Angiosperms - Department kasvisto. General unhu uye kukosha

List angiosperms zvose, zvichida, hazvitomboiti. Hongu, uye mazita mhando kuti hunonyanya kukosha zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu vachava zvakaoma. Pashure pezvose, zvirimwa izvi kare akawana hunobatsira kukosha, uye vamiririri vavo vanozivikanwa se dzinodyiwa, zvekushandisa, zvishongo uye zvadzinofura zvirimwa. Ndezvipi zviratidzo akaita Pokrytosemennye dhipatimendi? General maitiro uye kukosha zvinomera izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya nyaya yedu. Rega kutanga.

Biology: Angiosperms dhipatimendi

All zvinomera mbeu vane uwandu STRUCTURAL zvinhu kuti mutongo wayo panyika. Vose kwakaonekwa Kushanduka zvinenge zvichikonzerwa kuchinjira kumamiriro kuchinja mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza. Department of Angiosperms, maererano taxonomy, ane anopfuura mazana maviri namakumi mashanu zviuru nezviuru rudzi munguva. Nepo dzavo vamutangira - Gymnosperms dhipatimendi - masere chete.

Key zviri weDhipatimendi angiosperms:

- kuvapo neruva;

- paumbwe mudumbu;

- Kugadzirwa embryo mukati mbeu utachiona;

- muchangosangana miviri;

- kuvapo mbeu dzakapoteredzwa pericarp.

Anoendeswa pamwechete, izvi zvinhu uye kuona zvazvakanakira, nemhaka iyo vamiririri weDhipatimendi Angiosperms aigona kupararira mhiri nyika, wakati nyanzvi ezvinhu akasiyana okunze munyika dzine uye mabhandi.

Gymnosperms uye angiosperms: zvakafanana uye misiyano

Asi shure kune zvinokosha. All zvirimwa mbeu ikashandiswa muzvikamu zviviri: Golo - uye angiosperms. Makopi okutanga taxonomic boka kunyanya kumiririrwa Softwoods kirasi. Ava miti ine predominance ose Woody upenyu chimiro, pamwe pombi midzi. Mashizha chinomiririrwa matete mashizha - tsono. Pamusana kwavari pamberi nebwe ducts, izvo kudzivisa kunyanya kwemvura muitiro, zvirimwa izvi kuramba miti yakasvibira ose mwaka. Asi chikuru chinoratidza kadhi iri kushaya maruva, uye nokudaro michero. The mbeu zvavari iri cône pachikero akazaruka, havana kudzivirirwa chinhu. Naizvozvo, rinofanira vachava imere, kwete rukuru nokuti zvokudya hadzikwani.

Angiosperms dhipatimendi rinobatanidza zvirimwa izvo ruva riri kuumbwa, uye maererano, uye muchero. Inside ichi mbeu rokubereka nhengo vanodzivirirwa chero nemigumisiro kwezvakatipoteredza, kudziyirwa uye akapa vane zvakakodzera kupiwa muviri.

zvakwakanakira

Angiosperms - dhipatimendi dzakakwirira zvinomera, vane chaicho ndinoiitawo. Kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwembeu uye pakusika akanaka ezvinhu kuti kukura embryo kwavari achakamira inosanganisira kwadzakabva mbeu kuparadzira. Somuenzaniso, Maple michero vane mashizha inokosha iyo vari nyore kutakurwa nemhepo. A boll Poppy pacharo kutsemuka kana kuibva, kuparadzira mbeu. miti yemichero Tasty kuparadzira mhuka kuti kuzvidya, uye excrete mashoko undigested zvokudya anoramba ari kure. Gymnosperms havana muchero. Ndivo mbeu iri pasikweya, izvo vasiri vose zvibereko. Izvi dzakachinjwa mabukira, vashandi nzvimbo inotungamirwa uye kukura mbeu. No wemari inodiwa embryo pokumuka zvinhu kana namano kuti mbeu dispersal uye Resettlement havasi zvinomera.

Features kupatsanura

Angiosperms dhipatimendi nokubatanidza makirasi maviri. The chikuru chepfungwa weboka - nhamba cotyledons mu embryo mbeu. Family nokupesana angiosperms - Single- uye Dicotyledonous - vane zvimwe zvinhu.

Department of Angiosperms: mukuru hunhu monocots

Department of angiosperms, Monocotyledons kirasi kunosanganisira zvinopfuura 600,000 marudzi. Life siyana, izvo akauyawo vari kazhinji uswa. Asi mumwe cotyledon ari mudumbu ari mbeu vamiririri mukirasi iyi vanoonekwa ne fibrous midzi, Kuwanikwa nyore mashizha chete zvakafanana uye kashoma - vane chinhu chakakombama kana S.-mhando venation. Cambium - rutivi chinokosha rokudzidzisa pamusoro hunde, mune monocots zvisipo zvirimwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, havaiti kuumba hunde dzacho simba. Kirasi monocots zvinosanganisira akawanda maduku enderana dzakabatana - mhuri.

Mhuri bota

A maitiro chinoratidza ezviyo zvose zviri pamberi negomba hunde. Inonzi culm. Akaumba Rutsanga nokuti kuti chinokosha rokudzidzisa riri panguva nodes. Vamiririri mhuri vari gorosi, rye, bhari, chibage, gorosi uswa nezvimwe zvinomera. Chimwe chinhu bota iri kujairika ruva, iyo vatendeuke kuva Corolla pachikero. Kuwanda Stamens zvichisiyana matatu kusvika matanhatu, dzimwe nguva zvakawanda. maruva kwakadaro kujairika aunganidzwa mu Inflorescence - panicle yakaoma kana nzeve. Ovary inoumbwa carpels maviri. Sessile Mashizha ezviyo pasina hunde, pamwe yakafanana venation panofanira zvikamu vatatu: nyinyo, uye rurimi ndiro zvakananga.

zviyo zvose zvinokosha chaizvo zvirimwa zvokudya. Vazhinji vavo inoshandiswa pagadzirwe zviyo, furawa, kugocha mhando dzakasiyana zvokudya. Mumwe vamiririri zviyo uye shuga sengere iri.

Hanyanisi uye mhuri Liliaceae

A maitiro chepfungwa vomumhuri ndiyo kuvapo ane pevhu yokutiza nadzurudzo - Mabumba. Kuti rine kugoverwa zvinovaka muviri, nokuda iyo miti izvi zvinogona kurarama munyika vanoshorwa kumwedzi. Chestnokov uye leeks anowanzoramba vamiririri mhuri. Asi Seruva miti uyewo kuumba Mabumba, dzimwe nguva rhizomes. Tulip, prolesok, Hyacinth, ruva mumupata, gagea, Fritillary .. zvirimwa ava chiratidzo kwematsutso rokutanga. Pamberi kutanga mwaka vane nguva kukura uye ottsvesti. Ipapo avo aboveground chikamu afa, asi girobhu racho pasi pasi inoramba musoro munyika yose nguva kuvapo vamiririri mhuri Liliaceae.

Kirasi Dicotyledons: mamirire zvinhu

Tinoramba kuona Pokrytosemennye dhipatimendi, vane makirasi zvinonyatsoziva kuvazivisa. Zviya, Dicotyledonous ndivo kupfuura pavo. Vane cotyledons maviri ari mudumbu mbeu, pombi midzi, zviri nyore kana remubatanidzwa mashizha chete pinnate, palmate kana chinhu chakakombama venation. The hunde dicotyledonous dziri cambium - rokudzidzisa jira divi. Hazvina mhosva kuti kukura kwavo muna ukobvu. Naizvozvo, nokuti miti izvi vanoonekwa ne upenyu siyana, miriwo, nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe. Family, izvo ndezvaJehovha kirasi iyi vakawanda. Saka, tichava kutarisa chete vamwe vavo.

mhuri Rosaceae

Izvi zvakangofanana zviuru zvitatu siyana zvirimwa muchero. Apple, peya, apirikoti, puramu, Quince, Cherry, pichisi - vanongova vamwe vamiririri mhuri Rosaceae. Ndivo nyore kusiyanisa nedzimwe avo mamirire zvinhu: a shanu-membered ruva yakawanda Stamens uye miviri perianth. Inflorescence - a mumakwenzi kana ndiro. Uye chikuru mhando muchero chinhu drupe uye apple. tsika idzi munhu anoshandisa nezvokudya uye zvinochengetedza nekuti vane inokosha munuhwi.

leguminous

Ichi hurongwa chikwata ane rimwe zita - bhatafurayi. zvirimwa izvi zvinokonzerwa ruva raro yakarongeka, vane petals maumbirwo siyana uye akafanana shavishavi akapeta mapapiro. Asi kutanga ivo kuita zita ravo mhando muchero - bhinzi. Zvaoma uye rinozivisa ichibhabhamisa maviri musono. On nomumwe wavo mbeu dziri. Mhuri vari zvinodhaka, mafuta, dyisa, zvokudya uye zvishongo zvirimwa. zvinowanzoitika Vamiririri yavo soyabhinzi, pizi, bhinzi, apila, licorice, nemiakasia, nzungu nezvimwewo zvirimwa.

solanaceous

The inozivikanwa tsika, achimiririra mhuri Solanaceae, kunze zvirimwa chete zita vari nembatatisi, madomasi, eggplants, pepper uye fodya. maruva avo uyewo shanu-membered, asi sepals uye petals vari fused, uye mhando michero vari bheri kana Kamudzira. Mukuru upfumi kukosha pakati izvi miriwo uye maindasitiri zvirimwa, izvo zvinosanganisira fodya uye fodya. Asi nightshade Datura, henbane uye belladonna zvinokuvadza zvirimwa zvinogona kukonzera chakakomba chepfu dzemuviri.

kabichi mhuri

Ichi hurongwa Unit, rinonzi nenzira iyi kupfuura nezvekumwe mumiriri, inonziwo cruciferous. The ndechokuti ruva ane petals mana, akaronga pakatarisana nomumwe. Nechokunze, afanane chimiro pamuchinjikwa. Mukuwedzera dzakasiyana-siyana makabheji uye zvinosanganisira relis, tabapi, radish, horseradish, netsanga uye rapeseed.

Kukosha angiosperms zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu

Department of maruva (angiosperms) chirimwa kunonyanya chinhu chinokosha kusvika zvose munharaunda, link ngetani zvokudya, hwaro zvakasvibirira makemikari nyaya.

Pakati zvirimwa zvokudya zvikuru kukosha ndiyo mhuri ezviyo, bhinzi, Rosaceae, Cruciferous. Zvinomera zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira medicaments. Izvi licorice, marshmallow, valerian, tansy, St. vaJohani mhanga, celandine. Zvibereko maruva miti yakapfuma mavhitamini, kunyanya C. Strawberry iyi, Blueberry, cranberry, mhuka ruva, gariki nehanyanisi.

Hapana tsika nzvimbo zvisingaiti kufungidzira pasina nezvishongo maruva miti, ramakagadzwa rakajairika Roses, daffodils, dahlias, asters, petunias, daisies, maruva, tulips, uye vamwe.

zvirimwa zvakawanda uchi. maruva avo vane pemhino uye inotapira nekita chinokwezva pollinating zvipembenene. Pakati miti izvi zvinogona kunzi marudzi akasiyana dzomuakasia, madota, Buckwheat.

Asi vamwe maruva murume vachiri kurwa. It pestiferous nemasora: gorosi uswa, Quinoa, kudyara rukato, pamuitiro uswa uye nevamwe. Panewo muchetura mhuka. Saka, kana kushandiswa nepasipo celandine anogona kukonzera kwazvo chinyamunhari chinorwadza uye dope - zvisipo, kushaya kudzora pfungwa uye delirium.

Features dhipatimendi Pokrytosemennye kupupura kwavo yakakwirira padanho sangano kuti akavabvumira kutora aitungamirira chinzvimbo chirimwa nyika ino.