The anode uye cathode - chii uye sei kuziva?

Pamusoro anode uye cathode simba wedzerai unofanira kuziva avo vari kuita dzinoshanda Electronics. Chii uye sei anonzi? Sei zvakadaro? Vachava zvakadzama pokukurukura wenyaya kubva nemaonero redhiyo kwete chete mudzidzi, asiwo kemisitiri. Chinonyanya dzakakurumbira Tsananguro iri sezvinotevera: anode - yakanaka electrode, uye cathode - kunaka. Haiwa, ichi hachisi chokwadi uye kukwana nguva dzose. Kuti kukwanisa kutsanangura kuti anode uye cathode, zvinokosha kuti yokungotaura hwaro uye muzive kuti ave hungu. Ngationgororei Article ichi.

anode

Achitaura GOST 15596-82, icho mubasa nemakemikari iyezvino zvinyorwa. Tiri kuziva mashoko yakaiswa papeji rechitatu. Maererano GOST, mashoko asina kunaka electrode ari electrochemical sero ndiye anode chaizvo. Ndizvo saka, hungu! Uye nei zvakadaro? Chokwadi ndechokuti kuburikidza nawo remagetsi rinobva kwokunze wedunhu kunobva pachayo. Sezvaunogona kuona, hazvisi nyore zvokuti zvinoita sokuti pakutanga kuaona. Zvingava here kuti kunyatsoongorora mufananidzo dzaitaurwa munyaya, kana zvirimo sokuti zvakaoma - vachabatsira kunzwisisa chii munyori anoda kutaura kwamuri.

cathode

We kugadzirisa zvose zvakafanana GOST 15596-82. The yakanaka electrode pamusoro electrochemical Sero kuti, panguva zvinoyerera kubva iyo haazotaurwizve kupinda remudunhu kwokunze. Sezvaunogona kuona, humboo huri muna IEC 15596-82, vanoona mamiriro ezvinhu kubva akasiyana chinzvimbo. Saka, muna kubvunza nevamwe nezvevamwe hurongwa kungwarira chaizvo.

The panowanikwa mashoko

Ivo akatanga zvakawanda Faraday muna January 1834, kudzivisa kuvhiringidzika uye kuti vabudirire zvikuru kururama. Akapa zvake shanduro, uye kuyeuka muenzaniso zuva. Saka, iye ane anode - iri kuwedzera. Sun chinoita kumusoro (iyezvino anopinda). Cathode - yakaiswa. Zuva rovira (kuitika mu).

MUENZANISO redhiyo sepombi uye diode

Tikaramba kunzwisisa kuti kureva chii rinoshandiswa. Tomboti mumwe simba tine vatengi aya pachena mamiriro (mu live). Saka, kubva kwokunze wedunhu kuburikidza diode kuti anode nhengo iri magetsi iyezvino. Asi regai vavhiringidzike nokuti tsananguro ichi kubva achitungamirirwa Erekitironi. Kuburikidza cathode mune kwokunze wedunhu ari kushandiswa Magetsi maatomu akafanana migumo. A mamiriro ezvinhu kuti kwakasimbiswa nhasi, anoyeuchidza zviitiko apo vanhu kutarisa inverted muenzaniso. Kana mashoko anoreva kuti zvakaoma - yeuka kuti kunzwisisa kwavo seizvi hazvo chete kune mishonga. Zvino ngationei kuita neizvi usanganidzo. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti semiconductor diodes kushanda haangaregi kuitisa ano. The chete zvinoita Kusara pano - the neizvi Kuparara zvinhu. A Vacuum diode (kenotron, redhiyo) kazhinji haana kuitisa neizvi ano. Naizvozvo vaiona (pamadiro) kuti arege kuenda kuburikidza navo. Naizvozvo, wevakadzidza ndezvipi panguva diode anode uye cathode havaiti mabasa avo.

Nei vanhu vasingawirirani pane?

Zvakananga, kuitira kuti kugarwa kudzidza uye kushanda, kwakasarudzwa kuti zita zvinhu diode zviteshi hakuzochinji zvisinei wako nokwauri mhando, uye ivo vachava "dzakabatanidzwa" kune chaiko zvakawanikwa. Asi ichi hairevi mabhatiri. Saka, muna semiconductor diodes zvose kunoenderana mhando conductivity of sekristaro. The Vacuum sepombi kuti mibvunzo anosungirwa kuti electrode kuti inongorira maerekitironi panzvimbo filament urongwa. Chokwadi, pano pane vamwe nuances: somuenzaniso, kuburikidza vakadaro semiconductor mano, sezvinoita suppressor uye zener diode angava zvishoma neizvi kuitika aibuda, asi pano pane chaizvo, zvakajeka chisingakwanisi kutsanangurwa munyaya ino.

Kuongororwa pamwe yemagetsi accumulator

Chokwadi chaiwo muenzaniso makemikari kunobva Magetsi, inova renewable. The bhatiri riri rimwe modes zviviri: mhosva / buditsa. In vaviri Muzviitiko izvi zvichava zvakasiyana kutungamirirwa Magetsi. Asi cherechedza kuti polarity pakati electrodes panguva imwe chete hakuzochinji. Uye vanogona kuita mabasa akasiyana:

1. Panguva uchiraira, zvakanaka electrode anogamuchira Magetsi uye anode, uye ayo akaipa uye zvabudiswa vakadanwa cathode.
2. Pasina sangano pavari kuitisa kukurukura hazvina musoro.
3. Panguva kokuyerera zvakanaka electrode anosunungura magetsi uye cathode, uye akaipa anogamuchira uye anonzi anode.

On Electrochemistry Taura Shoko

It anoshandisa siyanei tsananguro. Saka anode runoonekwa sechinhu electrode apo oxidation pezvakaitwa kuitika. Uye kosi chikoro Yeukai wekemisitiri unogona kupindura zviri kuitika mhiri? The electrode pamusoro iyo kufefemuka urongwa, akadana cathode. Asi hakuna panotaurwa kuti zvemagetsi. Ngatimboonai kukosha oxidation-rutapudzo aite kwatiri:

1. Oxidation. Pane inofanira kudzoka ane Erekitironi PARTICIPLE. Ndisina ichichinja yakanaka Ion, uye zvakaipa zviri neutralized.
2. Recovery. Muitiro kuwana chinhu Erekitironi PARTICIPLE. Positive rinochinjwa kuva kwazvakarerekera Ion, uye ipapo negative iteration.
3. The pezvakaitwa mbiri pasina (somuenzaniso, nhamba maerekitironi kuti wapiwa vakaenzana adjoint nhamba yavo).

Faraday uyewo kuratidza mazita akasuma nokuda zvinhu kuti kutora chikamu mune nemakemikari:

1. Cations. Saka akadana chokwadi vakapomera ions vari kufamba kubva electrolyte mhinduro kune akaipa danda (cathode).
2. Anions. Saka vakatumidza kunaka ions vari kufamba electrolyte mhinduro iri zvakanaka danda (anode).

How nemakemikari kuitika?

Oxidation uye rutapudzo hafu-siyana vanoparadzaniswa muchadenga. Kuchinja kwakaita maerekitironi pakati cathode uye anode rinoitwa kwete zvakananga, asi kuburikidza zvokunze redunhu kondakita, iyo pave magetsi. Pano anogona kuonekwa interconversion kwemakemikari uye nemagetsi siyana simba. Naizvozvo, kuti iumbe zvokunze wedunhu hurongwa pamusoro conductors akasiyana-siyana (ndiro chii electrodes ari electrolyte), uye zvakafanira kuti kushandisa simbi. Tarirai, voltage pakati anode uye cathode chiripo somunhu caveat. Uye kana pakanga pasina chinhu kuti chinomutadzisa zvakananga kuti zvakakodzera muitiro, kukosha makemikari ano zvinyorwa kwaizova yakaderera chaizvo. Naizvozvo, nemhaka yokuti basa zvinokosha kufamba pamusoro Zano, vakaunganidza uye aishanda ari mukoti.

Chii: Step 1

Zvino ngatitarise kusarudza inova iyo. Tora galvanic sero-Jacobi Daniel. Kune rumwe rutivi inoitwa pakati zingi electrode, iyo achinyatsotaurira imwe zingi sulfate mhinduro. Zvadaro pane porous nokuidzivirira. Uye Ukuwo ine electrode mhangura uko unongoda mune mhinduro hwemhangura sulfate. Vari vachionana mumwe, asi makemikari maitiro uye septum regai pakuvhenganisa.

Danho 2: Process

Zingi oxidation kunoitika uye maerekitironi kutama kuburikidza zvokunze vematunhu kuti mhangura. Saka zvinoitika kuti sero electrochemical ane anode, isakarurama mhosva, uye cathode - zvakanaka. Uyezve, iyi muitiro unogona kutora nzvimbo chete zviitiko apo maerekitironi ndiko kuti "enda". Chokwadi ndechokuti kuti zvakananga kubva electrode kune mumwe kunodzivisa kuvapo "voga."

Danho 3: Electrolysis

Ngatimboonai nedanho electrolysis. Installation nokuti ndima yacho mudziyo pane electrolyte mhinduro kana uchanyauka. The electrode yave maviri kusiyiwa. Vari zvakabatana kuti DC simba kunobva. The anode mu iyi - ndiye electrode kuti zvakabatana zvakanaka danda. Pano riri oxidized. A isakarurama mhosva electrode - the cathode iri. Pano, zvinoderedza maitiro kunoitika.

Danho 4: Pakupedzisira

Naizvozvo, kana kushanda izvi pfungwa vanofanira nguva dzose kutakurwa mupfungwa kuti anode hachisi 100% nyaya anoshandiswa kureva asina electrode. Uyewo, iyo cathode anogona intermittently kurashikirwa mutariri wavo akanaka. Zvose zvinoenderana kuti muitiro mhando kunoitika panguva electrode: a achidzikisa kana oxidizing.

mhedziso

Ndizvo izvi zvose zviri - kwete chaizvo kuoma, asi haagoni kunzi nyore. Takurukura munhu galvanic muchitokisi, kuti anode uye cathode tichitarisa zano, uye zvino nezvinetso riine simba romugove nguva anodawo haufaniri kuva. Uye pakupedzisira, unofanira kusiya zvishoma zvinokosha ruzivo. Nguva dzose aifunga mutsauko, chine zvinogona kubva cathode / zvingakwanisa yacho anode. Chokwadi kuti wekutanga kuda nguva dzose kuva zvishoma guru. Izvi imhaka ndechokuti kunyatsoshanda asingadi kushanda pamwe mufananidzo 100% uye mugove vebasa iri akaparadza. Imhaka yokuti izvi unogona kuona kuti mabhatiri ane muganhu kangani kuraira uye zvaikosha.