Sezvo tsinga anoita kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa? pezvakaitwa vangani nokudzorwa tsinga dzose munhu?

The muviri womunhu rinoumbwa mabhiriyoni masero siyana, achiita yayo chairo. Asi kuti uyu kushanda mumwe muzvizhinji nomunhu dzakabatana uchinyatsobatanidzwa uye akanga asina kuroorwa, zvakanaka-kutoitwa muviri Zvinoda kuramba kutaurirana pakati pavo. Mumuviri womunhu mune mbiri hurongwa kuti vane basa kuchitsinhanisa akadaro: huta uye kwemakemikari anobudiswa. Munyaya ino, tichaongorora kuti tsinga anoita kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa, uye sei vakaita nomumwe. Asi kutanga yeuka kuti ndezvenguva hurongwa sei kuita uye.

kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa

Chimwe chedzidziso pamutemo hurongwa womunhu muviri - the kwemakemikari anobudiswa, kuita mabasa avo dzakananga makemikari - mahormone zvinoberekwa mumasero anokosha uye masero kushandiswa. Makemikari secreted munzvimbo extracellular nzvimbo kupinda ropa, uye narwo kuendeswa kune munyama siyana uye mugadziriro muviri.

Sezvo chikamu kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero varipo endogenous uye exogenous secretion, yakadai se:

• pineal (epiphysis) ;
• pituitary (hypophysis);
• thyroid;
• thymus (thymus);
• parathyroid;
• rwatata;
• ari adrenal mumasero;
• gonads;
• ovaries / manhu.

Mashandiro ari kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa

1. tsinga anoita kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa, uye iye anoona mukushanda hurongwa, nhengo uye munyama.

2. dzitarisire kuti nguva dzose pezvakaitwa zvose kuitika mumuviri ari dzichichinja kwokunze ezvinhu.

3. Kushanda pamwe huta uye zvirwere, kuita pamutemo basa nedanho kukura muviri uye nhengo.

4. ane mucherechedzo simba pamusoro kosi mupfungwa uye kushanda kwendangariro, uye somugumisiro, maitiro omunhu.

5. paChikoro murau dzokubereka nadzo inoshanda uye inoita kuti zvepabonde Kusiyanisa.

tsinga

Uyu kunzwisisa anatomical zvivako, kuburikidza iro munhu anokwanisa ajairane ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana rokuchinja kwenyika. Ndicho tsinga (NS) anopindura nokukurumidza kuti chero kuchinja ndichivatuma zviratidzo zvemagetsi, vanogadzirisa kushanda dzomunyika hurongwa uye siyana dzomuviri. Sezvo tsinga anoita kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa, vanoshanda pamwe chete kuti vabatsire kuchengetedza kuchinja dzomunyika kwezvakatipoteredza (homeostasis).

zvinhu mabasa

1. Human NA anogamuchira ruzivo pamusoro nezvakatipoteredza chokwadi uye kunze nyika, uyewo mamiriro zvose hurongwa uye nhengo dzomuviri.

2. Anotuma vaigamuchira mashoko pamusoro chinzvimbo uye kushanda muviri kuuropi.

3. Coordinates uye inodzora vanoziva (zvemasanga) panyama kufamba.

4. Anotsigira Kufambisa hurongwa kuita involuntary muviri mabasa akadai kwemwoyo, muviri tembiricha, afemeruke uye BP.

Chii sechivako tsinga?

Sechivako ino dzinosanganisira:

- ganglia uye plexus;

- tsinga;

- musana;

- uropi.

NA yakakamurwa panguva nechepakati uye peripheral nhengo. Central National Assembly inoumbwa uropi uye musana, uyewo avo kufukidza anoshongwa. Kupfuura majoko 30 musana uye cranial tsinga pakukoka kubva musana uye uropi, mapazi uropi muri pamwe peripheral tsinga. Kupesana akadaro zvemasanga, sezvo mashandiro izvi zvikamu zviviri pamwe chete.

kupatsanura

The huta yevanhu Hurongwa zvinogona Classified:

1. anatomical musimboti:

• centre;
• peripheral.

2. Mabasa:

• autonomic:
• Somatic.

Ngatikurukurei muudzame chii anoita autonomic tsinga uye sei zvinoitika.

Zviri autonomic uye somatic huta nehurongwa

Somugumisiro ari Kushanduka huta dzevanhu hurongwa aifanira rakatsemuka kuva mapoka maviri, chimwe nechimwe anoita basa rwake chairwo chete. Saka, somatic NA ndiye anokonzera maonero mashoko kubva kunze kwenyika, uyewo nokuda basa uye Kufambisa pamusoro kufamba muviri muchadenga. Sezvo chikamu HC yevanhu, autonomic tsinga anoita basa node uye ropa midziyo, uyewo:

- kutandara uye marwadzo ose anotsvedzerera tsandanyama-siyana zvomukati;

- aienda uye wokukudza lumen rimwe arteries ropa uye capillaries;

- kufamba kweropa;

- kukura vadzidzi;

- kugadzirwa hormone kubudikidza kwemakemikari anobudiswa uye exocrine mumasero.

Uyezve, vanhu autonomic NS achiri unobereka zita ane zvionera, kureva yakazvimirira hwokushanda somatic NA, basa omumwe uye pakupindura mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira chokuita skeletal tsandanyama dzemuviri. Human autonomic tsinga anoita vanonzi upenyu vegetative pamusoro Muviri, uye kuburikidza kuzvidzora uye kurapa metabolic pezvakaitwa uye vakuru dyidzana naye kufema, kuparadzirwa, kugaya, dzokubudisa uye kubereka.

Zvinonzi yakakamurwa, maererano nemamiriro mashandiro zvimwe ari dzepanguva chinhu chakakombama, muna metasympathetic, tsitsi uye parasympathetic kupesana. The autonomic tsinga inodzora, kuburikidza dzayo dzakasiyana madhipatimendi yaunodya nezvinovaka muviri, kuwedzera okisijeni nechikoro kuti tsandanyama, kupfupika mweya uye nemamwe mabasa.

Kusiyana somatic, autonomic tsinga anoita basa nhengo uye enyika mu "otomatiki" rudzi, inova kwatangwa hunhu. Zvava kutonetsa kuti vanoziva kuzvidzora, mukusiyana kusvika somatic. Ichi chinhu chakakosha kwazvo nani, haabvumirwi kupindira mune shanduka yakarongwa maitiro zvomukati uye enyika munhu.

somatic NA

Somatic dhipatimendi tsinga anodzora oparesheni pfungwa uye anodzora kushanda skeletal tsandanyama aidzorwa pfungwa dzevanhu. Chete nesimba uye vanoziva chido munhu anogona kumira kana kugara, vanobwembura kana ruramisa ruoko uye mumwe richiripo. Nokuti maitiro chepfungwa mhuka - sangano - dzimwe nguva National Assembly dhipatimendi inonzi mhuka kana mhuka. Managing somatic NA pakati riri muuropi hemispheres pamusoro pechiso, kunobva kuna aibuda mashoko kubva kutsinga dzinouya zvomukati uye kubudiswa inoitika ruzivo pamusoro sei kusangana zvimwe zvinodiwa dzemuviri.

The somatic tsinga inorapa chinja maitiro kuti kunobatsira munhu kuchinja magariro uye zvakasikwa zvakatipoteredza.

Kufanana uye musiyano nehurongwa

Sezvambotaurwa, uye kwemakemikari anobudiswa uye huta hurongwa kushumira kuramba chenguva womukati ezvinhu uye dzinotarisira Organic mabasa. For NA mamirire omumwe kuitika kubva kunze kwenyika uye kukudziridza mhinduro kwavari. The kwemakemikari anobudiswa kwava kukonzera murau muviri, kudzikamisa shanduko wakabva kunze.

Common vose nehurongwa kushandiswa kwemakemikari yomuchipatara wokushandura ruzivo. Electrical nomunhu ari tsinga masero nokuda vadarike neurotransmitters kana samolecular anonongedzera, uye kwemakemikari anobudiswa gadziriro anoshandisa mahormone secreted ne endogenous uye exogenous simbi.

Izvi hurongwa akasiyana pakati pavo uye zvakaitwa zvazvingava, NA zvaanoita nokukurumidza, asi kwemakemikari anobudiswa - zvishoma nezvishoma.

Tandem huta uye kwemakemikari anobudiswa nehurongwa

Kana kudzidza uye zvichiita kupatsanurwa izvi hurongwa, nokuti zvinoitika mudzimu womunhu muviri zvinoda nepavanogona uye chikwata basa ravo. Chokwadi, kwemakemikari anobudiswa uye huta hurongwa vari enderana uye chichinyatsobatanidzwa ishande, vari kugara kusakarongeka mumwe nomumwe.

Panguva zvokutsvakurudza nazvo vakawana kuti makemikari mitemo webasa nhengo yakaitika ipapa pane huta. Asi Kushanduka tsinga aumbwa dzakakwirira pamusoro kwemakemikari anobudiswa Kugamuchira, uye akatanga kupindura zvinonetsa izvi uye wokushandura nemagetsi nomunhu kuti masero zviri pakupindura kweiyi nokusunungurwa kwakadaro vanoshingaira zvinhu zvakadai mahormone. On hwaro ichi, yakanga yakavakwa muenzaniso sei tsinga anoita kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa. Ongororo Recent dzakaratidza kuti musiyano wakajeka pakati kwemakemikari anobudiswa uye kusagadzikana murau hazviiti. Izvi imhaka yokuti, Somuenzaniso, mumwe masero etsinga dziri mune dzimwe nzvimbo uropi, kubereka uye kutumira kupinda muropa mahormone chokuita kushanda kwemakemikari anobudiswa ezvinhu, uyewo basa nevamwe. Saka, nhasi, kodzero yokutaura chimwe yevanhu neuroendocrine hurongwa, iyo inodzora uye anodzora zvose kwemasayendisiti mumuviri.