Interesting zvinhu zviri maitiro kuti boka remhuka zvipuka zvine masero akawanda, izvo nhengo mhando Cnidarians, kana Cnidaria. Cnidarians vane nyore marongerwo asi nhaka munyama aya, intestinal mhango. Mumwe kurongwa boka mazita - coelenterates. Basa rinokosha muviri kuita masero anopedza (knidotsity, nematotsity). Vanoshumira kurwisa chayabata uye tidzivirire nevavengi.
Chii zvinenge kunge knidotsitami?
Cnidarians - Marine uye Freshwater mhuka kurarama dzinenge latitudes zvose. Radially zvakafanana, ichibata cnidarians muviri une rimwe maviri mhando muviri - polypoid kana Medusoid. Vamiririri wokutanga mhando yakasiyana chitarisiko, dzimwe vachava semiti. In muramba tentacles uye kunanzvana mhango pasi. Kazhinji, coelenterates izvi kuyangarara pachena, asi maviri siyana humwewo muviri kumarudzi akasiyana. masero anopedza vane zvinenge zvose cnidarians, vari iri tentacles. Freshwater cnidarian zvishoma pane gungwa. Pane pakati izvi oga uye ichitongwa zvinenge.
Cnidarians mhando zvinosanganisira zvinotevera makirasi mhuka:
- hydroid (Hydrozoa);
- scyphoids (Scyphozoa);
- korari (Anthozoa);
- muramba (Cubozoa);
- Polypodium Hydriforme (Polypodiozoa).
Sei anopedza masero?
Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki rokuti «cnidos» rinoreva "yorukato", riri chokuita nokuvapo kuruvazhe butiro mhuka capsules akazadzwa muchetura chakavanzika. Kazhinji, asi anopedza masero ari tentacles ose cnidarians pfungwa uye Vaine tisanzwe cilium. Inside knidotsita duku homwe uye akakungurutsira duku chubhu - anopedza shinda. Zvinoita sezvinoita coiled they chitubu ine matare anopinza. Basa rinokosha activation masero ndohwavo unopfuta calcium ions, wevasungwa kuchinja uye mvura vachimanikidzwa mukati Kamudzira. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti cnidarians kuteerera zvose zviwane, kuti arege kutambisa masero anopedza. On muviri mhuka rine tsinga harinzwi kana receptors kuti zvinobatsira kuona kuchinja zvakatipoteredza.
Chii mashandiro masero anopedza?
Small kuonana muvengi kana kugadzirwa, kuchinja mvura nevezera kubva zvinofamba chinhu kungaita kuti kweiyi tisanzwe bvudzi. Knidotsity achigonawo sei puroteni zvinhu. Ndizvo zvinoitika kana vachibatwa masero anopedza:
- Open chivharo pamusoro, rakatarira zvakatipoteredza.
- Anopedza shinda riri anombotwasanudza uye unopinza yakatesvera panyanga dzacho nechepasi iri rakabayirwa muviri rechipfuwo.
- Cnidocyte dzinokanganisa kana glued kuti kugadzirwa.
- Secreted uturu kunokonzera rutivi rwomuviri kana kupisa.
- Achiita dzayo basa, knidotsity vakauraya uye kutsiviwa pashure pemaawa 48 nekukudziridza vatsva.
Nokuda mukuru wevasungwa uye kwakarongeka chiito knidotsitov pamusoro tentacles, coelenterates mhuka urove chikara kana zvinogona zvakatapwa. Neurotoxins mukati capsules anopedza masero remadza chayabata uye kukonzera Uchipisa diki kubva huru zvinenge.
Cnidarians aivhima mhuka?
Panguva kuedza yakasimbiswa kuti ejects cnidocyte "anopinza" muchetura uye mukati 3 milliseconds mushure kuonana nevamwe mhuka. Mheni Sero mhinduro asina analogues musango. nokukurumidza yake uye simba izvo shinda asunungurwa anopedza zvakakwana zvinopfuura zvakaoma goko vamwe crustaceans! Major vamiririri coelenterates kuzorwisa hove uye munamati magakanje. Asi nokuda cnidarians vakawanda zvokudya panobva vari zvinenge diki akafanana plankton uye benthos. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti coelenterates zhinji hamundiponesi pazvikara, kunyange anopedza masero. Yakadaro chombo anotyisa ari tentacles, vachiri uve chinhu pakuvhima dzimwe mhuka.
How kudya "maruva" hwemhuka nyika?
Korari vanoumba nyuchi mumakungwa uye nyanza. Anemones kana gungwa anemones kurarama kuroorwa, sole achabatanidza kune matombo, anoshongwa, matombo uye kumboongororwa. Tentacles uye nemuromo polyps, izvo nhengo yekirasi Anthozoa, kazhinji pana kumusoro, pasi chikamu wanamatira kuti substrate. Anemone muromo wakakomberedzwa tentacles, zviri knidotsity. Basa anopedza masero gungwa anemon chiri kurwisa mugodhi uye yokuzvidzivirira pavavengi. Anemones kunogona kutadzisa uye entangle nokupisa zviduku mhuka shinda. Vamwe cnidarians akatambanudza tentacles, iyo inodiwa kuti ndakagara mararamiro.
Dambudziko okuwana zvokudya uyewo anogadziriswa kutsanya chaizvo zviito neurotoxins anopedza masero. Pamusoro vachionana, vanogona kuvakanganise zvakatapwa uye kuti vadzivise kurwisa nezvikara.
Where mhenyu mhuka hydroid?
Hydrozoa Vamiririri kirasi zvinowanikwa mumvura yakachena, mvura Antarctica, yakadzika yomugungwa nembiya. NdezvaJehovha boka iri hydra limnomedusae, siphonophores, mamwe subclasses uye mapoka. Vazhinji vavo - zvikara kuti kuvhima kushandisa knidotsitov. anopedza masero Cnidarian kungova hydroids dzinokosha kusiyana kukura uye simba muchetura. Pane kupatsanurwa mitambo pakati mapoka zvipenyu zviri mapoka polyps: mumwe zvokudya, mumwe Kudzivirira, vamwe vari kushandiswa maberekero. Vamwe muramba kuwana zvokudya zvavo, kukukurwa mune mvura yakatarwa feelers, izvo anowana plankton, apo vamwe nokushingaira kushambira dzichitsvaka zvokudya. coelenterates Pane vanogona zvakananga kunovhima chayabata, izvo rakada chiratidzo receptors pamusoro pechiso muviri.
Ita knidotsity stsifo- uye muramba vari ngozi?
Kukura mhuka kuva boka Scyphozoa siyana kubva 12 mm kusvika 2,4 M dhayamita. Kunyange guru siyana hapana marangwanda, musoro, kufema dzomuviri. A chaiwo mumiririri boka iri - translucent Aurelia fork - shoma chepfu pane dzimwe muramba. The vakuru Tidzidze plankton vanoomerera tentacles. Stsifomeduzy vane knidotsitov zhinji uye receptors dzakapoteredza nemuromo uye tentacles. chinangwa chavo chikuru - kuziva uye remadza nezvavakatapa.
Zvinouraya mhuka duku vari masero anopedza hofori cyano (Cyanea arctica). Uye kana kubatana kwevanhu knidotsity chikonzero kutsva kunosiyana nekuomarara. Kakawanda pane mapundu uye akatsvuka pakuona muchetura kuti vapinde ganda. Muramba - vagari inodziya mvura mumakungwa uye makungwa - vanokwanisa kufamba nokukurumidza. Vamwe vavo vane ngozi kuvanhu: kutsva vakagamuchira somugumisiro ichi "kutaurirana", kunogona kutungamirira kurufu.
Coelenterates uye vanhu
Dambudziko yomunhu ukama mhuka, iyo nhengo mhando Cnidarians, zviri siyana kwazvo. siyana akawanda uye mafeni ane pamhenderekedzo zororo nenyanza aiziva anopedza coelenterates ehupfumi. Anopedza Masero runozivisa muramba chaiyangarara mumvura mbiru. Kunyange zvishomanana kuonana vazhinji vavo kungaita kuti chirwere rinoti, kutsva, ganda neshungu. Kuti unakidzwe Diving kana snorkeling, haufaniri chete kutevedza mutemo, iyo inoti sezvinotevera: ". Tarisa asi regai kubata" The yakanakisisa mushonga kutsva tentacles pamusoro muramba anoonekwa kuti mvura inopisa, ipapo kutonhora tsonyera uye negashiro antihistamine zvinodhaka. Chimwe matambudziko nekuita chavagari zvakaoma uye ndiye dzokubudisa coelenterates Coral nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi zvishongo matkamuistoja. Mumakore achangopfuura, masayendisiti anovhundutsa rufu polyps - vavaki nevapfumi uye kunzwisisa pasi pemvura ezvirevo. Unhu dzinogarisana kwete chete nokuda pachavo asiwo vamwe invertebrates uye hove. Coral kumboongororwa ari inodziya mumakungwa uye makungwa munyika vari kuona kukosha ekushandiswa nemamiriro okunze, salinity nezvimwe zvivako emvura.
Muhutongi polyps dzinokura zvishoma nezvishoma, kuwedzera nokuda millimeters mashoma pagore. Pasina nekorari Zvivako zvakaoma kufungidzira pemvura nyika iri saka nokukwezvwa kwayo yakasiyana runako norunako.