Tsanangudzo yemusha weManilov munhetembo "Dead Souls"

Kuita basa rake guru - nhetembo "Vakafa" - N.V. Gogol akatanga muna 1835 uye haana kumira kusvikira afa. Akazviisa pabasa rekuratidza kumeso pomestno-serfdom Russia nezvose zvayo zvakaipa uye kukanganisa. Basa rakakura mune izvi rakaitwa nemifananidzo yakagadzirwa nemaitiro evamiri vevakuru, avo ndivo vaiita sangano guru revanhu mumunyika. Tsanangudzo yemusha weManilov, Korobochka, Sobakevich, Nozdrev, Plyushkin inoita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa kuti zvakasiyana zvakadini, asi panguva imwechete inofanirwa, varombo vaiva vanhu vaive vatsigiro guru remasimba. Izvi pasinei nokuti mumwe nomumwe weimba yaimiririra airemekedza pachake achizviona sekanakisisa pakati pevamwe vose.

Basa remukati

Zvitsauko zvishanu zvebhuku rokutanga, rakatsaurirwa kune vagari venyika, Gogol anovaka pane imwe nheyo. Anotsanangura muridzi wega wega kuburikidza netsanangudzo yechitarisiko chake, nzira yake yekuzvibata nemusikana - Chichikov - nehama dzake. Munyori anotaura pamusoro pekuti upenyu huri muimba hwakarongeka sei, hunoratidzwa kuburikidza nemafungiro kune varimi, nzvimbo yose neimba yavo pachavo. Somugumisiro, pane mufananidzo wakazara wekuti "vamiririri" vakanaka veSerf Russia vakagara sei muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe.

Yokutanga ndondedzero yemusha weManilov - yakanaka chaizvo uye ine mutsa, pakutanga paanoona, muridzi weimba.

Long road

Haisi mafungiro anofadza anosiya nzira kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. Pavakasangana muguta, muridzi weimba, uyo akadana Chichikov kushanyira, akataura kuti akararama anenge anenge gumi nemashanu kubva pano. Zvisinei, isu takadzingirira gumi nematanhatu uye kupfuura, uye ikoko kwakaratidza kuti hakuna mugumo kumugwagwa. Vafudzi vaviri avo vakanga vasangana vakavaratidza kuti paizove nekushanduka mukati, uye ipapo paive neManilovka. Asi kunyange izvi zvakanga zvisina kufanana nezvokwadi, uye Chichikov akaita mhedziso yokuti muridzi wacho, sezvazvaiwanzoita, akagura kure nehafu pahurukuro. Zvichida kuitira kuti iwe unyeke - yeuka zita romuridzi weimba.

Pakupedzisira, iyo nzvimbo yakanga ichiri mberi.

Nzvimbo isina kujairika

Yokutanga kuona iyo ndiyo imba mbiri yakachengetwa, iyo yakavakwa kumusoro - "paJurassic", sezvakanyorwa nemunyori. Iko kuneye kutanga tsanangudzo yemusha weManilov munhetembo "Dead Souls".

Zvaiita sekuti imba isina woga yakamira kumativi ose kumhepo inovhuvhuta, izvo zvakangoitika munzvimbo idzi. Mhedziso yegomo apo chivakwa chacho chakamira chakange chakafukidzwa nechitsiko chakagadzirwa.

Izvo zvisingaoneki zvakarongeka zveimba zvakange zvichisimbiswa nemabhedha emaruva nemucheka wechichena acacia uye lilac, yakaputsika mumutauro weChirungu. Kurutivi rwacho kwakakura kwakasimbiswa birch - kwete kupfuura mashanu kana matanhatu - uye kwaive ne gazebo ine zita risina musoro yezvi nzvimbo idzi dzinonzi "Temple of Solitary Reflection." Dziva duku rakapedzwa nekadiki kadiki, iyo, zvisiri izvo, yakanga isingawanzove munzvimbo dzevamani veminda, avo vaifarira chimiro cheChirungu.

Kusuruvara uye kusagadzikana - iyi ndiyo mafungiro ekutanga ebhizimisi renyika yaonekwa.

Tsanangudzo yemuguta Manilova

"Mweya Yakafa" inopfuurira nyaya yenyaya dzakasiyana-siyana, dzimba dzakaoma dzimba - Chichikov vakavaverenga vanenge mazana maviri. Vakanga vari pamwe chete uye vakayambuka pasi pegomo uye vaive nematanda chete. Pakati peimba, muenzi wacho haana kuona muti, kana chimwe chinyoro, izvo zvakaita kuti musha usakanganise zvachose. Muchiri kure, musango wepaini wakanga uchibvunda . Iyi ndiyo tsanangudzo yemusha weManilov.

"Mweya Yakafa" ine chirevo chekutenderera chechichi Chichikov chakaona. PaManilov, zvinhu zvose zvakaonekwa kwaari seimwe grey uye zvisinganzwisisike, kunyange "zuva rakanga risati rava pachena, kwete iro rakaora." Vakadzi vaviri chete vakatukwa, vachikwevera pedyo nomudzungiridzi wegungwa nemakungwa e-crayfish uye roach, uye jongwe rine mapapiro akaputika, vachidanidzira munzira yose, vamwe vakamutsa zvakare mufananidzo.

Kusangana nemwene

Tsanangudzo yemusha weManilova kubva ku "Dead Souls" ichave isina kukwana pasina kuziva mudzidzisi pachake. Akamira pavhare uye, achiziva mutorwa, pakarepo akazununguka mumusvemo unofara zvikuru. Kunyangwe pamusangano wokutanga muguta, Manilov akarova Chichikov nekuti chitarisiko chake chakaita seine shuga yakawanda. Iye zvino mafungiro okutanga akangowedzera.

Muzvokwadi, muridzi wepamba pakutanga aiita seine mutsa uye anofadza kumunhu wacho, asi mushure meminiti iyi pfungwa yakashanduka zvachose, uye ikozvino pfungwa yakamuka: "Dhiyabhorosi anoziva chii!". Kuwedzera maitiro aManilov, kunyanya kugadzirisa uye akavakirwa pane chido chokufadza, izvi zvinopupurira zvakakwana. Mukuru wacho akatsvoda muenzi wacho, sekuti vakanga vari shamwari kwezana remakore. Ipapo akazondipinza mumba, ndichiedza nenzira dzose dzingaita kuti ndiratidze ruremekedzo kwaari nekusada kupinda mukova pamberi peChichikov.

Internal environment

Tsanangudzo yemuguta Manilova kubva munhetembo "Dead Souls" inobudisa pfungwa yekusaziva mune zvose, kusanganisira kubwinya kweimba ya tenzi. Ngatitangei nechokuti pedo nemugwagwa uye kunyange nhumbi dzakanaka, dzimire muimba yekuraramo, pakanga pane zvigaro zvechigaro, pane imwe nzvimbo iyo pane imwe nguva kwakanga kusina mbatya yakakwana. Uye kwemakore anoverengeka muridzi wacho akanyevera muenzi kuti vasati vakagadzirira zvakadaro. Mune imwe nzvimbo imba yacho yakanga isiripo pano kwegore rechisere - kubva muwanano weManilov. Saizvozvowo, panguva yekudya kwemanheru, chigadziko chemwenje chepamusoro chendarira chakagadzirwa nenzira yekare uye vamwe "vakaremara" kubva mumhangura, vose vari mafuta, vanogona kuiswa patafura. Asi hapana wevanhu vepamba akabhadhara izvi.

Hofisi yevaenzi yakaratidza kusava nehanya, zvakare. Akanga ari, zvakare, chisingazwisisiki grey-ruvara rwebhuruu - chimwe chinhu chakafanana nezvakataurwa nemunyori, kupa tsanangudzo yakazara yemusha weManilov pakutanga kwechitsauko. Patafura yegore maviri akaisa bhuku rine bhakisikiti papeji imwechete - hapana munhu akamboiverenga. Asi pamuri yose fodya yakapararira, uye pane mahwindo emafasitereti emasiraidhi, akaiswa mumadota, akaramba ari mu tube. Pakati pese, kurota uye kusvuta - idzi dzaive mabasa makuru uye aidiwa nemuridzi weimba, uyo akanga asina hanya nezvinhu zvake zvachose.

Kusvika pakuziva mhuri

Mudzimai waManilov akafanana naye. Makore masere ekuroora akashandura zvishoma ukama pakati pevakaroorana: ivo vose vaibata pamwe necheka reapuro kana kuti vakaparadzanisa zvidzidzo zvavo kuti vawane kiss. Manilova akagamuchira kukura kwakanaka, akadzidzisa zvose zvaidiwa muupenyu hwemhuri hunofadza: kutaura chiFrench, kutamba piyano uye kuvekesa nemashira zvimwe cheholchik dzisina kujairika kushamisa murume wake. Uye chero zvakadaro, kuti kicheni hachina kubikwa zvakanaka, pakanga pasina pfuma mumatura ezvitoro, muchengeti weimba anoba mazhinji, uye vashumiri vanowanzovata. Kuzvikudza kwevakaroorana vaiva vanakomana vavo, vakadana mazita echiGiriki asinganzwisisi uye vakavimbiswa kuratidza hukuru hukuru munguva yemberi.

Tsanangudzo yemusha weManilov: mamiriro evarimi

Pamusoro pezvose zvataurwa pamusoro apa, chimwe chirevo chave chave chichiratidza: zvinhu zvose muimba zvakapinda nenzira imwechete yakaita seyizvi, panguva iyoyo uye pasina kupindira kwemuridzi. Iyi pfungwa inotsigirwa apo Chichikov inotanga kutaura pamusoro pevarimi. Zvinosvika kuti Manilov haatombozivi kuti mweya yakawanda yakafa munguva dzichangopfuura. Haagoni kupa mhinduro uye mubati wake. Anongotaura chete kuti pane zvinhu zvizhinji mwene weimba anowanzotenderana nazvo. Zvisinei, shoko rokuti "zvakawanda" hazvishamisi muverengi: tsanangudzo yemusha weManilov uye mamiriro ezvinhu ayo serfs ake aigara, kuratidza pachena kuti kune imwe nzvimbo iyo mwene weimba asingatarisi pamusoro pevarimi zvachose, ichi chinhu chakajairika.

Somugumisiro, chifananidzo chisingafadzi che protagonist chechitsauko chinowanikwa. Munhu asina hanya akarota haana kuuya mupfungwa kuti aende kuminda, kuti aone kuti vanhu vanovimba naye vanofanira kudii, kana kuti kungova kungoverenga kuti vangani vane. Uye munyori anowedzera kuti murume wacho aigona kunyengera Manilov nyore nyore. Akanga ane chikwereti chemari pachena kuti awane mari, asi akanga akadhakwa akadzikama, uye zvisati zvaitika hapana munhu aifunga. Mukuwedzera, vashumiri vose, kusanganisira mubati uye muchengeti weimba, vakanga vasina kuchena mumaoko avo, izvo hazvina kunetseka kana Manilov kana mudzimai wake.

Mhedziso

Pedzisa tsanangudzo yemusha weManilov mazwi: "kune rudzi rwevanhu ... kana izvozvo kana izvozvo, kwete muguta reB Bogdan kana mumusha weSelifan ... vanofanirwa kubatana neManilov". Nokudaro, muridzi weimba, kubva kwaari, pakutanga, hapana chakaipa kune ani zvake. Anoda munhu wose-kunyange uyo anonyanya kukanganisa ndiye munhu wake akakurumbira. Dzimwe nguva anorota pamusoro pekugadzirisa mabhizimisi kune varimi, asi aya "mapurojekiti" ari kure kwazvo kubva kuchokwadi uye haazomboshanduriri muchokwadi. Nokudaro kunzwisisa kwakafanana kwe "manilovism" sechiitiko chekugarisana kwevanhu - chirevo chekuita pseudo-filosofi, kushaya kwebatsiro kubva paupenyu. Uye uku ndiko kutanga kwekuora mwoyo, uye zvino kuwa kwehupenyu hwevanhu, sezvakaita Gogol, achipa tsanangudzo yemusha weManilov.

"Mweya Yakafa", nokudaro, inova chirevo kune sangano umo vamiririri vakanakisisa vevakuru vekumba vakadai saManilov. Mushure mezvose, vamwe vose vachave vakaipa.