Vatsoropodzi veruzivo "Vanababa nevana." I. Nhoroondo yeTurgenev "Baba nevana" muVatsoropodzi '

"Vanababa nevana," iyo nhoroondo yezvisikwa inowanzobatanidzwa nebasa raRudin, rakabudiswa muna 1855, iri nhoroondo umo Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev akadzoka kune chimiro chekutanga kwezvisikwa.

Sezvazviri, mu "Vanababa nevana" mapuranga ose akabatanidzwa akaenderera kune imwe nzvimbo, iyo yakaumbwa nemufananidzo weBazarov, raznochinets-democrat. Akavhiringidza vatsoropodzi vose nevadzidzi. Vatsoropodzi vakawanda vakanyora pamusoro penyaya inoti "Vanababa nevana", nokuti basa rakakonzera kufarira kwechokwadi uye kukakavara. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinokosha maererano nerino rwuri ruchakupa kwauri munyaya ino.

Kukosha kwechifananidzo chaBazarov muku kunzwisisa kwebasa racho

Bazarov haana kungova chivako chebasa racho, asiwo chinetso. Kubva pakunzwisisa kwekuguma kwake uye unhu hwake hwakanga hwakavakirwa zvikuru pane kuongororwa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvose zvinyorwa zveTurgenev: nzvimbo yemunyori, mhando yevanhu, maitiro akasiyana-siyana akashandiswa mubasa "Baba navanakomana." Maererano nezvitsauko, vatsoropodzi vakakurukura ino ino uye vakaona maitiro matsva mubasa raIvan Sergeyevich, kunyange zvazvo kunzwisisa kwetsananguro yebasa iri kwakasiyana zvachose.

Sei vakatsamwira Turgenev?

Maonero ezvinyorwa zvemunyori kune gamba rake zvinosanganisira kukanganisa nekuzvidzwa kwevanhu venguva yake. Turgenev aishandiswa zvisina kunaka kubva kumativi ose. Vatsoropodzi venyaya ino "Vanababa nevana" vakapindura zvakanyanya. Vaverengi vakawanda vakanga vasingagoni kunzwisisa pfungwa yemunyori. Kubva pamimhanzi yaAnnenkov, uyewo naIvan Sergeyevich pachake, tinodzidza kuti M.N. Katkov akashatirwa, achizviziva nemashoko akanyorwa kuti "Vanababa nevana" zvitsauko. Akanga akatsamwa pamusana pokuti unhu hukuru hwebasa racho hunotonga uye husingasviki nemhando ipi zvayo yokuramba. Vaverengi nevatsoropodzi vemusasa wakatarisanawo vakatsoropodza Ivan Sergeyevich nekuda kwepikisano yaakange aine naBazarov mubhuku rake "Baba navanakomana." Zvinyorwa zvayo zvaiita sezvo zvisina kunyanya kutonga.

Nyaya inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pezvimwe zvizhinji kududzira ndeye nyaya yaMAA. Antonovich, yakabudiswa mu "Contemporary" ("Asmodeus of Our Time"), pamwe chete nenyaya dzakawanda dzakabuda mumagazini "Russian Word" (Democratic), yePeru DI. Pisarev: "Kufunga Kwakaitwa," "VaRealists," "Bazarov." Ava vatsoropodzi venyaya inoti "Vanababa nevana" vakaratidza maonero maviri anopikisana.

Pfungwa yePisarev pamusoro pemunhu mukuru

Kusiyana naAntonovich, uyo akaratidza kuti Bazarov haana kunaka, Pisarev akaona maari "gamba renguva chaiyo". Uyu muongorori akafananidza chifananidzo ichi ne "vanhu vatsva" vanoratidzwa munhizha "Chii chavanofanira kuita?" N.G. Chernyshevsky.

Musoro unoti "madzitateguru nevana" (ukama hwezvizvarwa) mumashoko ake akauya mberi. Maonero anopikisana akaratidzwa nevamiririri vehutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika pamusoro pebasa raTurgenev rakaonekwa se "kuparadzaniswa kwevanyori" - chokwadi chemukati chakange chiripo musangano rezvematongerwo enyika.

Antonovich pamusoro peBazarov

Vose vaverengi nevatsoropodzi ve "Vanababa nevana" vaishushikana nemibvunzo miviri: nzvimbo yemunyori uye zvinyorwa zvemifananidzo yemanzwi. Ndiyo mapurisa maviri ayo basa ripi zvaro rinotsanangurwa uye rinozivikanwa. Maererano naAntonovich, Turgenev akanga asina kunaka. Mukududzirwa kwaBazarov, inoratidzwa nemutsoropodzi uyu, chifananidzo ichi hachina kunyorwa kubva "kubva pane zvakasikwa" nemunhu, asi ne "mweya wakaipa", "asmode", iyo inosunungurwa nemunyori anonyadzisa wechizvarwa chitsva.

Muchidimbu chechimiro, imwe nyaya yeAntonovich inotsigirwa. Uyu muongorori panzvimbo pokuratidza chinangwa chekuongorora basa racho, akaumba cartoon pamunhu mukuru, achiisa Sitnikov, "mudzidzi" Bazarov, panzvimbo yemudzidzisi wake. Bazarov, maererano naAntonovich, haisi iyo yose yekugadzira maitiro, kwete girazi, umo chizvarwa chiduku chinoratidzwa . Mutsoropodzi uyu aidavira kuti munyori wepanhau akaumba moto wekutsvaira, unofanirwa kurambwa nenzira imwecheteyo. Chinangwa cheAntonovich - "kukakavadzana" nevechizvarwa chidiki cheTurgenev - chakabudirira.

Ndezvipi zvisingakwanisi kuti mademocrates asakanganwire Turgenev?

Antonovich muchikamu chezvinyorwa zvake zvisina kururama uye zvisinganyengeri zvakanyomba munyori wekuti iye aiva nemufananidzo zvakare "unozivikanwa", sezvo Dobrolubov inofungidzirwa seimwe yezviratidzo zvayo. Vanyori venhau "Contemporary", mukuwedzera, havana kukwanisa kukanganwira munyori wekuputsa nemagazini iyi. Nhoroondo inoti "Vanababa nevana" yakabudiswa mu "Russian Herald," bhuku rakachengetedza, iro raiva ravo chiratidzo chekupedzisira kweIvan Sergeevich nehurumende.

Bazarov mu "kutsoropodza kwechokwadi"

Pisarev akataura mamwe maonero pamusoro pe protagonist yebasa racho. Akasazviona sekaroto rwevamwe vanhu, asi semumiriri weavo vaibva panguva iyoyo mamiriro matsva evanhu. Uyu muongorori akanga asingadi kufarira mafungiro emunyori pachake kune hero yake, uyewo nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuita kwechimiro chechifananidzo ichi. Pisarev akashandura Bhazarov mumweya wezvinonzi kunotsoropodza kwechokwadi. Akataura kuti munyori mufananidzo wake akanga asina hanya, asi rudzi rwacho rwakarongwa Pisarev zvikuru - se "hero ye nguva." Muchikamu chine zita rokuti "Bazarov" zvakanzi iyo mhando huru inoratidzwa mumutsara, inomiririrwa se "munhu anotambudzika", ndiyo mhando itsva iyo mabhuku akanga asina. Mukuwedzera kududzirwa kwemuongorori uyu, Bazarov akapwanya kakawanda kubva munharaunda pachayo. Semuenzaniso, munyaya dzinoti "Kufungidzira Proletariat" uye "Realists", zita re "Bazarov" rakanzi mhando ye nguva, raznochinets-kulturtreger, uyo aiva pedyo naPisarev pachake.

Kupomera mhosva

Chinangwa cheTurgenev, kunyarara inzwi mukati mokufananidzira kwe protagonist kwakapesana nekupomerwa kwetsika. "Vanababa navana" ndiwo mutauro weTurgenev "duel" neanhilists uye nihilism, asi munyori akazadzisa zvose zvaidiwa ne "code of honor": airemekedza muvengi, achitendeseka "kumuuraya". Bazarov sechiratidzo chekunyengedzera kwakaipisisa, maererano naIvan Sergeevich, munhu akakodzera. Iko kunakidza uye kugadzirwa kwechifananidzo, umo vamwe vatsoropodzi vanopomera munyori, vakanga vasina kushandiswa, nokuti vaigona kupa mhedziso yakasiyana zvachose, kureva, kuderedzwa kwesimba reihilism, iro rinoparadza. VaNihilists vakatsvaga kuisa chifananidzo chavo chekunyengera muchigaro che "zvisingaperi". Turgenev, achiyeuka basa rake pamufananidzo waEugene Bazarov, akanyora M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin muna 1876 pamusoro penyaya inoti "Vanababa nevana", avo nhoroondo yezvisikwa yaifarira vazhinji, kuti hazvishamisi kuti nokuda kwechikamu chikuru chevaverengi iyi hero yakaramba isina chakavanzika, nokuti munyori pachake haakwanisi kufungidzira kuti akanyora sei. Turgenev akati iye aiziva chinhu chimwe bedzi: kwakanga kusina tsika maari, kwete kusarura kwekufunga.

Nzvimbo yeTurgenev pachake

Vatsoropodzi venyaya inoti "Vanababa nevana" vakapindura zvakanyanya unilaterally, vakapa kuongorora kwakakomba. Munguva iyi, Turgenev, semakambani ake akare, anorega kutaura, haazogoni kugumisa, anovanza nemaune nyika yepanyika yegamba rake kuitira kuti arege kuomesa vaverengi. Kupikisana kwemazwi "Vanababa nevana" hakusi kumatenga. Nokudaro zvakananga zvichitsanangurwa nemutsoropodzi Antonovich uye zvakanyatsoratidzirwa naPisarev, nzvimbo yemunyori inoratidzirwa mukugadzirwa kwebumbiro, mumamiriro ekurwisana. Iko mavari iyo pfungwa yehupenyu hwaBazarov yakagadziriswa nemunyori webasa rokuti "Vanababa nevana" inozadziswa, izvo zvifananidzo izvo zvichiri kukonzera kukakavadzana pakati pevanyori vakasiyana-siyana.

Eugene mumakakatanwa naVa Pavel Petrovich vasina kushandiswa, asi mushure mekuoma kwakaoma "muedzo werudo" mukati medu zvakaputsika. Munyori anonyanya kusimbisa "utsinye", kufunga kwekutenda kwegamba iri, pamwe nekubatana kwezvinhu zvose zvinoumba hupenyu hwake. Bazarov ndiye anonzi maximalist, mune maonero ayo kutendwa kupi zvako kune mutengo, kana kusingapesane nevamwe. Kamwe kana munhu uyu akashaya "chibatanidza" mu "ketani" yenyika inoona - vamwe vose vakadzokororwa uye vakabvunzwa. Pakupedzisira, iyi ndiyo "itsva" Bazarov, uyo ari "Hamlet" pakati pevanyori vechihedheni.