Sea Azov: Matambudziko uye dzinonakidza chokwadi. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo kweGungwa Azov yaro egungwa

Gungwa Azov ibhuku rakasiyana dzezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Mumwe munhu anonzwisisa kukosha kwokuramba yakachena seinokonzera kwete chete nezvinhu asiwo upfumi pakunamata. Izvi kamwe-inoshamisa dzinongoitika nzvimbo vanoda kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya.

Gungwa Azov, zvinetso iyo - murombo zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro somugumisiro zvoupfumi mabasa mumhenderekedzo yegungwa munyika, ari kuenda kuburikidza dzakaoma. Mumakore gumi adarika yava yekudyidzana ungaderedza uwandu kwezvakatipoteredza mabasa, kuti, pasina kupamhidzira, anoperetera njodzi.

Munguva Soviet nehurumende chinozoiswa pfupi kubudirira wokuti kudzivirirwa hydrosphere. Mumakore 90 zvose Russia neUkraine kunge inini pamwero mukuru zveupfumi uye kuchinja kwezvematongerwe enyika, ayo zvezvakatipoteredza dzakasiyiwa. Zvisinei, izvozvo ungaderedza uye mutoro uri mararamiro nokuda zvoupfumi kudzikira.

Pangosvika kunyika munzvimbo akabata kukura, zvakaomarara kukanganisa zvakatipoteredza kwakawedzera. Pakazosvika 2008, maindasitiri kugadzirwa Russia neUkraine kunge vakapfuura pamwero zvaiva USSR. Proportionally ikawanda achiswedera mugungwa kubva tsvina tsvina uye imwe tsvina.

Chii yeGungwa Azov

Rinoreva kuti kweGungwa Dema bheseni kubva kumusoro-mabvazuva, unobatanidza pamwe wokupedzisira Kerch Strait. gungwa Izvi kwazvo kudzika munyika. Avhareji udzamu yeGungwa Azov mu "chakakomba" nzvimbo dzakawanda asingadi kupfuudza 13,5 M uye upamhi Strait - 4.2? Km. Kwarozve dziri mu Latitude 45 ° 12'30 "uye 47 ° 17'30", Longitude 33 ° 38 'uye 39 ° 18'. Kazhinji, avhareji kudzika Gungwa Azov anoda kubva 6.8 kusvika 8 mamita. Its chikuru urefu 343 km kufadza rwendo 231? Km pahupamhi. Nzvimbo pegungwa - 37605 km uye nemhenderekedzo ruchatambanudzirwa pamusoro 1472? Km.

Azovskoe gungwa, tembiricha uko pachena kuti makuru nemwaka kuchinja chinomiririra duku muviri mvura. The rokuyamura sandara pamwe yakaderera gungwa Mahombekombe. The nenzvimbo chinzvimbo, Chokwadi, anohupa pachake zvachiri. Zvichida kwete vose vanoziva kuti zvikuru Continental munyika - ndiye Gungwa Azov. tembiricha zvaro muzhizha +24 ... +26 ° C. In yechando, yaita chando pamusoro rose kana kuti chikamu charo, muchirimo aizi hwabviswa kuburikidza panjodzi muGungwa Dema.

The salinity kweGungwa Azov yakaderera zvakakwana. Paavhareji, katatu muduku pane chakaipa salinity mugungwa mvura. ukoshi Izvi anenge 1 ppm kuna Don confluence nharaunda uye kunowedzera kusvika 10.5 ppm pedyo nechepakati mugove. Muna Kerch Strait salinity Gungwa Azov zvasvika vaifanira - 11.5 ppm.

Tinozivei pamusoro vaigaramo? Azov gungwa zvoutachiona zvinhu zvakanga pakutanga chaizvo guru, yava 103 mhando hove. Plankton biomass rinosvika 200 g pa Square saizi. m.

zvinetso zvemhoteredzo kweGungwa Azov

Huru rwokugadzira isakarurama kuita zvinhu vari kudonha kubva nzizi untreated tsvina ine tsvina. Vaimbove mutungamiri munyika Fisheries, gungwa akarasika muna nechinguvana zvose kukosha kwayo. Zvino zviri phenols vakapfuura MPC 7 nguva, thiocyanates - 12,6.

Vanonyanya kupa zvomumvura kusvibiswa - zviteshi uye makambani maindasitiri Mariupol. Metallurgical Combine "Azovstal" pagore inongorira mvura yaro vanopfuura mamiriyoni 800 cubic metres kubva wastewater.

Ivo kwakaratidza nekumwisa MPC pamusoro senitrogen, simbi, mhangura, zingi, uye mafuta zvigadzirwa. Chimwe chikuru polluter - zvokutengeserana chengarava Mariupol. kurapwa ake chirimwa zvachose basa - mumvura zviratidzi kusvibiswa iri kupfuura kumwe.

Chii anonetseka dzezvakatipoteredza

Mazvikokota hanya kukura sarufa mavhoriyamu, iyo overloading chiri kuitwa zvengarava rweUkraine, uyewo Kuipa akavaka hafu yezana remakore adarika, mvura yaunodya hurongwa, kushaya mumisha yakawanda uye maguta tsvina kurapwa mugadziriro, nekuti zviri zvakananga mugungwa mvura anowana tsvina. Maererano nenhamba, bhuku negore pauri tsvina muGungwa Azov kusvika bhiriyoni 5 cubic metres.

mafuta Marine kusvibiswa nokuda kutumirwa uye chengarava mabasa atora nemafashamo.

wevasungwa avo muGungwa Azov nzvimbo kwazvo zvose kumboadya nemiganhu. Tupukanana kugutsikana rinosvika 40 MG / l. Nokuda ikateuka mafuta ari inonyadzisa okisijeni Exchange, hwemvura zvinenge zviri muchetura mishonga yezvipembenene. Zviri wokufa guru hove. Water kuchengeteka mapazi unotora boka guru maindasitiri uye mudzimba namatongo.

ngozi hove

Zvimwe zvinetso zvemhoteredzo Gungwa Azov pamwe nevagari vayo. Bottom trawling yagara pamutemo kurambidzwa, asi, zvakadaro, rinoshandiswa zvinenge kose. Somugumisiro pasi-dzamunogara vanoparadzwa hove dzinogarisana, dzemugungwa vanofa-Sefa vanongodya - hove zvokudya. The achifumira murk anoverengeka makiromita akazoita pachena kwemvura.

Chete chikamu mudziyo hove mvumo kushanda pamwe okurambidzwa seine hove. Asi chokwadi bhuku dehwe rayo. Uyewo aiwanzoshandisa pachinzvimbo utava trawls, zvichiguma vakaparadzwa kwete bedzi mumatanda hove, asi nzvimbo yacho zviri kukonzera uye dzichifura. Poaching zvakakonzera vasanyanye 5 nguva kugadzirwa mumakore achangodarika.

dzimwe nguva

Chiizve chichikusvota zvipenyu? A mibvunzo yakawanda, uye mazita avo ari kure aneta. Ndiwo kuvakwa reservoirs pamusoro Don uye Kuban (huru nzizi Gungwa Azov), zvishoma nezvishoma ichichinja hofori landfill. Uye clogging makemikari yakapoteredza ivhu somugumisiro pakatanga unodiridzwa kurima kubva vanodyara mupunga. Uye inondimukira kuerera kwemishonga yezvipembenene.

Uyewo, inokanganisa dambudziko Sea Azov pamusoro ndichibvunza kuvakwa pamahombekombe akagadzirwa vadzimu uye plesieroorde, iro rinoitwa pasina kuchengetwa chero utano uye zvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa. Izvi zvakashatirisa dzinongoitika ehurumende mahombekombe uye kunoderedza zvavanokwanisa.

Zviri zvakare dambudziko chakakomba - nokurasa, kureva kwetsvina ngarava uye ndege pagungwa kana kuparadzwa kwavo akaronga ... Saka pane swa nemekiyuri uye vatungamirire yomugungwa, iyo zvinoodza kuunganidza wayo repamusoro akaturikidzana.

Azov Sea - Matambudziko uye Solutions

The chete nzira yokugadzirisa chimbi matambudziko masayendisiti zvezvakatipoteredza vanotenda zvikuru shanduko kukoshesa nokuda nharaunda. Zvinofanira kuva kurerutsa kugadzirwa uye yezwi Fisheries uye nhandaro. The chiteshi uye yokufambisa kwezvivako kunoda muchinyatsongwarira kudzora chengarava uye kutumira, kuderera azvibatsire ngozi uye ngozi zvinhu, mazuvaano vane tsvina kurapwa zvinomera uye kuvakwa vatsva.

Anogona kubatsira kuderedza kugadzirwa mvura kuparadzwa, kuwedzera Zvirango nokuti kunze komutemo kusunungurwa effluents.

In kumahombekombe nharaunda inoda amboshandurirwa misimboti zvokurima, kusiyiwa zvirimwa kuti akura nokushandiswa ngozi mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene uye fetiraiza, kudzorerwa zviri kukonzera hove dzavo kutama pakutengeserana.

Matanho inodiwa sungisa mitemo panyaya kudzivirirwa romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi uye dzose richiona pamusoro zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro romumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye zvomumvura kwezvakatipoteredza, categorically panorambidza nokurasa pagungwa tsvina mvura untreated uye abudise mvura.

nhasi chii pane nzira aichenese?

Mumuviri makemikari nzira

Zvokuimba kuchenesa rinoshandiswa kana uchida kubvisa insoluble nezvishoma. Izvi zvinoitwa kutamburira, filtration, sedimentation uye kubviswa slurry nezvimedu uye kuruka Centrifugal simba.

Chemical nzira inoshandiswa kurambidza mvura-soluble zvinhu. Reagents kushandiswa chinangwa ichi, nokuderedza toxicity kana solubility kuti utachiona. Chemical Nzira: The oxidation uye zvinoderedza, neutralization, kubviswa simbi ions.

Physico-makemikari nzira, kureva. E. Combined nzira zvigoneke kubvisa nouipi muchimiro emulsions uye suspensions, zvinhu zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura (zvose Organic uye inorganic). Mazita huru nzira: coagulation, Ion Exchange, deodorization, adsorption, degassing, flotation, ultrafiltration, uye vamwe.

The nzira chafariz rinoshandiswa kana kunodiwa kubvisa wastewater Organic zvinhu uye chicherwa munyu. Izvi zvinoitika nokuisa pfungwa yacho effluent uye nevamwe vavo kubva sludge oxidation pane makemikari zvinhu achishandisa pressurized catalysts uye neutralization moto.

Nemakemikari zvinoreva uye nzira

Nzira dzakadaro kutsivana rokuchenesa mvura neevakawanda mariri ichiputswa Organic uye pamwe inorganic okunze. Izvi inovakwa pakugona vamwe zvinomera uye zvigare kushandisa zvinokuvadza sezvokudya.

Kwakadaro yokunatswa muitiro une muzvikamu zviviri, kuerera mwero iri zvakasiyana:

1. Adsorption pamusoro ichiputswa tsvina uye zvigare zvakanaka.

2. Kuparadzwa zvinokuvadza intracellularly achishandisa makemikari kwacho.

Nokuti kusvika non-oxidizing inorganic zvinhu akaratidza kunonyanyisa yevasungwa.

Kupi uye sei zvipenyu kurapwa kunoitika?

Nzira yakadaro zvinogoneka mu hazvizivi dzinongoitika ezvinhu. Ekupedzisira inosanganisira kudiridza munda, utachiona madziva, filtration, uye zvichingodaro. D.

kudiridza munda - chaiyo pakakwirira, tichibatanidza kurima anobatsira zvirimwa pamwe wastewater kurapwa. Kana pasina akura, ndiwo munda filtration. Ivhu nzira dzakakurumbira chaizvo senzira kutanha kugadzirwa intensification.

Biological madziva mukwanisi zvakaoma kurapwa zvivako. kudzika mvura miviri iyi, wakaputsika muzvikamu. Vanoshanda chete muzhizha.

The mhedziso - kuitira kudzivisa munhu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza dambudziko, zvinoda zvakajeka hurumende mutemo kuti adzivirire zvomumvura mararamiro. Kana iwe musatanga ikozvino kuponesa kuGungwa Azov, dambudziko ave kusingarapiki.