Arthur Clark: mabhuku nemabhuku

Pamabasa aArthur Clark, zvizvarwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevasiri vaverengi chete, asiwo vanyori vanonyora mumhando yesayenzi fikasi, vakakura. Mabasa ake akanga ari mutsauko wezviitiko kana teknolojia.

Nokudaro, Arthur C. Clarke akafanoona kusikwa kweRaadar kuona zvinhu zvinobhururuka, ndege kune mwedzi, maStellite asingagumi mumharaunda yePasi, kusikwa kwemakombiyuta, Indaneti nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Biography yemunyori

Munguva yehupenyu hwake hurefu uyu murume mukuru akasiya chiratidzo kwete chete mumabhuku, asiwo mune sayenzi uye teknolojia. Arthur Clark, ane nhoroondo yakatanga musi wa16.12.1917 muSomerset County, England, kwaakaberekerwa muguta re Mainhead, yakapera musi wa19 March, 2008 muSri Lanka.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, akanga ari mumwe wevadzidzisi vekufamba-famba kwekubhururuka mumamiriro ekunze akaipa, uye nhamba yake yekutanga yakagadzirirwa panguva ino.

Mushure mehondo, Arthur Clarke, ane chikwata cheLieutenant weRoyal Air Force, akapedza chikoro chechikoro kubva kuna King's College muLondon, achinyanya kuongorora fisikiti uye masvomhu.

Kudzoka muna 1945, senhengo yedzinza rezvematongerwo enyika muBrithani, munyori akarayira pfungwa yekusika imwe nzira yezviteshi zvekugara munzvimbo inotenderera nyika kuti ipe nyika yekutengesa. Akatonyora zvinyorwa zvemasayenzi akakurumbira uye mabhuku pamusoro peizvi, kujekesa ruzivo rwebasa reprojekti.

Mushure mokunge magetsi ekugadzirisa akaumbwa pamakiromita 36 000 pamusoro pegungwa, akapiwa zita raArthur Clark mukucherechedza mupiro wake pakubudirira uku.

Kubvira muna 1956 kusvika pakufa kwake, Arthur Clark aigara muSri Lanka, kwaakagamuchira kuva vagari venyika, uye apo yakawanda yezvesayenzi-fikiti zvinyorwa uye inoverengeka zvakanyorwa. Basa raClark rokupedzisira nekuda kwehutano hwake hwakasikwa pamwe nekubatana nevamwe vanyori, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvisinganyanyi kufadza kupfuura mabasa ake akazvimiririra.

Nguva yekusika ya 1951-1961

Mumakore kubva muna 1951 kusvika muna 1961, Arthur Clark, ane mabhuku ezvinyorwa zvinyorwa anosanganisira 22 nhepfenyuro dzakasiyana-siyana, 3 maitiro uye 4 magwaro ezvinyorwa zvebhuku rake, dzakanyorwa mabasa akaita kuti azivikanwe munyika yevasayenzi vanyengeri.

Iyo inoverengeka "Prelude to Space" (1951) yakava chiitiko chekutanga kutanga ma satellites nevanhu munzvimbo. Mune maitiro ake, munyori anotaura nenzira iri nyore uye inogamuchirwa yezvinhu zvisingazivikanwi zvevanhu venguva yake semhando yezvigadzirwa zvechadenga uye nemitemo yezvikepe zvayo.

Bhuku racho rakabva kune nhoroondo dzenhema dze "Prometheus", uyo aifanira kuita kuti aende kumwedzi. Iri basa rakava ruzivo rwekufamba ndege. Shanduro yekutanga yakatangwa muUSSR yakakunda kukunda hukuru hwepasi chete muna 1957, uye kubhururuka kwaApollo pamwedzi kwakaitika muna 1969. Nhoroondo "Prelude to Space" inogona kuonekwa seimwe yezvakafanotaurwa zvakaitwa naArthur Clark.

Rakadhindwa mugore rimwe chete, nhau "Sands of Mars" inopa vaverengi vane tarisiro yekuti kwete ndege chete, asiwo kufambiswa kwemamwe mapuraneti.

Nyaya inonyanya kutarisirwa munguva ino ndiyo basa guru rekutanga raClarke, The End of Childhood (1953), iyo inowedzera pfungwa dzevadzidzi kuti pfungwa yokuti vanhu havasisiri vari voga mune zvose zvakasikwa.

"Motofire" (1961) haisi imwe chete yeruzivo dzakanakisisa dzenguva ino yekusika yemunyori, asiwo musanangudzo weHugo Award. Basa rinotaura nezvekugara kwemwedzi uye zvinotyisa izvo pasi rekudenga rinokwanisa kupa vanhu.

I "Space Odyssey 2001" inoenderera mberi

Apo Arthur Clark (mifananidzo yemunyori ari kubasa) akanyora bhuku rake "Space Odyssey 2001" muna 1968, zana remakore rechi21 raiita serisinganzwisisiki kure.

Asi nhasi pfungwa yeruzivo pamusoro pekuedzwa kwePasi yemakore mamiriyoni matatu ichiri kukosha.

Kukakavadzana pamusoro pezvakabva muupenyu huri kurega, izwi rokuti "cosmic intelligence" rave rakasimbiswa kwazvo, uye kutaurirana kwemashoko kunongova nyaya yenguva.

Sezvenguva dzose, Clark aitarisira pfungwa dzakawanda dzezera rake uye akataura mibvunzo iyo masayendisiti pasi rose iye zvino ari kutsvaga mhinduro kune. Kuenderera mberi, kwakatanga muna 1968, kwakazadziswa muna 1997. Inosanganisira 4 inovhesi yakatsaurirwa kurwendo rwepasi inotsvaka huchenjeri hwekunze.

Nokuda kwebasa iri, Stanley Kubrick akaita firimu yakave yechechi mune iri genre. Kutenda tarenda yemuBrithani mutungamiriri uye nemigumisiro yavakashandisa kugadzira iyo firimu, iyo firimu kunyange munguva yekombiyuta yemagetsi inotarisa mumhepo imwe chete, yakaonekwa seyinyorwa yezvinyorwa zvekuenderera kwevanhu kuJupiter uye nekupikisa "pfungwa inopandukira" yekombiyuta.

Purogiramu "Rama"

Mhirizhonga "Rama" yakasikwa kwemakore makumi maviri (1973-1993), uye inoverengeka "Rendezvous neRama" inonzi inonyanya kukosha pane zvakaitwa naArthur Clarke pamusoro pehupenyu hwake. Nhamba yemabhuku emunyori nguva dzose inosanganisira basa iri. Akaunza munyori mubayiro weNebula, Hugo uye British Science Fiction Association.

Chirongwa chacho chinobva munyaya yekusika kwepakati patrol, iyo "inoseka" ye asteroids iyo yakaisa upenyu pasi pano. Pakati pea asteroids, chinhu chakawanikwa chaiva nechimiro chenguva dzose uye chakachengetedza nzira yayo kune Sun.

Mushure mokunge vaenda kune imwe ngarava isina kujairika, vanhu vakawana imomo mamiriro akakodzera ekupona kwevanhu uye kunyange gungwa nevanogara uye zvinomera pamahombekombe ayo. Sezvaunofamba uchienda kune Zuva, mabhoti "anomuka" muchikepe kuti atsigire hupenyu hwokutsigira.

Nheyo huru yemunyori ndeyekuti vanhu vakagadzirira kusangana nekunzwisisa kwekunze kana kutya, kushungurudza uye kusanzwisisa kwemitemo yenyika yose ichasiya vanhu mukati meSolar system yavo.

The Odyssey of Time cycle

Nhamba yakajeka zvikuru yehutenderedzwa - "Dutu paSuva" (2005) - rakanyorwa mukubatana pamwe naStefano Baxter. Iyi inoveli inoparadza, kurondedzera pamusoro pedambudziko rinogona kuitika uye kuparadzwa kwakakwana kwePasi nekuda kwedutu guru pane Zuva.

Akanyeverwa neanodzoka muchengeti Baisez Dutt, uyo akadzoka kubva kumhanya. Akashanyira nyika iyo pasina zvikamu zvenguva pfupi uye umo maMatangwe anotonga, avo vanoda kuparadza pasi uye nyika yavo.

Chinhu chinonakidza chinoita kuti vaverengi vazvidye mwoyo pamusoro pekuguma kwevanhu, izvo, kakawanda zvichiitika, zvinoenderana nezviito kana kupera kwevanhu.

Mabasa e 70-80-ies

Pasinei nekurwara kwake (poliomyelitis inowanikwa mumakore makumi matanhatu), Clark anoenderera mberi kunyora zvakasimba uye anoita kuti vaverengi vafare netarenda rake.

Pakati pemabasa epanguva ino:

• "Dolphin Island" - inoveli yakagadzirirwa pfungwa chaiyo ye "inonzwisisika" yakabva ma dolphins uye mukana wekukurukurirana nemunhu.
• "Nziyo dzekumaruwa pasi" dzakatsaurirwa kune vanhu vakarasika, iyo yakaparadzwa neSuva. Nemhaka yekuti masayendisiti aiziva pamusoro peizvi zvisati zvaitika, mumvura yakadzika pakutsvaga mhuka yakakodzera yevanhu vatsva yakatumirwa chikepe nemashiripiti emiti yose, mhuka yepasi uye mazamu evanhu. Nyika yeTalassa yakasvika kumiganhu yayo yekusangana koloni yepasi, uye mabhoti akaita basa rose rakafanira kuti rive nekoloni.
• Iko kunotora "Chikoro mumugumo" kunosanganisira nyaya uye nenyaya dzeArthur Clark kubva kumakore akasiyana.

Mune maitiro ake akanaka, Arthur C. Clarke, uyo anongoratidzwa mabhuku evanhu vose nguva dzose ndiye anonyanya kufarira, mumabasa ake tsvuku tsvuku inogadzirisa musoro wekuti vanhu vanokodzera kurarama nekukundisa zvinhu zvose.

Mabasa emakumi mapfumbamwe

Zvisikwa zvakajeka uye zvekupedzisira zvakasikwa zveArthur Clark yaiva nhamo-inova "The Hammer of the Lord," yakanyorwa muna 1993.

Kurwara kwomunyori kwaifambira mberi, uye akatanga kutenderera ari muwiricheya, asi haana kurega kuita basa, ivo vose vanyori uye vanhu vose.

Iyo inoverengeka yakazvipira kune chinyorwa chaiyo chekuguma kwenyika, iyo inowanzowanzobudiswa nhau yezvemakore iwayo inobatanidza nekuwa kwe asteroid kuPasi.

Mhando yemunyori

"Kufungidzira Nha." - ndizvo zvakaitwa naArthur Clark kusvika kure. Mabasa ake akadzokidzwa zvakare, mafirimu anofuridzirwa pamusoro pavo, uye munyori pachake haana kungova mumiriri wezvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvemabhuku, asiwo akadzivirirwa naEstre Elizabeth II.