The nenzvimbo nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema. Map rinoronga, mapikicha

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema, pamwe aizivikanwa wese wenyika yedu. Sei? All nyaya kuti zvinenge tose kanenge kamwe muupenyu, asi chiri pamusoro wayo pamhenderekedzo, zvakanaka, kana vari kuronga kuenda ikoko yako inotevera zororo.

Map of Black Sea Russian anoratidza kuti nyika yedu anoudzawo pamwe Ukraine, Georgia, Turkey, Bulgaria uye Romania.

Munenge nzvimbo, nhoroondo, okunze uye maitiro yenyika gungwa nzvimbo uye ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Section 1. General mashoko

Kana ukatarira paGungwa Black panyika mepu, tinogona kuona kuti ndeye yeAtlantic Ocean bheseni uye zvinoreva womukati mhando yamakungwa. Its pamusoro nzvimbo iri vanenge 422,0 ba. M. ? km (maererano kumwewo -.. 436,4 zviuru ba km).

Nemaziso, gungwa afanane chimiro ane denderedzwa nepfungwa akabatana kuti 1150? Km. The kunonyanyisa kureba kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba ndiyo 580? Km. Average udzamu - 1240 m, uye soro - 2210 m.

Sea Black zvengarava vane dzinoverengeka mikana, vari nokuti mugove mvura mumakungwa chokuita kuti Marble kuburikidza Bosphorus zvakare kuburikidza Dardanelles (Hellespont) - pamwe Mediterranean uye EGE, uye Kerch Strait - pamwe gungwa Azov.

In mvura ake vakapfuura muganhu mutsetse pakati Europe uye Asia Minor. Kuchamhembe chikamu gungwa kure kunyika Crimean kweItari.

mvura yaro kugeza nharaunda dzakawanda munyika: Russia, Ukraine, Georgia, Romania, Turkey uye Bulgaria. Kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo iri zvishoma kuzivikanwa mamiriro Abkhazia.

Sea Pool ane isingawanzowanikwi pfuma. dzakaderera akaturikidzana ayo akazara rehydrogen sulfide, nemhaka iyo kudzika kupfuura 150 M upenyu zvachose ndisipo (kunze dzimwe mhando mabhakitiriya).

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema riri kubudirira chaizvo. Sei? The ndechokuti zviri hwatakazvarwa zveupfumi uye zvokufambisa, inokosha uye uto kukosha, uyewo rimwe remasangano kuzvivaraidza nzvimbo Eurasia. In chengarava Sevastopol uye Novorossiisk chakabatikana chikuru muchiuto nehwaro Russian Black Sea Fleet.

Section 2. History kweGungwa Dema

Photos kweGungwa Dema, sezvo mutemo, atambudzwe Bribing zvimwe runako uye kwezvose. Asi chii isu here nezvake?

Chokutanga, tisingatauri kuti gungwa rine mudiki unformed mararamiro kuti kuramba ichishanduka Changing mvura pamwero, pane zvitsva mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uye vamwe zvapfuura.

Kare, uye zviri vanenge 8 zviuru. Makore akapfuura, ichi chaiva gungwa, uye zvose pagungwa. Ake yomuzvarirwo kwava zvikuru kubatwa kwokunze nezvinhu - simba okunze kana munhu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti iduku zvikuru pane nenyanza uye zviri zvishoma siyana upenyu, Gungwa Black mhenderekedzo yacho ikoroji vari kufarira masayendisiti.

Section 3. okunze njodzi?

Okunze kweGungwa Dema nokuda epakati kondinendi nzvimbo uye kunyanya rinoreva Continental mhando. Nokuti nharaunda iyi kunoratidzwa inodziya, nyoro dzechando uye akaoma yechirimo. Southern kwemhenderekedzo Crimea uye Caucasian kumhenderekedzo kudzivirirwa kubva mhepo pedyo nemakomo, ndizvo Mediterranean subtropical ekunze.

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema ndechokuti mamiriro okunze kuchikosha pokudzora Atlantic madutu, izvo kuuya dutu uye chando Snap. kazhinji mhepo yezasi-westerly mirayiridzo kuunza nyoro Mediterranean mhepo makore.

Muna January, kuchamhembe anochengeta avhareji tembiricha kuti + 2 ° C, asi ari kutonhora kuti -5 ° C, chando anowira nguva nenguva. Zvakawanda anodziya kumaodzanyemba kumiganhu kuCrimea uye Caucasus. Pane kashoma pasi + 5 ° C.

Iyulskaya mhepo tembiricha mugungwa kuchamhembe Avharenji +25 - + 27 ° C. Nokuda kugungwa, mhepo tembiricha kazhinji rukasafashukira pamusoro 37 ° C.

The akanyanya kupisa nzvimbo Gungwa Black pemhenderekedzo Caucasus, apo avhareji + 17 ° C pagore. On the Caucasian kumhenderekedzo nyaya mamwe kunonaya (1500 mm pagore), zvishoma wavo kurutivi rwokumusoro-kumadokero (anosvika 300 mm pagore).

The Sea Black haasi pasi oma, mvura hazvirevi atonhodze pazasi +8 Distância à ° C.

Section 4. kasvisto omunharaunda uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka

Wati wambofunga pamusoro zvinotaurwa zvinenge vanogara Sea Black? Characterization inoratidza kuti Gungwa Black nemiti chinosanganisira anopfuura 260 emaruva manyoro, tsvuku uye shava algae benthic: kladofora, Ulvi, Cystoseira, eelgrass, etc.

Sea phytoplankton zvinosanganisira 600 marudzi, pakati izvo pane diatoms uye dinoflagellates vamiririri (dinofizis, aleksandrium, protoperidinium).

Flora zvishoma siyana zvichienzaniswa Somuenzaniso, Mediterranean. Mumvura yegungwa mupenyu 2,500 marudzi emhuka, kusanganisira 160 mhando mhuka uye hove kusvika 500 majemusi, 500 crustaceans, 200 dzemugungwa uye dzimwe invertebrates. The Mediterranean anenge 9.000 dzemarudzi kurarama nhasi.

Panguva pakudzika kwegungwa, vakanopotera oysters uye mussels, dzemugungwa zvikara rapana. Pakati kumahombekombe matombo uye matombo ungawana magakanje, pane muramba, kuti shrimp, anemones uye sechipanji.

The paucity nemhuka dzomusango kukanganiswa salinity netembiricha mvura, uyewo paumbwe rehydrogen sulfide makadzika. Zvisinei, gungwa mvura yakakodzera kuvapo akaomarara kwemarudzi kuti haadi udzamu.

Chikamu 5: Ndezvipi plesieroorde muGungwa Dema?

plesieroorde Russian kweGungwa Dema pamhenderekedzo dziri muna Krasnodar mudunhu. Inonyanya kufarirwa vavo - Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik uye Tuapse. It akavaka chakanakisisa uye plesieroorde.

Zvayaiva pamusoro Crimean Peninsula zvokureva Evpatoria, Alushta, Yalta, Sudak, Simferopol, Feodosia, Black uye Falcon. A paradhiso yokutandara ndivo plesieroorde ose Abkhazia. By chikuru nzvimbo nzvimbo Ukraine ndohwavo Odessa, razova mumakore achangobva chiwanikwa chaiwo pagungwa.

Sochi

Takasarudza kuenda Sea Black? Mufambi Reviews vachibvumirana vanoti usaendako chaizvoizvo hazvifaniri, uye chinodiwa kuti izvi zvizhinji chaizvoizvo.

Chokutanga, tinoona kuti Sochi ndiye Kumaodzanyemba uye akanyanya kupisa dzisina weRussia. Uye pano, pamahombekombe, pane vakawanda mumahotera uye plesieroorde.

Beach mwaka muna Sochi kunotora May mid-October. Sunny ekunze Rinotora mazuva 300 pagore. Yakanaka subtropical okunze, chicherwa zvitubu uye madhaka vane kuzvivaraidza uye dzokurapwa chaizvo vanhu. Pachipatara pacho achida kutora rose gore.

Mhando nharaunda iri rakasiyana uye inimitable: gomo canyons pamwe hwekutambudzika nzizi, mapopoma nemapako, kutonhora makungwa, masango kwegore risingapindiki uye Zvikwenzi state dzakatenuka. Nzvimbo idzi zvinokwezva panze iyi uye mitambo yokunyanyisa.

Sochi ndiyo wakakurumbira kwete chete Beach pazororo, asi tsika zvinokwezva. Pane vakawanda mamiziyamu, dzemitambo, varaidzo nzvimbo, mumaresitorendi uye tiende kumanaitikirabhu.

Yalta

Mumwe inozivikanwa zvikuru Crimean dzisina maguta ari Yalta. Uyezve, zviri pakati rimwe remaguta yakaisvonaka kwazvo munyika.

Izvi ano dzisina chinoshamisa nzvimbo inonzi Sea Black. Mepu inoratidza kuti mahombekombe pano zvechokwadi yakakura, achitambanudza kuti 72? Km.

Guta vaiona guru Crimean plesieroorde uye unokosha wehurumende, tsika uye nzvimbo pakati kurutivi rwezasi pemhenderekedzo Crimea.

Kuzhinji zuva uye uswa, jecha ushamwari uye gungwa, mhepo yakachena, makomo uye akawandisa zvinokwezva kusika zvakanaka ezvinhu kuti zororo kupora uye.

Abkhazia

Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita sokuti Mwari pachake akasika izvi dzokugara munhu. Beach mwaka kunotora May kusvika October uye 220 mazuva gore unogona kunakidzwa zuva.

Yomugungwa ane yakaderera munyu kugutsikana, zvakajeka uye rakanakira achigeza. Tour pamusoro Abkhazia - vanopa vanhu, zvinoyevedza hunhu uye vazhinji nhoroondo sezvivako.

Rinopa kutungamirirwa Tours nemapopoma, chicherwa namatsime Lake Riza, karst mumapako matongo eguta rekare. The plesieroorde nomukurumbira pakati nedunhu - Pitsunda, Gagra, Sukhumi uye Gudauta.

Abkhazia yebasa iri kukura nokukurumidza: dzakagadzirisa akwegura yevanogara dzimba uye akavaka itsva Hotels vakasununguka, migwagwa izere mumaresitorendi nevaraidzo yokuitira. Chimwe chezvinhu dzakakurumbira zororo dzokugara ndiro guta Pitsunda, uyo akapoteredzwa vanoondoroka masango, iyo pave chinokosha microclimate nokuporesa mupaini zvakanaka.

Pano, kunyange inopisa ekunze, vatsva uye muchitonhorera. plesieroorde Vose rakamiswa mune nzvimbo mhenderekedzo pedo negungwa.

Section 6. kufamba remvura Sea Black

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Gungwa Black zvengarava zvakawanda zvakanaka. Tsanangura nei. Kazhinji, chikamu ichi mumakungwa yanyarara uye rugare. Waves akazviratidzazve vhuvhuta ekunze, kazhinji muchando. kukwirira wavo ave kusvika 15 m, izvo ngozi chete midziyo diki. Maze haapfuuri 10 masendimita uye vari kushanda zvisingaoneki.

Kazhinji, mugungwa kune marudzi maviri Rwako - pemvura uye kaviri. Mhando kunzi nedutu mhepo yokupedzisira vari yakaumbwa pana Bosphorus uye Kerch pakamanikana uye anokonzerwa musiyano iri arambe achirema remvura nembiya mbiri.

pamusoro-mhando aibuda chimiro maviri Akanyatsovharwa zvindori. mhete Western tapers zasi uye upamhi riri pakatarisana Danube Delta anenge 100 km. Mwero kuyerera uyu anenge 0,5 km / h. mhete East kunosvika 50-100 km uye ane mwero 1 km / h.

Double kuyerera muna Bosporus imhaka mvura mukutsinhana pakati Black uye Marmara makungwa. The vakareruka uye zvishoma wakawanda Sea Black mvura anopinda Marble pa aimhanya anosvika 2 km, uye anogamuchira mune kudzokera yakaderera nzira saltwater Marmara.

Chimwe kaviri nokuti yakaumbwa pakati Black uye Azov makungwa. Muchiitiko chino, mvura desalinated yeGungwa Azov unowana yokumusoro nzira kweGungwa Dema, nokuda mvura munyu.

Kuwedzera chinjikira dzenzvimbo pamwe kutwasuka rakatenderedzwa okumusoro akaturikidzana mvura (kusvika mamita 80).

Section 7. Zvinotyisa kugungwa: mhepo uye bvungapfunga

The nenzvimbo nzvimbo kweGungwa Dema rinonyatsoratidza kuti pane fogs pamusoro nemhenderekedzo kana yegungwa kunyanya kutonhora mwaka. Bvungapfunga akaumba pamusoro pegungwa pedyo nemhenderekedzo apo nechisimba munyika chando gungwa mhepo.

Pamahombekombe, kazhinji zvinoita sokuti muchirimo. nebulae Most kuchengetwa yechando, kunyanya Bosphorus panjodzi (kusvika mazuva 80 pagore). Zvisinei, pane-refu refu bvungapfunga. Somuenzaniso, muna Odessa, muchando ivo yakareba kusvika mazuva 10. Photos kweGungwa Dema, vakaitwa ekunze seizvi, vane imwe romanticism uye chakavanzika.

Simba uye kumhanya mhepo mugungwa kupfuura pamhenderekedzo. Kana madutu pamusoro pegungwa nyorovera mhepo anova isina vertically, pova vortex mhepo uye washington ngozi midziyo diki. Speed chando kunosvika kubva 3 kusvika mamita 40 / chik. Dzimwe nguva pane yemadutu. Night mhepo kuunza muchitonhorera pamhenderekedzo.

Section 8. The Sea Black dzenzvimbo vari ngozi

Zvisinei, munyengeri uye utsinye vanogona kuva uye Gungwa Dema, zvinoitwa munyika yomugungwa nzvimbo inoratidza kuvapo zvakajeka pano shanduka kuyerera rinotungamirirwa kumativi mukomberedzo pakati counterclockwise.

Nokuti nokuumba zvindori zviviri, rinonzi "pfungwa Knipovich" (mu rukudzo mumwe hydrologist, uyo akarondedzera chiitiko ichi). Speed kufamba kunobva Kutenderera paNyika. Uyewo, kuchinja iri kuerera kunokanganisa simba uye achitungamirirwa mhepo. Dzimwe nguva mumhenderekedzo yegungwa vortices simuka, kunangana huru chokubuda (anticyclonic zvinogara).

Movement rokumusoro longshore dzenzvimbo ndiyo shanduka uye kunozivikanwa nemhepo. Mumwe nezveizvi unonzi Tyagun aumba munguva dutu. Waves kurovera pamhenderekedzo, ikaramba ichiserera nzizi simba mumufananidzo uri jecha pasi penzira. Rwako ava ngozi chaizvo nokuti vanhu uye anogona kutakura kure kumahombekombe. Kubuda mazviri, unofanira kushambira pamahombekombe haisi yakarurama mutsetse, uye Tsanga yacho yaichekwa.

Section 9. Nei gungwa zororo? An ngano

Black Sea panyika mepu, kunyange mukuru, unogona kuonekwa kwazvo. Ndokusaka, zvichida, vanayo kwenguva refu, achiwedzera ngano uye paakaita retelling. Uye pano mumwe wavo.

Kare maigara akashinga gamba, munhu akashinga iyo vanonyora ngano. Rimwe zuva akwegura muuki akasarudza kumupa mashiripiti museve, ane simba remashiripiti hwaibva chinangwa wacho. Mushure kuwira mumaoko akaipa, zvinogona kuunza yakawanda nenhamo pasi. Bogatyr haana akarishandisa, uye pasina kudikanwa azvipfumise. Wakati akura, akatanga kutsvaka munhu anokodzera nomuseve. Asi chete akakodzera muridzi aigona kuzarura wake pachivande.

Ipapo gamba akasarudza kuviga zvombo muGungwa Black akakumbira vanakomana vake kuti amutore chakasvikira pakati payo. Aiziva kuti vakanga kekutanga asina kuzadzisa ayo murayiro, uye akadzidzosera. Vanakomana kwaBaba, uye kudzikisa tiguu kusvikira pasi pegungwa. Izvi zvakagumbura gungwa, zvakanga ruzha uye achiri anoedza kukanda kusvika kumhenderekedzo museve.

Section 10. The Sea Black iri warm?

Ungati chaiyo apo Sea Black? The mepu inoratidza kuti zviri zvikuru zvakakodzera kuti funga kumaodzanyemba kumuganhu negungwa mamiriro edu. Uye, chokwadi, zviri vo chaizvo. Zvisinei, pane maonero kuti tembiricha mairi iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvinonyatsoita here?

Black Sea (Krasnodar nharaunda chinobviswa sepokutangira pakudzidza) vakazadzwa rehydrogen sulfide, uye saka wakakwanira chete upenyu romumhenderekedzo yegungwa uye mvura akaturikidzana. Nenzira, nekuti izvi rinoreva mumwe mumakungwa isingagarwi zvenyika.

Uyewo ari mararamiro yegungwa kwakakanganisa zvakunoita kupisa, izvo zvakaita kuti kuwedzera mhepo tembiricha munguva yechando uye kukwana kutonhora okumusoro akaturikidzana egungwa. Izvi zvinozoita kunoita zvakaoma wehunyambiri kutenderera okumusoro akaturikidzana mvura panguva udzamu miganhu kuti tirambe hydrogen sulfide.

Warming zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti rehydrogen sulphide mapazi kusvika pegungwa anenge 12 metres, uye mvura ndokuva upenyu. Bhuku mvura, okisijeni-muchifumiswa anoenderera kutapudzwa, zvichikonzera dzezvakatipoteredza zvaimunetsa. Saka, Gungwa Dema, izvo anoona 43 ° 17'49 "pamwe. W. 34 ° 01'46 "munhu. e., Ungangove, acharamba anodziya.