Green Alexander: chokwadi chinofadza kubva muupenyu

Alexander Green ane mukurumbira chaiwo mumabhuku echiRussia. Mabasa ake anosanganisira zvizhinji zvekare zvekuona zvifananidzo. Upenyu hwomunyori hwaive hwakawanda uye hunoshamisa.

Childhood

Green Alexander akaberekerwa mudunhu reViatka muguta reSlobodskaya. Akanga ari hafu yePolish nenyika. Baba vake vakapindira mukumukira kwevakuru vakuru veTsarist ndokuendeswa kuSiberia. Aive ikoko akatenderwa kugara kuViatka. Stefan Grinovsky, kana nenzira yeRussia ya Stepan, akaroora mukoti muduku Anna Lepkova.

Alexander ndiye aiva mwanakomana wavo wokutanga. Akazvarwa muna 1880. Mwana wacho aiva neunhu hunoshamisa. Akanga ari munhu asina maturo uye pane imwe nguva akadzingwa pachikoro. Kubvira achiri muduku, akadanana nekuverenga, uye bhuku rake rekutanga rekuverenga raiva satirical inova "The Adventures of Gulliver." Sezvaunoziva, paiva nehumwe hwezvinyorwa mazviri, saka hazvishamisi kuti Green Alexander muzera rake rakakura akanyora mune iri genre. Pseudonym iyo iyo yakave yakakurumbira mumabhuku eRussia yakanga iri chidimbu chemufananidzo wezita rababa vake. Saka akaidzwa shamwari dzechikoro.

Vechidiki

Kukura Green Green akasarudza kupa upenyu hwake kuti adventure. Pazera remakore gumi nemaviri akaenda kuOdessa. Ikoko akakwanisa kuwana shamwari yakareba yebaba vake avo vakaronga iye sefambisi wengarava kune rimwe remabhiza. Mukufambisa kwake jaya racho rakashanyira nyika dzakawanda, iye akatokwanisa kuzviwana muArekizandriya yeEgipita. Aesthetics yegungwa nguva dzose akwezva jaya. Gare gare, icharatidzwa mubasa rake. Kunyange zvakadaro, hupenyu hwehupenyu hwakanga husina kupera hwakange huri muhutsotsi hwake, uye nokukurumidza Green Alexander akadzoka kumba kwegore.

Sezvo aita rukudzo ruduku, munhu anofambira akasarudza kuedza bhiza rake kure neBaku kure. Ikoko akawana hupenyu hwake munzira dzakawanda dzisingatarisirwi: aive mushandi, mubati wehove, tenzi pachitima. Achinge aonekwa zvishoma gare gare muUrials, akazviedza semugove wemagetsi uye wegoridhe.

Revolutionary activity

Pazera remakore makumi maviri nemaviri, Green akasarudza kupinda muuto uye akazoziva zvikuru SRS. Pfungwa dzakagadziriswa dzakatakura murume wechidiki, uye iye pachake akatanga kuparidzira vazhinji mazano evanhu vemapato. Ichokwadi, akanga ari kurwisana nekutya, uko mumakore iwayo kwaive nemwero mukuru. Shamwari dzakawanda dzakaona tarenda yemukurukuri ndokuraira Green kuti aedze ruoko rwake pakunyora. Zvisinei, anoteerera kudanwa uku kanguva gare gare.

Zvichakadaro, shanduko yevechidiki yakasungwa muCrimea nekuda kwekutaura kwehurumende. Green yakaedza kutiza kubva mutirongo. Paakazobatwa zvakare, kutsvakurudza kwenguva refu kwakatanga, kwakagadziriswa mushure mekuregererwa kwegore ra 1905. Alexander akatumirwa kunhapwa muSiberia, kwaakazotiza zuva rokutanga. Ichi chaiva chimiro panguva iyoyo. Muchizvarwa chake cheViatka, Green akagamuchira pasipoti nokuda kwezita risiri nhema ndokuenda naye kune guta guru.

Kunyora Mabasa

MuSt. Petersburg, anotanga basa rekunyora, rakatsvaka Alexander Green. Nhoroondo yemunhu uyu inosanganisira zvakawanda. Zvadaro akaisa zvinyorwa zvose zvekutanga. Chero zvazviri, chiso chitsva mubhehemian guru rehurumende chinoonekwa nekuda kwetarenda yake mumhando dzenyaya shomanana. Zvinyorwa zveMunyori zvakadhindwa. Greene anoungana naLeonid Andreev, Alexei Tolstoy, Mikhail Kuzmin, Valery Bryusov nevamwe vanyori veSirian Age.

Makore mashomanana gare gare, mapurisa akawana kuti munyori anonyanya kuzivikanwa ari mutevedzeri wemhosva. Zvakare kubatana kwakaitwa Alexander Greene. Nhoroondo yemunyori yakaramba ichienderera kure nePinega. Mudiwa wake Vera Abramov akaenda ikoko uyo waakaroorana naye munguva pfupi.

Akadzingwa Green akagara makore maviri, uye muna 1912 akadzokera kuSt. Petersburg. Makore ekupedzisira hondo isati yasvika, akapedza kubereka zvikuru, nekubudisa nyaya dzorudo. Nokukurumidza zita iri rakazozivikanwa - Alexander Greene. Mabasa acho aigara achibudiswa mumabhuku anozivikanwa. Mumakore iwayo akaroora mudzimai wake. Apo hondo yakatanga, mabasa ake akatanga kuva nemaitiro akajeka okurwisa mauto, pasinei naizvozvo akafara pamusoro pokukunda kukurumidza kwevaGermany.

Nemhaka yeizvi, hurumende yehurumende zvakare yakaratidza kunyora kumunyori. Green yaifanira kuvanza muFinland. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza kuchinja kwakaitika, uye akadzokera kuRussia.

Makore eSoviet

Pose pakanyoreswa, vazhinji vakatorwa kuenda kuhondo. Ndizvo zvakafanana naAlexander Green. Chokwadi chinofadza kubva paupenyu chakasvibiswa ne typhus, iyo yaakarwara kurwara kwenguva pfupi.

Munyori wacho akatsigirwa naMaxim Gorky, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva nesimba guru munyika yose se "petrel of revolution". Akarova chikamu cheGreen muimba yakakurumbira yeVhidhiyo, umo vazhinji vaishanda navo vaigara mumusangano wekusika. Vavakidzani vake vaiva Osip Mandelstam, Nikolai Gumilev, Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky uye Veniamin Kaverin.

Yaiva pano apo Green akanyora basa rake rakakurumbira uye rakajeka - nyaya "Scarlet Sails". Akatsanangura rudzi rwechinhu ichi se "extravaganza". Nokukurumidza nhamba yekutanga ye munyori - "Shining World" yakabudiswa. Pamitero yeGreen kwete kungoenda kuzororo panzvimbo dzaaida kuCrimea, asi zvakare vakatenga imba itsva muLeningrad.

Kutambudzwa uye kuguma kwekupedzisira

Zvisinei, kubudirira kunze kwakaguma nemafungiro pamusoro pevamwe vechidiki Soviet. NEP yakanga yakapoteredzwa, uye mheremhere yekutsoropodza yakatanga, zvinetso nevaparidzi zvakaonekwa, izvo Alexander Green akabatana. Bhuku shomanana rinoudza muverengi zvakaoma kuti vashandi vemapato vakanga vasingadi kuona mabhuku emunyori ari pamashalopu emaibhurari.

Imba yeLeningrad yakatengeswa nokuda kwematokari. Kutambudzwa kwakatanga, iyo Alexander Green yakatarisana nayo. Nhoroondo shomanana yemunyori panguva iyoyo inoshaiwa uye hafu-ine nzara yekuvapo. Pakutanga akaedza kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva kuUnited, iyo Gorky yaive mutariri we, asi mhinduro haina kuuya.

Pakupedzisira, hutano hwemurume wepakati-kati hwakatanga kuderera. Alexander Green akafa muna 1932 ava nemakore 52. Mabasa ake akagadziriswa munguva yakareba, ikozvino mumakore eTrushchev. Ichokwadi, izvi zvisati zvamboitika mumakore ekupedzisira eStalin iye akanziwo munhu wepasi rose munharaunda yemushandirapamwe weparamende yehurumende.

Kuonekwa kwechipiri kwemabhuku pamberi peSoviet reader kwakakurumidza kuonekwa kubudirira. Mabasa mazhinji aifungidzirwa kana akazova chikonzero chekugadzirwa mumitambo.