"Bulava" (chitundumuseremusere) unhu. Intercontinental ballistic chombo "Bulava"

"Mace" - rimwe Newest zvaiitika zvezvipfuwo chitundumuseremusere. Achiri kuedzwa kuti pfuma iyi. Vamwe vavo vakakundikana, izvo hwakonzera paunotsoropodzwa kubva nyanzvi. Zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti "Bulava" - mumwe chitundumuseremusere, izvo maitiro zvechokwadi rakasiyana nemamwe, uye chaizvo uchadzidza munyaya ino. Zvinokosha kuteerera chokwadi kuti yakasimba-huni ballistic chombo chakagadzirirwa zvakumbirwa zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura ( "Shark" mhando).

History chokusika

"Bulava" akasarudza vachida kukura munhu ballistic chombo 1998. Panguva iyoyo, pambiru Russian Federation Navy akanga Vladimir Kuroyedov, uyo akakurukura Kunoshandiswa "Bark" chinangwa zvine urongwa. The kunzwisisa yakanga yakagadzirwa 70 chete%, uye kuongorora aro kumbobudirira. Zvadaro, Russian Federation Council akasarudza kushandisa kukura Newest intercontinental ballistic chombo yemo Institute of Thermal Technology, pasinei nokuti ekupedzisira vasipo zvachose kubva ruzivo rakasikwa zvombo zvakadaro. Muna June 2009, zvakanga yaiitisa bvunzo yacho yokutanga "Bulava" chombo, izvo zvakava akabudirira. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga asarudza vomurova Serial kugadzirwa kupfuura ruzivo kumativi uye nemagungano. Saka, pakazopera 2012, Anatoly Serdyukov akati Data zvombo akapinda basa mauto Russian muna October 2012. Muna January 2014, rakaitwa anenge 46 zvitundumuseremusere, vanenge 14 vakanga raparurwa mumuedzo.

kuramba miedzo

Pari, hurongwa akatakurwa kunze miedzo 20, 55 chete% vakabudirira. Kushanda chombo chinoita zvokukandwa "Bulava" (nouremu marongerwo) wokutanga raitwa September 23, 2004. Wechipiri, rinogona kunzi yokutanga wechokwadi, yakaitwa September 25, 2005. Zvadaro intercontinental chombo "Bulava" yakabudirira kubudirira chinangwa chacho akariparadza. Wechitatu pakuparurwa kubva anyatsofukidzwa nzvimbo chete yepasi pemvura yenyukireya "Dmitry Donskoy" yakaitwa muna October 2005. Target pamusoro Kura yokuedzwa siyana pamusoro Kamchatka Peninsula, vakabudirira akarova. More zvinotevera nemiedzo kunge sabatsira. The Injini akaramba wokupedzisira mvura chitundumuseremusere rwakazara, izvozvo vakatsauka kubva kosi akawira, chete banal kuzvidzora destructed. Chete akanaka ndechokuti zvakakodzera ndezvipi uye dzakachinjwa zvimwe zvinoriumba kwakaitwa mukufamba miedzo kubudirira. Somugumisiro, 9 okupedzisira 10 nemiedzo vakabudirira, uye somugumisiro yakanaka chaizvo. Zvino ngatitarise mumwe dzinonakidza nguva.

The chombo "Bulava": Features

kunzwisisa ichi Anozvirumbidza zvinotevera zviri:

• Nharaunda - 8000 makiromita.
• Weight (Starter) - matani 36,8.
• Kanda (resettable) uremu - 1150 Madzimabo.
• Length / ari dhayamita of kanda kanisita - 12.1 / 2.1 metres.
• The dhayamita wokutanga Danho - 2.0 metres.

The chombo "Bulava", hunhu dzamuchangobva akadzidza, ane muzvikamu zvitatu. Two hwakasimba-kuumbwa pakutanga, uye rokupedzisira - mvura. wokutanga Danho injini uremu anenge 18.5 matani ane kureba 3.6 metres. At padariro wechipiri Data vasina zvakazarurirwa zvevakomana. Pamberi pakutanga 2014 hazvina kuzivikanwa sei kuita Danho rechitatu. Nhasi, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti mvura. Izvi zvinokosha kuti nechokwadi kunonyanyisa achifambisa zvinhu okupedzisira nzendo kutiza. Izvi chombo chacho sezvamunoita anogona kutakura anenge 10 zvenyukireya zviumbu, mumwe nomumwe iri controllable. Zviri anenge ose data, izvo anozivikanwa zvevakomana.

Recent zvachinja kunzwisisa

It chakazivikanwa kuti vari kunzwisisa richava rinokosha gadziriro akurire chombo azvidzivirire. Asi zvingava kuti hurongwa hakusati akatsanangura. Zvichida zvichava atambudzwe wenhema, kana unhani chaiyo inoita chikwata usingaonekwi radar. Ichi pamusoro-muchivande mashoko chisingazobudiswi pachena. Oga, ane mashoko mashoma anofanira kunzi chombo chinoita zvokukandwa "Bulava", hunhu zvatakandorwira kare kukurukurwa, rave yakati modernized mumakore mashoma apfuura okukura. Kunyanya, musimboti akachinja ruminant zvenyukireya dzakabatana. Kana yapfuura chitundumuseremusere goho dzaishandiswa pamusoro kubaya, ipapo Reset (vakapararira) pavo, zvino kushandisa nheyo "boka mazambiringa", kana "bhazi chikoro" - US mazwi. Sezvo "Topol-M" uye "Bulava" abuda chete hwaro (Moscow Institute of Thermal Technology), uye kururama wokutanga zvakaoma chaizvo guru, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kukuru mukuru kunyatsoshanda pakati intercontinental ballistic chombo "Bulava". Asi, sezvo pane shanduro dzakasiyana - "Bulava-30", "Bulava-M", zvakaoma kutaura pamusoro yakarurama nezvimwewo zvinoitwa chete kunzwisisa.

Mwero "Bulava" chombo

Ballistic chombo anenge ose nguva yake ndege ndiyo unmanageable. Onboard Electronics rine purogiramu anosarudza kumhanya uye trajectory ari kutiza iri achiri kushingaira chokutambudzika. Mushure injini iri adzima, chombo chinoita zvokukandwa inofamba ari ballistic trajectory uye hainei kubva kunze. Tinogona kutaura kuti kumhanya ari ballistic chombo svikiro uye pfupi siyana zvachose zvakafanana. Asi sezvo tiri nevanhu intercontinental ballistic chombo, muchiitiko ichi, mwero iri zvishoma yepamusoro uye anenge 5-6 makiromita paawa. Rakarurama Data hazvigoni zita nokuti havasi kuzivikanwa zvevakomana. Zvisinei, tinogona kutaura kuti panguva muchiedza zvakanzi kuzivikanwa kuti chitundumuseremusere maminitsi 14 nendege 5500 makiromita. Kubva ichi tinogona kugadzira mhedziso nyore kuti chombo wechipiri nhunzi anenge 6-7 makiromita. Tinogona kutaura kuti kumhanya kuti chombo "Bulava" zvikuru rakanaka, zvisinei, maererano mishumo zhinji, kuti US zvivako yakadaro zvishoma nokukurumidza.

zvishoma kutsoropodzwa

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, nokuda yakaderera chikamu vakabudirira miedzo ane ballistic chombo "Bulava" akatambura zvakawanda kutsoropodzwa, kwete chete kubva mumhuri nyanzvi. Saka, vokuAmerica vanoti kunzwisisa iyi inenge zana muzana akafanana ane chitundumuseremusere "Poseidon-C3". Zvisinei, yokupedzisira akanga wakasuduruka basa sechinhu yechinyakare. Asi nokuti kuti ane mbiri chete hwakasimba-mafuta enyika, uye kufadza siyana ndiyo chete zvishanu uye chiuru hafu makiromita. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoti kuti kuzvitsinhanisa emura gungwa anotsanangura zvombo kuti dzomuzana akadai "Bulava" chete kuderedza mukana chokuti pasava nehondo yenyukireya. Asi, maererano Soromoni (Mugadziri Chief), achidzikisa payload nokuda chichiwedzera kupona zvombo.

Vamwe kupima miedzo

Nyanzvi dzakawanda kazhinji vakatsoropodza zvakaoma. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira ndechokuti kushanda "Bulava" chombo 45% nyaya yakanga kubudirira. Kunyange zvazvo zviri zvikuru mashoko pamakakatanwa, sezvo nemiedzo inoverengeka zvave zvishoma kubudirira, kunyange aiva Kutsauka. Uyezve, vanenge 90% kubva kundikana chinonyengera zvaigadzirwa zvakawanda kushingaira kukura. Asi kana chombo yakazokudziridzwa, kuti 10 kunotangira mumwe chete akaratidza kuti kwakundikana. Izvi inofananidza anoratidza hazviwanzodaro - kuti ballistic chombo "Bulava" zvikuru chakavimbika, saka kutaura. Yuri Solomonov akaita nezvebasa guru nhamba yezvikanganiso panguva yokuedzwa. Akati kuti hazvibviri kufembera. Chokwadi chokuti pezvakaitwa zvose inoenda kurambwa, zvakaitika mahwanda wechipiri. Uye kujekesa wavo hunhu with iye aiitisa hwakawanda nemiedzo zvinodhura, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira zvakanaka muitiro.

A zvishoma pamusoro zvinhu zvakaoma

Sezvatotaurwa zvishoma yepamusoro intercontinental ballistic chombo "Bulava" rakasiyana nemamwe wayo azvo. Izvi anonyanya nokuti kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu ose muhondo zvombo vanogona withstanding moto Laser pfuti. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti yakatenuka pakutanga kunoita kuti vatange "achibhururuka", kureva apo nokutyaira yepasi pemvura yenyukireya. Izvi zvichawedzera mukana wokushandiswa pamusoro zvakaoma rose. Sezvineiwo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pashure dzakatevedzana nemiedzo kundikana Solomon basa sezvo vakawanda Kumutungamiriri with, asi panguva iyoyo akanga mukuru Mugadziri zvakaoma. Zvino ngatimbotaura kuti, pane anoramba intercontinental ballistic chombo "Bulava" ichashandiswa

pokugara kunzwisisa

Sezvo izvi akasikwa ari chitundumuseremusere chikepe chombo yakaoma, zvine musoro kufunga kuti chikuru nzvimbo pekugara - zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura. Strategic yepasi pemvura sevatsvaki vemapuranga akavandudzika "Shark" chirongwa Somuenzaniso, "Dmitry Donskoy" uye "Arkhangelsk", atova kuva zvombo zvavo kunzwisisa ichi. Sezvineiwo, munyaya ino, kune mifananidzo, apo zvakaoma ichatanga kubva Premier League panguva anotarira akanaka chaizvo, "Bulava" (mufananidzo). The chombo chiri yakaiswa pamusoro vanovengwa "rechiram". Pakati pavo, "Yury Dolgoruky", "Alexander Nevsky" uye vamwe. Pakazopera 2020 zvinonzi aronga kuvaka pamusoro 8 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, 3 zvacho racho "Shark" uye 5 - nokuti "rechiram". On neimwe eyeliner ndiyo 16 chombo "Bulava".

mhedziso

Saka isu akaongorora nemi kiyi zvaiva "Bulava" kunzwisisa (mufananidzo), chombo chinoita zvokukandwa sezvaungaona, inoratidza zvinoorora zvikuru, uye kuongorora kuchangobva kunoratidza yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda kwayo. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko akanaka zita zviri zvakaoma. Asi pano kusimbisa vachikwanisa yeRussian yepasi pemvura zvaanokwanisa. Uyewo, akaderedza vanokwanisa pakati zvakaoma nokuda vawedzere kururama. Vatsoropodzi vakawanda havana kufunga kutsungirira pamusoro chitundumuseremusere tichienzanisa analogues. Kupikiswa kukuvadza zvinhu vairidza vanenge rinokosha panguva mufambiro rehondo.