Paul Graham: Biography uye Creativity

Munyori wezvinyorwa zveAmerica, muzvinabhizimisi uye mukurumbira wezvidzidzo Paul Graham muna 2008 wakabatanidzwa mune runyora rwevanhu makumi maviri nevashanu vane simba mune webhupu maererano netsika yeBusinessWeek. Mazano ake nhasi anobatsira zviuru zvevechidiki.

Zvishoma zvishoma kubva ku biography

Paul Graham akaberekwa muna 1964 muEngland. Nguva pfupi pashure pacho, baba vake vefizikiki vaifamba nemhuri yake kuenda kuUnited States, sezvaakapiwa basa pane imwe yenyukireya kugadzira bhizinesi.

Kudzokera kuchikoro, mukomana akatanga kutora mapurogiramu emakombiyuta anotarirwa kugadzirisa zvinetso zvinoshanda. Mumwe wavo, somuenzaniso, akaumbwa kuti afananidze kuenderera mberi kwenhandare ye space rockets.

Mushure mokunge apedzisa zvidzidzo zvake pachikoro, Graham akapinda muCornell University uye mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza akagamuchira chikoro chebhaibheri. Gare gare, akapiwa chikamu chetenzi uye PhD mune kombiyuta yesayenzi kuHarvard. Murume wechidiki ane tarenda haana kumira ipapo ndokusarudza kupfuurira mberi zvidzidzo zvake nesayenzi kuitira kuti aumbe unyanzvi hwokugadzira. Zvisinei, akakurumidza kuona kuti aisazokwanisa kuongorora kurota kwake uye akatakurwa nemifananidzo. Kuti abudirire munharaunda iyi, akanyoresa ku Academy of Fine Arts muFlorence, uye akapedza kudzidza kubva kuRhode Island School Design. Akatamira kune imwe huru studio muNew York, achirota basa remhizha, asi akave asina nguva shoma yemari. Izvi zvakaita kuti mukomana afunge kamwechete uye kuti vose vabvise matambudziko nemari.

Viaweb

Muna 1995 Paul Graham naRobert Morris vakasika Viaweb. Iyi software, yakanyorwa muLady Lisp, yakabvumira vashandisi vese kuti vagadzire nzvimbo dzavo dzekutsvaga paIndaneti. Muzhizha ra1999, Yahoo yakatora Viaweb yezvikamu 455,000, izvo panguva iyoyo zvaidhura $ 49.6 mamiriyoni. Chibereko chacho chakazozivikanwa se Yahoo Store.

Paul Graham: mabhuku anotaura nezveLisp

Sezvaunoziva, munhu ane tarenda ane unyanzvi mune zvose. Paul Graham haasi kunze, iyo inotsigirwa nemitsanangudzo yake nemabhuku.

Inonyanya kuzivikanwa pamabasa ake ekunyora ari On Lisp (1993), ANSI Common Lisp (1995) uye Hackers & Painters (2004).

Mabhuku maviri okutanga akazvipira kuLisp - mutauro wekugadzirisa, uyo anonyanya kufarirwa nevanhu vakawanda ari Graham. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa vashandi, pamwe chete nevadzidzi vachiri kungodzidza zvinyengeri zvebasa ravo. MuOn Lisp, munyori anonyanya kutaura nezve macros nezvimwe zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveLisp mutauro, kuratidza nemuenzaniso kuti kushandiswa kwavo kunobatsira sei kushandura zvakanyanya nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda anoshanda. Kana iri ANSI Common Lisp, iyi ndiyo mabhuku ekutanga eLisp. Iyo yakanyorerwawo vanyori uye inosanganisira tsanangudzo yakajeka yezvinyorwa zvemashoko emutauro uyu, uyewo tsanangudzo yakazara yeAnsi Common Common Lisp.

Hackers & Painters

Iro yechitatu yemabhuku ainzi Paul Graham yakanyorwa muna 2004. Icho chikwata chezvinyorwa, izvo zvakabudiswa naOreilly. Havasi ukama, uye vanotaura nyaya dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chokuita nekuronga: mutauro unosarudza, yakakodzera kugadzirwa kweWeb applications, dambudziko rekuchengetedza mushumiri kubva kune spam, nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinobatanidza nekushandiswa kweInternet-ups, nezvimwewo.

I "Blab's Paradox"

Kushamwaridzana naPaul Graham pane zvidzidzo zvakananga uye mumabhuku anonyanya kuwanikwa kakawanda. Kunyanya, kufarira kwakanyanya munguva yake kwakakonzerwa neBlub tsvina yakatsanangurwa naiye, iyo Graham akagovana nevateereri vake muhurukuro "Kukunda hukuru hwevanhu". Anobata nenyaya dzakabatana nematambudziko mukusimudzira zvirongwa zvakanyanya zvine simba pakuronga, pamusoro pezvose, Miromo. Mumashoko maviri, chimiro chayo chinotevera: kune mugadziri ane pachake uye "anofunga pamusoro paBlab" (mamwe marudzi echinzvimbo chepakutanga purogiramu mutauro). Anotsanangura mhinduro yechinetso chero chipi zvacho nenzira yeBlub. Uyezve, mari yakawedzerwa inowanikwa mumutauro une simba, kwaari, haina kukosha. Uye izvi hazvishamisi, sezvo asingazivi kuti angaishandisa sei! Chero apo muzvidziridzi anodzidza mutauro mutsva nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekunze, achave nemukana wekunzwisisa zvizere zvakakwana zvaBlab. Nokudaro, kutanga kwekare "chigadziro" pachako hachisi chikonzero chekudzidza imwe itsva. Mushure mezvose, kuti uone kukwana kwemaitiro emutauro unozivikanwa, munhu anofanira kunge atoziva kuti ane simba.

Nenzira iyi yakaoma, Paul Graham anotsanangura kuti sei varimi vemuitiro kazhinji vasingadi kutsvaga zvidzidzo zvinobudirira kune avo vatove vanezvo.

"Pyramid yaGraham"

Iri zita rakagamuchirwa nehukuru hwemakakatanwa mukukakavadzana, iyo yakataurwa naPauro munyaya yekuti "Nzira yekutamba zvakarurama." Vaya vanomuziva vanofunga kuti Piramidi inobatsira zvikuru kune wese anofanirwa kudzivirira maonero avo munharo.

Zvose zvinokonzerwa nhaurirano zvinowanikwa nenzira yehutungamiri hwemashoko manomwe. Paul Graham, uyo anonzi "Whit combinator" (accelerator) anozivikanwa pasi rose, anotaura kuti munhu anofanirwa kuedza kusvika kumusoro, "kumusoro kwepiramidi", uye zvichange zvichiita kuderedza kusimba kwemakakatanwa. Mukuita, hurumende inowanzoshandiswa neva blogger vanoongorora maitiro vachishandisa uye vanosarudza avo vakakodzera kupindura.

Paul Graham: "The Combinator"

Muna 2005, munyori wenhau anozivikanwa akaita mutauro muHarvard Computer Society. Imwe nguva gare gare yakabudiswa seyese yenyaya yakareba pasi pemusoro unoti "Nzira Yokutanga Kutanga." Kusangana nevamwe vatinonamata navo, vazhinji vavo vaiva vakomana nevanasikana vaduku zvikuru, vakamanikidza Graham kuumba, pamwechete nemafungiro akafanana Jessica Livingston, Trevor Blackwell naRobert Morris weY Combinator. Chinangwa chepurojekiti ndechekupa mavambo ekutanga, kunyanya avo vakagadzirwa nevechidiki zvikuru uye vane chinangwa chokuvandudza hutenga hutsva muI IT field, pamwe chete nemari inokwana mari yekutanga kune rwendo rwavo.

Imwe yemapurogiramu akabudirira ye Y Combinator ndiyo yekusika kweSain Hacker News. Mukuwedzera, kubudirira kwavo "vakadzidza" Dropbox, Airbnb yekushandira basa, Stripe, nezvimwewo. The accelerator yatobudisa kanopfuura mazana mazana manomwe ekutanga. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukosha kwese kwemakambani ose kunopfuura $ 30 mabhiriyoni.

"10 inotonga"

Paul Graham, firimu inofanirwa kuonekwa kune ani zvake anoda kutanga bhizinesi paWebhu, anoti:

• Tanga zvishoma;
• Tarisa misika apo kune vazhinji vakwikwidzi;
• Kuzvipira kuita purogiramu, uye kusapedza nguva paA MBA;
• Usatsvaga kuvhara vashandisi vakawanda kamwechete;
• Dzinga chero mushandi uyo asingabatsiri;
• Usazvidzivirira iwe pachako;
• Kuchengeta nhamba shoma yevashandi;
• Usatungamirirwa nemari iyo iwe unogona kuwana yekutanga;
• Shanda pane pfungwa dzishomanana vanhu vanofunga kuti dzinobudirira;
• Unzwisise kuti kubudirire kubudirira kunotora makore gumi nemana.

Zvino iwe unoziva kuti Pauro Graham ndiani. "White combinator" (iyo firimu pamusoro pegadziriro iyi, ichiri kubviswa) - ndeye yevana vanobudirira zvikuru kune munhu uyu ane tarenda. Mazano ake anokurudzira vechidiki, uye mapurisa anobatsira kuti abudirire kubudirira kunyange kune avo vasina mari yakawanda yekutanga mari.