Kutanga kuchengeta indasitiri - kuti zvakakodzera? Goods kunyuchi. nyuchi makosi

The zvisikwa 1814 Russian nyuchi P. I. Prokopovichem furemu mukoko zvibvire kushanda mune tsika pfungwa nenyuchi kuvharirwa nzira. Zvichitevera kubva pakutanga yezana remakore rechi19, nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa chakagadzirwa mizinga (I. Mehring, Germany) uye inofashaira (F. Hruska, Czech Republic) yakazarura nzira nokuda maindasitiri nyuchi.

Nhoroondo Pfupi

Mumakore zana apfuura akatevera, pamatanda mukoko pakupedzisira vakazodzingwa puranga, uriri uye dendere mabhokisi. Kukurudzira mazhinji nzira uye unyanzvi zvinobatanidzwa inoshamisa kemisiti AM Butlerov, venyuchi-iyi I. E. Shavrov, S. K. Krasnoperov.

MuRussia, maindasitiri nyuchi yakabuda sezvo yakazvimirira bazi zvokurima anoonga kuitwa unyanzvi murongi, mutori uye mudzidzisi Abraham Evlampievich Titova - ". Nyuchi bhizimisi" muvambi uye kwenguva mupepeti Zvarakafuridzirwa zvinyorwa uye muenzaniso America kwakaita achitungamirira pchelopromyshlennika Amos Root, muna 1911 mumusha Borshchagovka Kiev dunhu Titov akavamba umambo hwokutanga apiyari-chevana. Pamberi October Revolution kwaiva vanenge 200 nyuchi shamwari, paiva 15 unyanzvi periodicals.

The wechiduku Soviet Republic Abhuramu Evlampievich akaramba tsvakurudza uye kugadzirwa mabasa sezvo musoro Izmailovo experimental apiyari yenyu. Maererano chirongwa 1929 kuFar East, tanga kuchengeta nyuchi purazi iri wakasikwa. Mumakore akatevera, makambani aya akatanga basa ravo Central Asia, Kabardino-Balkaria, muna Kuban.

Current mamiriro

Not nzira yakanakisisa zvakakanganisa indasitiri kuparara Soviet Union. Giant weHurumende mapurazi uye maindasitiri mabhizimisi akanga chapedzwa. Beekeeping indasitiri muRussia asiri adzikunure akarasika pasi, asi simba uye zvakazara operative apo hazvibviri kutaura.

An kudiwa kwokukurumidzira kuvandudza wepamutemo kudzivirirwa uye kusikwa hombe-pamwero administrative murau. Pane kuperevedza zvikuru vanonyatsokwanisa vashandi kunyuchi, runziro uye chinzvimbo mamaneja vanogona kufema upenyu hutsva kupinda indasitiri.

Vanoda zvikuru kuvandudzwa mashoko uye michina chawo. Basa apiyari yenyu inofanira kuva zvinobvira michini uye zvoga, kuti zvirokwazvo kubatsirawo ichiwedzera kugadzirwa mavhoriyamu uye kukwikwidzana Russian Chepiri pamusoro musika nyika. Nyika ine mano uye pfuma ndokudzinga indasitiri vavaRefaimu: US, Australia, Canada.

Size nyaya?

kana chete pakafunuka rakasiyana mudzidzi vezvokutengeserana nyuchi? Kana chipi firimu, chikuru chinangwa chayo chinhu kunonyanyisa goho kwenhumbi zvaida yepamusoro (uchi uye anoenderana zvigadzirwa) pamwe shoma zvinhu uye nguva mari. Chinhu chinokosha dzekugonesa profitability uye kukura - specialization uye yevasungwa.

Concentration chinoreva nyuchi mumapurazi kuwedzera kune optimum miganhu. Kunobatsira papurazi anofanira ane zvishoma 500 nenyuchi nyuchi.

Specialization chinorondedzerwa nenzira okunze mapazi:

• Kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu nyika - razvedencheskoe mirayiridzo (pakukurukura pasuru nyuchi, vanamambokadzi).
• Far East, Urals District - uchi (uchi, wakisi).
• Far North - pollination (pollinating zvirimwa greenhouses zvivako), uye vamwe.

Uyezve, nhengo dzose kwacho cheni (zvinhu uye midziyo, zvivako, nzira uye unyanzvi) vari pasi vanachandagwinyira Standardization uye kubatana. Munzira dzakawanda, kubudirira zvebhizimisi anoenderana yakarurama kusarudza nyuchi erudzi uye zvibereko maberekero. Relations "murume - nyuchi" zvizere zvikonzero, hapana nzvimbo "mashoko" - chete bhizimisi nhoroondo.

nyuchi budiriro mapazi

Kubva mukudzidza uye kuona zvinogona Vhoriyamu uchi zvekuvaka nzvimbo, Accessibility kwayo, yakarurama kusarudza nzvimbo specialization hwenyika anoenderana ayo profitability uye pakukura.

Masango Tatarstan, Bashkortostan uye Primorsky Territory ndivo chikuru uchi chirimwa zvakasiyana akasiyana limes. In chinonyanya akanaka makore medosbor anogona kusvika kusvika makirogiramu 20 chete mhuri. In vakavhengana masango uye wemarudzi rekushongedzesa European Russia mukoko kupa 3 makirogiramu uchi pazuva kumaodzanyemba munzvimbo pazvirimwa Buckwheat, attar tsika - 6 makirogiramu. Zvadzinofura garo nzvimbo anofanira nechokwadi kwete chete uchi muunganidzwa, asiwo dzamunenge muchinyanya kukura uye enhancement mhuri simba.

Oga uchi zvinhu hatibvumiri kukudziridza nyuchi pamusoro muindasitiri akamboona. Chii anofanira kuchinja mumafungiro uye tsika?

maindasitiri nyuchi michina

Kushandiswa yepamusoro nenyanzvi maberekero nyuchi runobvira chete apiaries guru (500 mhuri), apo kushandiswa kwemichina kuchaunza zvaioneka zvabuda. The zvakawanda simba rose maumbirwo mapurazi mikoko rakakamurwa zveupfumi dzakabatana (500-600 mikoko) uye nokuda mumwe nomumwe wakaiswa pamwe anokwanisa mubatsiri, govera zvinodiwa zvinhu zvokurimisa (nyuchi suit, uchisvuta, mumwe mbezo, etc ..). Mushure chando uye kucheneswa flyby nyuchi kunze pahwaro chinonyanya kubudiswa chikwata vakatakura pamusoro tsime fufuro (hapana mikoko inopfuura 100 paminiti pfungwa). On the nechepakati pfuma kunogona chete kugadzira chikwata (2-3 vanhu), uye kushanda zvakanaka dzine zvokushandisa uye midziyo kunyuchi.

Nokuti vose apiyari yenyu ndiwo chete boka kutarisirwa ezvinhu ane kwakaderedza nhamba bvunzo munguva mwaka. SRI nyuchi nyanzvi kuita zvinotevera basa shoma (sezvineiwo dzichienderana simba mhuri kupa zvakafanana):

• Spring rokuongorora uye kudyisa nyuchi
• inotungamirwa kuchekwa,
• kuisa zvitoro kana zvimwe zvivako,
• pakusarudza marketable uchi, akachekwa cheap car insurance,
• kugadzirira chando.

Kugadza musi nokuongorora 10-20 chete nyuchi mapoka apiyari, kufungawo neuchapupu nokudzora kwemukoko. Kusarudza bedrock nyuchi vanosarudza zvishoma roylivoy zvikuru zvibereko uye vazhinji dzakashandisa mamiriro vemo.

Munguva, achaita kuronga zvinenge 3-4 chokufambisa mikoko kuti maruva melliferous nyika kuwedzera profitability.

Material zvekushandisa chawo

Nokuti nechepakati papurazi yasarudzwa nzvimbo pamwe kwezvivako, pamwe kuwana zvakanaka mumigwagwa. Farm zvivako (huru kugadzirwa nharaunda, sotohranilische, winterer) inofanira kuiswa tichifunga nyore kushanda, akashongedzerwa pamwe motokari ramps uye nokusimudza namano. Simba Automobile uye Tractor Park vanofanira kupa kambani zvinodiwa papurazi senga.

Kana vakagadzirira pamwe apiyari yenyu rinonyanya kusarudza mumukoko. Vanofanira kuva vomureza kukura kuchinjaniswa okunze (pekugara, zvitoro, mapuranga yenyuchi). Kudiwa simba uye lightweight magadzirirwo kuti angakudzivisai akadzokorora mukugadzirisa manipulations panguva pakugadzirisa uye akatama.

Zvakarurama zvakawanda kutenga nyuchi zvokushandisa, nemidziyo michini kupomba uchi, voskopererabatyvayuschee midziyo (nemichina, centrifuges, chiutsi emagetsi). The sangano pachake kuveza shopu pamwe michina zvakanaka uye vanachiremba tichitsanya richadzokera pamusoro inivhesitimendi.

Zvinosuruvarisa zvakawanda kunyuchi, kuratidzwa pamisika nhasi vari usingachashandi. Kazhinji, mainjiniya makambani vanongosiyiwa yagadziridza uye ndiwedzere aripo michina. Somuenzaniso, achigadzirira uchi-shuga makore aishandiswa maindasitiri akanya muchina pakupa manyuchi - nezvimwewo Modified pyatidesyatiramochnaya inofashaira, ...

basa sangano

On guru nyuchi zvebhizimisi apararira nzira sectional umo nerimwe apiyari, rine kubva mhuri 500 kusvika 1000, vashandi vanoita vanhu 2-6 iri yakasimbiswa. More unyanzvi uye ruzivo nyanzvi yakatarwa chikwata mutungamiri uye mari. With kubudirira Tsika mhando mbiri basa:

• basa pamwe. Kana kuita pamwero mukuru mabasa (zvokufambisa mikoko, uchi kupomba) kuti operative uye unhu waivako muzvikamu vanobatanidza kuedza.
• Weboka basa. mushandi mumwe nomumwe automatism anotakura kuita chero muitiro (semuenzaniso, dzasimbiswa nemafuremu chikukutu) - zvinowanisa munhu kusanyatsotsanangurwa chakabatikana. Kuti uvandudze kunyatsoshanda, mumwe Link wakaiswa dzimwe mitemo vari kuomesa Zvidavirire pamusoro goho, consumables uye midziyo. Advantageously kudzidzira tichibatanidza ounyanzvi hwokugadzira uye mabasa (nyuchi rokutyaira tarakita; nyuchi - joiner, etc.).

Beekeeping indasitiri Handingambofungi pasina kuramba kudzidziswa uye kudzidzisazve yevashandi. Production makosi - kupfuura kuwana mhando pakukwana. Ivo inoitwa yechando mukuru mhuka mukoti utariri pamwe nezvokupindira vadzidzisi muzvikoro unyanzvi hwakasiyana.

Pane zvikamu basa boka vadzidzi vari nyuchi kosi (makirasi yokungotaura uye tsika) for Agricultural Academy. Timiryazev Academy of hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu. Scriabin (Moscow) panguva Perm Pedagogical University muPskov Agronomy College.

Types mishonga kumusika nyaya

Migumisiro indasitiri basa unoratidza kuti mukuwedzera kugadzirwa, pane yakawanda nezvinetso zvemari.

Over 80% mapurazi vanogamuchira mari kubva kutengeswa marketable uchi, pamusoro semushonga dzave kubvira munguva dzekare. Wax kudiwa sezvo mbishi zvinhu ari metallurgia, pendi uye kudhinda Mazinga, asi mugove chigadzirwa (70%) shumba riri vakadzokera bhizimisi iri muchimiro chakagadzirwa mizinga.

Chinokosha matura maindasitiri profitability nhema kukura ruzivo kuti kuchengetera uye kubudiswa namo, mukume, nyuchi uturu uye mukume, youmambo mondo uye homogenate drone the mano mazana zvinoshandiswa uye zvizoro Pharmaceuticals.

Uyezve, mabhizimisi razvedencheskogo mirayiridzo fuma chiito uye nyuchi pachavo - kusvika 50% of mubereko upfumi Southern Russia kubva pakutengeswa vanamambokadzi uye package.

Vatorwa chichatibatsira?

Nokuti vatorwa mabhizimisi Beekeeping kunoratidzwa yakakwirira zvibereko uye intensification okuwana. mamiriro Legal uye logistical vari akanakira kushandiswa uye kuvandudzika neezvitendero mhando zvemichina uye zvokushandisa, uye, somugumisiro - yose yakaoma zvaidiwa remarudzi nemitemo zvigadzirwa. Kutanga kuchengeta indasitiri munyika dzakawanda kugamuchira dzorubatsiro kubva yakasimba mamiriro, anonakidzwa kutsigirwa zvizere. Somuenzaniso, hurumende US vakaisa tariffs, pamusoro kupinza uchi (nokuti China uye 180%, Argentina - kusvika 60%). US importers bvisa mari uchi (kusvika $ mamiriyoni 300 pagore) vari dzinounzwa kutsigira epamba vaburitsi.

Nokuti Vagadziri Russian vachava chinobatsira chiitiko Canadian dzomuzana. Performance nyuchi nyuchi munyika pamusoro nyika avhareji kunoguma kupfuura kaviri.

Batanidza zvikuru kuvandudzika uye kuwedzera kuwanda makambani anogadzira zvinhu kunyuchi. Pamisika otomatiki muchitokisi mutsetse kudhinda uye kupomba uchi centrifuges uye matangi, zvokushandisa kuongorora kunaka uchi. Kunofadza ngwariro kusvikira pezvisingakoshi: suit nyuchi "SHERIFF" ari Danish kambani "Svente" pamwero wakakwirira yokudzivirirwa, kunyaradzwa, mukurumari.

Tarisiro okukura. Innovation mu nyuchi

Kukwikwidzana Western dzomuzana anogona kuita kukura vashandi vari Ryazan Agricultural University mumunda Mechanisation uye zvitsva nzira kubudiswa zvigadzirwa nyuchi maindasitiri, kusanganisira:

• zvemichina uye midziyo nokuda dzokubudisa uye nokuomesa beebread,
• kunzwisisa kuchenesa uye zvenzara pamusoro namo,
• Food michina pakudyisa pasty wakisi deko.

Vazhinji midziyo ratova vachimhanya mukurima. Technology nokushingaira kuongorora nyuchi kumapurazi.

tarisiro Good chokuita nokushandiswa rakagadzirwa nevanhu epurasitiki rouchi, itsva mikoko (kubva kuwedzerwa polystyrene uye vamwe mamakisi furo), kushandiswa kuri firimu kuwedzera simba nenyuchi nyuchi.

The echimurenga chigadzirwa muunganidzwa michina wakatangwa Australian nyuchi. At moyo kwayo - namaapuro hutsva kuti chakafanana nenyuchi mikoko uye "musha." Kana achizadza muzinga uchi anofanira kuzarura pombi, uye chigadzirwa oga runoyerera kupinda noruoko inogona mukoko wenyuchi.

Rinopa hwakawanda nemazano uye unyanzvi, dzimwe nguva vanenge penga. Ndoupi wavo midzi uye vachabatsirwa venyuchi uye kunyuchi, chete nguva vachakuudza.