Chii makemikari reactors? Types kwemakemikari reactors

Makemikari kuita inofanira inotungamira kuti vatendeukire reactants. It kunoratidzwa kuchinja, Vawane mumwe kana kupfuura zvinhu zvimwe pane kutanga. Nemakemikari vari siyana. It kunobva mhando reactants, kunoguma fuma, zvinhu uye nguva kwetunhu, manyowa, misha, isomerization, asidhi-alkali, redox, etc. uye Organic kwendangariro.

Chemical reactors vari tangi aiendeswa kuita zvinoitwa kuti kukudziridza chokupedzisira chigadzirwa. magadzirirwo kwavo kunobva siyana zvinokonzera pamusoro uye vanofanira kupa kunonyanyisa zvibereko zvikuru mutengo kunobudirira nenzira.

mhando

Pane nzira nhatu dzinonyanya kutapuriranwa zvinokosha yokutevedzera kwemakemikari reactors:

• Batch.
• Kuramba vakamutsa tangi (HPM).
• Chivhariso-kuyerera reactor (PFR).

Izvi dzinokosha mhando zvinogona dzakachinjwa maererano zvinodiwa makemikari kwacho.

Batch reactor

Makemikari vamapoka ichi mhando zvinoshandiswa batch mangé pezvakaitwa pane pamwero muduku kugadzirwa, maitiro nguva refu kana apo yakanakisisa selectivity kunokwanisika, sezvo mune dzimwe pezvakaitwa polymerization.

Nokuti chinangwa ichi Somuenzaniso, zviri izvo vashatirwa Stainless simbi mudziyo rekambani kushanda mashizha, gasi matema kana achishandisa pombi. Temperature kuzvidzora rinoitwa Via kupisa Exchange Mabhachi, kudiridza sefiriji kana kupomba kuburikidza nekupisa exchanger.

Batch reactors pari kushandiswa zvemakemikari uye zvokudya kugadzira Mazinga. kushandisa michina yavo uye Optimization pave kunzwisisa, sezvo zvakafanira chokubatanidza kuramba uye discrete kwendangariro.

Semi-batch mangé kwemakemikari reactors vanobatanidza basa rinoramba uye batch mangé modes. A bioreactor Somuenzaniso, nguva nenguva akatakura uye anoramba anosunungura carbon dioxide, izvo zvinofanira kuramba kubviswa. Saizvozvowo, kana chlorination maitiro, kana mumwe reactants ndiyo kuiisa chlorine gasi, kana asina dzakabatwa ichi-, unorema kwayo runopwa.

Kuti pave nechokwadi guru inogadzirwa mavhoriyamu kureva makemikari reactors kana kuramba simbi mudziyo ane stirrer kana kuramba chokubuda.

Kuramba vakamutsa tangi reactor

emura reactants vanopiwa kuti Stainless simbi mugaba. Kuti pave nechokwadi kwakakodzera kusakarongeka kwavo kushanda reza yabvongodzwa. Saka, muna kwakadai reactor ari reactants vari kuramba zvokudya munzvimbo yokutanga dura (kutwasuka, simbi), uye ipapo kupinda nekutambira, panguva imwe chete kunyatsoongorora vachisanganisa mumudziyo mumwe. Kunyange zvazvo Zvinoumba musanganiswa riri dzakafanana mune rimwe tangi munyika yose wevasungwa dzinosiyana mudziyo kuti mudziyo.

Avhareji nguva yakawanda kuti discrete uwandu reactant inopedza iri tangi (chokugara nguva) inogona dzaona nokungoita kugovera Vhoriyamu mugaba pagungano volumetric mwero kuyerera therethrough average. Zvinotarisirwa chikamu kuvakwa kuita rinowanikwa nokushandisa mushonga kinetics.

Akagadzirwa Stainless simbi Matangi kana alloys uye enamelled.

Zvimwe zvinokosha zviri DMI

Masvomhu All anoteererwa kwakavakirwa dzakanakira kongiri. The kuita makabva pamwero chokuita chokupedzisira pfungwa. Panguva zvakanyatsoenzana, kuerera mwero inofanira kuva akaenzana kuerera zvazvingava, zvimwe dura izere kana chinhu.

Kazhinji zvemari zvinobetsera kushanda vanoverengeka Serial kana yakafanana HPM. Stainless simbi Matangi unganidzwa mune kupindana shanu kana matanhatu inokwana zviyero anogona azviite chivhariso aibuda reactor. Izvi zvinobvumira wokutanga chikwata kushanda pamwe yakakwirira Kuwanda reagents uye, naizvozvo, mumwe yepamusoro maitiro unodiwa. Uyewo, dura anogona kuiswa simbi HPM kutwasuka matanho akawanda, panzvimbo kwemasayendisiti ichiitwa mumidziyo siyana.

In chinjikira multistage kuurayiwa chikwata partitioned ne wehunyambiri partition masvingo zvakasiyana yakakwirira, panopinda musanganiswa inoyerera Cascades.

Kana reactants vari havaratidzi miscible kana substantially yakasiyana arambe achirema ane kutwasuka multistage reactor (magirazi-mudungwe kana Stainless simbi) ari countercurrent nzira. Izvi zvakabatsirawo reversible siyana.

The duku fluidized mubhedha chose yakavhenganiswa. Large vezvokutengeserana fluidized-mubhedha reactor ane substantially yakafanana tembiricha asi miscible blends uye kwaidarika ehurumende uye zvinopfuura runoyerera therebetween.

Chemical kuyerera reactor

PFR - a reactor (Stainless simbi), apo mumwe kana kupfuura mvura reactants vari pumped kuburikidza nenyere kana chubhu. Vanewo kunzi tubular chokubuda. Inogona kuva zvikwepa vakawanda kana sepombi. The reactants vanopiwa akaramba kuburikidza mumwe mugumo, uye zvigadzirwa zvinobva mumwe. Chemical pezvakaitwa kutora nzvimbo parinopfuura nezvakasanganiswa.

The PFR maitiro velocity gradient hurongwa: asi Inlet chaizvo, asi ane zvinoderedza wevasungwa pamusoro reactants uye chigadzirwa goho wakawedzera kugutsikana DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA ayo nokukurumidza. Kazhinji, simba zvakanyatsoenzana kunokwanisika.

Typical ndivo chinjikira uye wehunyambiri wezwi yacho reactor.

Apo inodiwa kupisa kutapurirana, munhu wacho akaita sepombi anoiswa mukati bhachi kana goko uye chubhu kupisa exchanger inoshandiswa. Mukupera zvazvingava, makemikari anogona kunge ari dzimba kana iri nyere.

Midziyo ine simbi huru dhayamita mokugezera kana zvakafanana bathtubs PFR uye zvikuru kushandiswa. Mune dzimwe configurations vanoshandisa kuyerera axial uye TOUR, multiple membranes pamwe Integrated kupisa exchangers, chinjikira kana wehunyambiri nzvimbo reactor uye zvichingodaro.

Mudziyo ane reagent zadzwe inert kana CATALYTIC particulate nyaya kuwedzera interfacial kuonana iri heterogeneous zvakaitwa.

Kukosha PFR ndechokuti Masvomhu haufaniri kufunga kutwasuka kana zvido zvevanhu vaiitawo - ichi chinorehwa nemashoko okuti "chivhariso chokubuda". The reactants dzinogona kusumwa kupinda reactor kwete chete Inlet. Saka, zvinokwanisika here vabudirire yepamusoro kunyatsoshanda of EPA kana kuderedza ukuru hwaro uye mutengo. Performance PSC rinowanzova wakakwirira kupfuura NRM zvakafanana vhoriyamu. For zvakaenzana tsika bhuku uye nguva maitiro pisitoni reactors achava yepamusoro chikamu kupera pane aggregates nokusanganisa.

simba zvakanyatsoenzana

Nokuti ruzhinji kwemakemikari pezvakaitwa hazvibviri kuita 100 muzana kupera. Dzichimhanya shoma kuwedzera indekisi ichi kusvikira nguva apo hurongwa zvasvika ane simba zvakanyatsoenzana (apo yose mhinduro kana kuchinja murwiyo hakuitiki). Pfungwa zvakanyatsoenzana dzakawanda hurongwa idukusa 100% kuvakwa kwacho. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi zvakakosha kuti kuparadzana muitiro akadai DISTILLATION, kuti zviparadzanise reagents asara kana-zvibereko chipfuro. reagents izvi zvinogona dzimwe nguva kushandiswazve pakutanga acho, semuenzaniso, dzakadai Haber muitiro.

Pokushandisa EPA

Chivhariso kuyerera reactors zvinoshandiswa kwemakemikari kutendeutsa yeimwe panguva kufamba kwavo kubudikidza ezvinhu, akafanana chubhu, nechinangwa pamwero mukuru, kutsanya, homogeneous kana heterogeneous siyana, chinoenderera kugadzirwa pezvakaitwa uye kana kusunungura yakawanda kupisa.

The akanaka PFR ane yakamisirwa dzokugara nguva, kureva, chero mvura (pisitoni) kusvika panguva t, kunosiya panguva T + τ, apo τ - .. Residence nguva iri chirimwa.

Chemical reactors iyi mhando nhaka yakakwirira siyana maitiro pamusoro kumwezve nguva, uyewo kwazvo kupisa chinja. Zvazvakashatira PFR ndiyo kuoma vachiongorora tembiricha acho kuti kungaita kuti pamamiriro tembiricha kusawirirana, uye avo yepamusoro mutengo.

CATALYTIC reactors

Kunyange zvazvo vezvikwata iyi mhando vanowanzotambura rakatangwa muna chimiro EPA, ivo vanoda kunzwisisa hanya. Mwero CATALYTIC kuita Proportional kuti uwandu tiwedzere uchikurukura makemikari. Kana anowedzera yakasimba uye mvura reactant ndiyo Proportional nokumhanya kwemasayendisiti dziripo nzvimbo, pavanopinda makemikari uye zvigadzirwa, uye kusarudzwa kunoenderana pamberi kugadzikana vaiitawo.

The CATALYTIC kuita zvamazvirokwazvo kazhinji multi-danho. Kwete chete kutanga reactants vakaitei nemashoko tiwedzere. Naye sei uye dzimwe intermediates.

Nomufambiro catalysts kunokoshawo ari kinetics ino kwacho, kunyanya pamatunhu petrochemical siyana, sezvo ivo deactivated ne sintering, coking uye pezvakaitwa zvakafanana.

Kushandisa michina mitsva

SAR rinoshandiswa kutendeuka biomass. Mune kuedza mukuru kumanikidzwa reactors anoshandiswa. The kumanikidzwa mavari anogona kusvika 35 MPa. Kushandisa akawanda hukuru kusiyanisa chokugara nguva kubva 0.5 600 seconds. Kuti tisvike kutonhora zvinopfuura 300 ° C rinoshandiswa electrically kupopotedzana reactors. biomass chikafu rinoitwa nevanhu HPLC-pombi.

PSC aerosol nanoparticles

Pane wandei kufarira kwetunhu uye kushandiswa nanoparticles zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mukuru alloys uye gobvu firimu conductors kuti ari Electronics indasitiri. Dzimwe nyaya dzacho dzinosanganisira nokuyerwa rinobva susceptibility, Kupfuudzwa ari kure michini uye zvenyukireya rinobva resonance. Nokuti izvi Hurongwa zvakafanira kubereka inodzorwa PARTICIPLE saizi. dhayamita kazhinji iri kuwanda 10 kusvika 500 nm.

Nokuda saizi dzavo, chimiro uye yakakwirira dzakananga pamusoro nharaunda inoramba izvi zvinogona kushandiswa pakugadzira zvizorwa pigments, membranes, catalysts, Ceramics, CATALYTIC uye photocatalytic reactors. Kushandisa mienzaniso nanoparticles vanosanganisira SnO ₂ nokuda carbon monoxide sensors, TiO ₂ fibers, Sio ₂ colloidal silica uye Manyiminya fibers, C kuti kabhoni fillers mu matai, Fe nokuda kurekodha zvinhu, Ni bhatiri uye, muhuwandu zviduku, palladium, magnesium uye bismuth. zvinhu zvose izvi zviri synthesized mu aerosol reactors. In mushonga, nanoparticles inoshandiswa nokuda kudzivirirwa uye vabatwe muchikuvadza zvirwere, chakagadzirwa mapfupa anodyara, uyewo kuri wouropi.

muenzaniso kugadzirwa

For alumina nezvimedu pasi argon rukova, zvakazara zvesimbi iri dzaserera ari rác 18 mm mu dhayamita uye 0.5 M Kureba tembiricha kuti 1600 ° C pa 1000 ° C / s. Sezvo gasi ndima kubudikidza reactor anouya nucleation uye ikure alumina inoramba. The kuyerera yevanhu 2 dm they ³ / Maminitsi uye kumanikidza 1 ATM (1013 Pa). Sezvo gasi iri dzaserera uye sangano anova supersaturated, zvinoita kuti kwaita nezvimedu kubva kwemotokari uye mhute mamorekuru kuti kudzokororwa kusvikira PARTICIPLE zvasvika yakaoma saizi. Sezvazvakanyorwa chinofamba kuburikidza gasi supersaturated aruminiyamu mamorekuru dzora pamusoro nezvimedu, kuwedzera kukura kwavo.