde zvakakwana munhau Russian muchiuto. Kunyange zvazvo Russia haana kuitwa inokosha Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika amabasa, asi akagadzirira vaburuke expeditionary simba mune nzvimbo Istanbul muna 1917.

Soviet Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika ngarava

Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika ngarava wokutanga kushandiswa vaiva chikamu Soviet Navy pashure peHondo Yenyika II. Kushandurwa romumhenderekedzo yegungwa rengarava mugungwa waitoda amboshandurirwa ayo pakuunganidza pfungwa. Vavaki vengarava Soviet havana ruzivo zvakakwana kuvaka ngarava kuenda ichi. Naizvozvo, ngarava okutanga Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika dzakaiswa muPoland, panguva Flughafen shipyard. Shipbuilding vanokwanisa vaimbova shipyards German Sheehan Danzig unokubvumira nokukurumidza kutanga kugadzirwa rutsva mhando ngarava. Wekutanga hombe kupfuura akatevedzana simbi tangi kumhara zvikepe Project 701. Vanoshanda munyika yacho bloc Soviet zhinji, akaratidza pacharo nezvakanakisisa ruoko.

Zvinetso uye negadziriso

Average kumhara ngarava zvinonyatsoziva kunoenderana mabasa ose romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi. Asi Soviet Navy kuwedzera anowana yomugungwa chitarisiko. Pane kudiwa nokukurumidza kumhara raanoziva, anokwanisa kuita ari dzechikwata vanoita yomugungwa vachirwisa, achibvumira kuchinjwa yokutsigira mauto pamusoro madaro marefu. basa iri raida zvikepe hombe misha ine chinokosha zvionera wekushandisa. Muna 1964, Kugadzirwa Bureau Nevsky Shipyard yakatanga chirongwa 1174 "Rhino". Cipher ichi kuzonzi itsva nhevedzano guru kumhara zvikepe (BDK). Mazita warships dzinozivikanwa hwaienzanirana imwe nyaya. A dzakatevedzana BBC "Rhinoceros" ainzi mukukudza magamba Huru Patriotic War.

A dzakatevedzana "Rhinoceros"

Achipa chirongwa waida inokosha mari unyanzvi mhinduro uye Conceptual nyaya. Kunodiwa kuti tibu- kumhara pamusoro chinokosha yakawanda midziyo uye vashandi mumamiriro ezvinhu kuti zvisingagoni akafanoona pachine. Ship simba, iyo akapiwa BBC idzva aigona siyana yekudyidzana. It akasimbisa kudiwa kwete chete yakakwirira operative kutsiga kumhara pachikuva asiwo kukwanisa kupa rutsigiro uye kufukidza kuti mauto kuti vaburuke. Nezvikonzero izvi nezvimwewo, chirongwa 1174 "Rhino" kunonoka zvakasimba. Zvisinei, zvose zvakaitika makore 14 pashure kutanga kukura. wokutanga kumhara chikepe The guru akapinda basa muna 1978. Total akakwanisa kuvaka zviumbu vatatu chirongwa. Pari yokuRussia Navy ane chete BDK "Mitrofan Moskalenko."

Design zvinhu

Musha chikepe mutsva akanga 12 000 matani. Project 1174 "Rhinoceros" achibvumira kutakura uye kunyika imwe rechiuto kuti vaifamba uye vanenge makumi mashanu zvidimbu inorema michina. Pamusangano cruising zvakawanda kusvika 4,000 mamaira nautical pamusoro payo kwemwedzi kunogona vakazvimiririra kuva vashandi uye kumhara nemauto. Zvikepe matatu hombe uriri pamusoro aft superstructure kukura kusika hwomutambarakede ezvinhu evadzimi pekugara uye kuchengetedza rwokugadzira. Shop vari vakapakata namano kuti anozunungusa transportable michina.

midziyo

Kumhara nezvaanogona kubvumira kugovera kumhara pamusoro unequipped uye unequipped yepamhenderekedzo. Project 1174 "Rhinoceros" inopa nzira dzinoverengeka basa. Nokuti achiwana pamahombekombe kana mvura shoma angashandiswa nasal zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope gedhi ane retractable murwere. Kuburikidza navo, zvinokwanisika kuti zvokuyeredza zvinoyangarara midziyo uto pasina pedyo foreshore. Ngarava ine Dock kamera zvokudya. Rakagadzirirwa vasiri zvinoyangarara vachizvitakudza midziyo pamusoro kumhara ndege uye kuzvidzora propelled platforms. Saka, kukurukura wamapoka kubva muchikepe kumahombekombe haana kuvimba kudzika bvuta uye Kuwanikwa pamhenderekedzo. Panguva imwe chete pamusoro kunoreva tama mauto kuna BDK "Ivan Rogov" dangwe series, akagovera mukana kushandisa Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika helicopters kukurumidza donhwe-kure chiedza dzepabonde zvikwata uye rutsigiro nemauto. Helicopter Group anokwanisa kununura pamusoro bridgehead kusvika 64 Commandos vakazvigadzirira imwe ndege, kuti vavape nokutsigira moto kana kubvisa.

nezvombo

Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti BBC unoshanda dzechikwata, kuona kushanda kwayo. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa racho 1174 "Rhinoceros" akapa zvikuru chakakomba zvombo. Chikepe chaigona kutsigira kumhara pamusoro atirari uye chitundumuseremusere moto. Nokuti chinangwa ichi nayo akashongedzerwa nokukurumidza-76-millimeter kanoni akatasva ari turret pamusoro tangi. Kuwedzera Pfuti svikiro simba caliber moto inopiwa zvina barreled matanhatu atirari chikwata.

System ane kutenderera chikwata hunde dzacho caliber 30 mm anosika chaizvo arambe achirema moto. Her basa iri kudzivirira izvo kubva mhepo uye gungwa kurwiswa. Air kudzivirira BDK akaita zvenguva pfupi mhepo kudzivirira mugadziriro chiito uye inotakurika Anti-ndege zvinoita zvokukandwa enyika, nokuti idzo kutanga-rinokosha turrets anopiwa. Fire rutsigiro akadyara zviumbu anogona kupiwa chombo hurongwa "Grad" zvomumvura zvikumbiro. By ihwohwo ngarava akadai "Ivan Rogov" anofanirawo zvinosanganisira ina Ka-29 gungwa anotsanangura, akaisa pamusoro yokumusoro achipfeka. Kuwedzera mupomerwi mabasa uye kutsigira kumhara pamusoro helicopters izvi vanokwanisa kuitisa Anti-yepasi pemvura hondo uye ushori.

Alternative "Mistral"

Order muFrance ina Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika dzepabonde chikepe kirasi "Mistral" Akaperekedzwa chinoshingaira nhaurirano iri madenderedzwa ane nyanzvi uye veruzhinji. nhaurirano kwakanyanya inonzi echibvumirano kunze ngarava guru, izvo zvakakonzera kuvhiringika. The Soviet Union akavaka zvikuru kunzwisisa hwokugadzira hurongwa uye chombo. Mativi ose gakava vane zvikonzero maonero ake dambudziko. Zvechokwadi, Russia ine zvinogona kuvaka chikepe chero mukirasi.

Asi nhoroondo chirongwa 1174, urwo rwakatora anenge namashanu, anoratidza kunzwisisa uye unoreva zvakawanda pamusoro mubvunzo. Zvikepe Russian muchidzoka kuna kumakungwa, uye zvakare mubvunzo unomuka chitarisiko Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika zvinoriumba dzechikwata, chishandiso maberere mugungwa simba panyika. Padzimbahwe racho Navy, yemamiriro chido kuwana kwete chete kumhara raanoziva, asiwo operative muzinda zvikepe yose, iyo unogona kushandisa zveboka.

Kumhara chikepe ane uyu pachena paanopfuura kwakajairika yetsiva chikepe. Zvakanakira ari "Mistral" kunofanira kusanganisira kudzorwa akakwana uye kutaurirana gadziriro. Mukuwedzera achiwana akafanana mutoro, rinogona kutakura 16 multi-basa helicopters, izvo yekudyidzana kunowedzera mukana wavanozvisunga simba Zvikepe. Mazita warships kirasi "Mistral" vanoratidza mazita Russian maguta gamba. Vanopikisa akaisa mberi musoro mumwe kuramba kutsvaka zvombo imwe nyika iri nhengo anorwisana blocs muchiuto, achitobereka nezvimwewo nengozi. Uye zvakaitika.

rumutsiriro purojekiti

Kunyangarika Soviet Union uye kwakatevedzana nematambudziko emari akasungwa kuna zvikepe zvigadziko. Rakanga decommissioned uye BDK "Alexander Nikolaev". Yaiva chikepe pane akatevedzana wechipiri. chete chete guru kumhara chikepe akaramba mubasa.

Development ngarava Dzinogara pose mumvura nepanyika vakaramba kutevera kukundikana. Lead chikepe dzinoti "Ivan Gren" Anonziwo wakazviparadzanisa mumatanda nokuda dzose kuchinja basa racho. Kuramba France kuti kupa vana UDC "Mistral" akapotsa haana kusiya rakasanangurwa pakati Navy Command. ngarava Russian kushanda ari Oceanic mapazi, vanoda chikamu kumhara. Chiitiko chinosuruvarisa kutenga kiyi zvombo hurongwa kubva vatorwa inonyevera kwayo dzokororo. Development ane chirongwa chitsva yaigona kunonoka nokusingaperi. Saka, kutaura nhasi kuti pane "Mistral" zvichabviswa kuzodzosera raparurwa "Rhinoceros" kugadzirwa BDK Cipher. Chokwadi, hazvina kunoenderana vavariro Naval Staff, uyo anoda kuva zvikuru dzakabudirira uye inoshanda kumhara papuratifomu, asi chero hakuna mumwe mhinduro.