Proxima Centauri. Red dwarfs. The hurongwa Alpha Centauri

Proxima Centauri - ndiro nyeredzi iri pedyo Earth. The zita iye akagamuchira kubva rechiLatin rokuti proxima, rinoreva "pakarepo". daro rayo zuva 4.22 chiedza makore. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti renyeredzi pedyo nesu kupfuura zuva, zvinogona chete kuonekwa kuburikidza teresikopu. Iduku zvokuti ivepo yakanga isingazivikanwi kusvikira 1915. piyona Star aiva Robert Innes, imwe nyanzvi wokuScotland.

Nyeredzi Hurongwa, Alpha Centauri

Proxima chikamu Arifa Centauri hurongwa. Kuwedzera paro, inosanganisirawo dzimwe nyeredzi maviri: Alpha Centauri A uye Alpha Centauri B. Ndivo chichiwedzera zvikuru uye kuoneka Proxima. Saka, nenyeredzi A, chakajeka chiri renyeredzi, riri chinhambwe 4.33 chiedza-makore kubva zuva. Inonzi Rigel Centaurus, iro anoshandura se "Foot of Centaur." nyeredzi Izvi fananei zuva redu. Zvichida nokuti kubwinya kwayo. Kusiyana kuna Proxima Centauri, yave ichizivikanwa kubva kare chinooneka chaizvo mudenga usiku.

Alpha Centauri B zvakare haana muduku "hanzvadzi" kwahwo. Pamwe chete ivo - kuvhara binary hurongwa. Proxima Centauri Zvakwana kure navo. Between nyeredzi - chinhambwe nenhatu zviuru muchadenga dzakabatana (iri kure kupfuura kubva Sun kusvika puraneti Neptune mune vakawanda mana nguva!).

All Centauri nyeredzi hurongwa orbiting akapoteredza ravaigona muzinda vakawanda. Proxima chete chinoita zvishoma nezvishoma panguva kurapwa wake anotora mamiriyoni emakore. Naizvozvo, nyeredzi ichava nguva refu zvikuru kuti pedyo Earth.

vashomashoma

Nyeredzi Proxima Centauri harisi chete dzepedyo emapoka enyeredzi kwatiri, asi hunotova zviduku. uremu Its chidukuduku kuti kwangopera zvakakwana kutsigira dzinotsanagura paumbwe nehelium kubva rehydrogen zvakakodzera kuti kuvapo. Star chiedza madzedzerere chaizvo. Proxima nyore zvikuru zuva kumwe kanomwe. Uye kwayo pamusoro tembiricha iri yakaderera zvikuru, "chete" madhigirii zviuru zvitatu. Nokupenya Proxima anopa Sun kane zana namakumi mashanu.

tsvuku dwarfs

Little nyeredzi Proxima rinoreva spectral kirasi M ane muzasizasi luminosity. Kuzivikanwa aizivikanwawo mitumbi yokudenga mukirasi iyi - red dwarfs. Stars aine gobvu diki - vanonakidza kupfuura zvinhu. womukati Chimiro ravo fananei sechivako nyika hombe akadai Jupiter. The fuma Red dwarfs iri zvekumwe mamiriro. Uyezve, pane mazano kuti nyika, izvo dziri pedyo nyeredzi idzi, zvingava zvakakodzera kuti upenyu.

Red dwarfs kurarama kwenguva yakareba chaizvo, yakareba kupfuura chero nyeredzi. Vanononoka zvikuru ichishanduka. Chero Maitiro kwenyukireya mukati kwavari atange iyerere chete mashomanana emakore pashure pokuberekwa. Oupenyu dzvuku pfupi kupfuura kuvapo zvose zvakasikwa! Saka, munguva yemberi-kure kure, kana uchisunungurwa hapana nyeredzi chete sezuva, dzvuku zvipfupi Proxima Centauri zviri patainzwa vachapenya murima nzvimbo.

Kazhinji, tsvuku dwarfs - ndivo rakajairika nyeredzi redu renyeredzi. Over 80% kubva akatisiyira zvose kwemiviri hweGwara Way kumusoro navo. Uye pano ndicho gangaidzo: vanotoda asingaoneki! Akashama ziso angarega kuona mumwe wavo.

chipimo

Kusvikira zvino, kukwanisa zvakarurama kuyera kukura izvi nyeredzi diki kufanana tsvuku dwarfs nyore zvakanga zvisingaiti nemhaka yavo shoma luminosity. Asi nhasi dambudziko iri kugadziriswa nokushandisa unokosha VLT-interferometer (VLT - chidimbu kuti Telescope Very Large). mudziyo ichi, kushanda maererano mbiri huru 8.2-mita materesikopu of VLT, riri Paranal Astronomical Observatory (ESO). Ava vaviri teresikopu huru, kure mumwe pa 102,4 metres, uyere mitumbi yokudenga pamwe zvakarurama zvakadaro, izvo havangagoni kuuya dzimwe mano. Sezvo Geneva Observatory, nyanzvi kokutanga akanzwisisa chaiwo kukura nenyeredzi duku.

unochinja Centauri

Nokuti kwayo saizi Proxima Centauri muganhu pakati nyeredzi chaidzo, mapuraneti uye mashava zvipfupi. Kunyange zvakadaro, rinongova nyeredzi. Mukanyiwa uye dhayamita yaro vanoumba wechinomwe uremu, uye dhayamita kwezuva azvaitwa. Star zvakawanda wandisa kupfuura puraneti Jupiter, kane zana namakumi mashanu, asi anoyera rimwe nehafu nguva shoma. Kana Proxima Centauri kwaiyerwa kunyange zvishoma, izvozvo zvingadai Aisagona kuva nyeredzi: zvaisazova rehydrogen zvakakwana kwaro mukati, kuti emit chiedza. Muchiitiko chino, hwaizova zvisingatomboiti shava pfupi (t. E. The akafa), uye kwete nyeredzi chaiyo.

Proxima pacharo - kudzima chaizvo zvomuchadenga muviri. Kazhinji kwayo luminosity rinosvika hapana kupfuura 11m. Bright iye ironed chete nemifananidzo akatorwa rakakura materesikopu, akadai Somuenzaniso, "Hubble". Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva, nyeredzi chipenye zvakasimba uye yekudyidzana kunowedzera. Vasayendisiti tsanangura ichi chokuti Proxima Centauri ndorwevaya boka inonzi kugadzikana, kana kugabhuka nyeredzi. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa kwehasha chisimba pamusoro pemvura kuti mugumisiro kugadzikana convection pezvakaitwa. Vanofanira fananei avo kuti kuitika pamusoro pemvura zuva, chete zvikuru simba, iyo kunyange kunotungamirira kune nokuchinja nokupenya nyeredzi.

Achiri chete mbudzana

chisimba izvi pezvakaitwa uye hadzitani zvinoratidza kuti zvenyukireya siyana kuitika yakadzika Proxima Centauri, haisati yadzika. Zvakawanikwa masayendisiti: zviri achiri nyeredzi zvikuru vaduku maererano nezvinodiwa pezvakasikwa. Kunyange zvazvo zera rake akafanana nemakore zuva redu. Zvisinei, Proxima - dzvuku pfupi, saka havagoni kunyange kuenzaniswa. Kutaura zvazviri, kufanana nedzimwe "hama matsvuku", zvichaita saka kuva chaizvo kunonoka uye mari kupisa mafuta zvenyukireya uye, kuvhenekera refu chaizvo nguva - vanenge mazana katatu kunopfuura wezvose zvakasikwa! Chii chaizvo pane kutaura zuva ...

Vanyori vakawanda ingano vanodavira kuti Proxima Centauri - zvikuru akakodzera muchadenga ubanguranyika uye ushingi nyeredzi. Vamwe vanodavira kuti anovanda zvakasikwa zviri panyika, apo unogona kusangana nevamwe dzomunyika. Pamwe ndizvo, asi kuti ndicho chete kure Nyika Proxima Centauri - anopfuura mana chiedza-makore. Saka kunyange zvazvo iye uye pedyo, asi achiri kure.